Show I FORMAL TION OF MANCHU DYNASTY DYN AST I J f I ir y 5 I fO il J Th 4 I. I L id China Ancient Empire of F the Orient Becomes First S 1 Republic of 01 Asia After mi t I fl 1 f s Three I Centuries 01 of Rule jJ the Intruding g Dynasty of the North Norih Surrenders rs Without Conditions Seems to to toBe Be Some S c Ca t Question n as to Head Heid of f the Newest Newest New New- est and ana 1 itc Most n Populous 1 Self Self-Gov- C tov ii i AND MARINE AT 5 Nation Earth on LEGATION S PEKIN Feb 12 China 12 China today joined the tile sisterhood of the worlds world's s rep re re- p publics bUcs In Iii three impe imperial ial edicts theMan the Man Manchu hu dynasty changed from subjects of an absolute ruler to citizens of the largest se self f governing nation ua ion on n th the earth Th The first edict announced announced an an- the abdication of tb tho dynasty after after years of ot absolute rule th the s sep ond n 9 that at he throne a accepted ac ac- cep d the r republic p b i the third approved al all the conditions agreed on by Premier Pre Pre- inter mier Yuan s1 Shi i X Eat Eai i a and the tle republicans ns The Thc third edict created great aston aston- It had be been n expected that the would demand conditions h would safeguard d many of their privileges but according to the proClamation proclamation procla proCla- mation the surrender is unconditional Tho edict informed tho the viceroys and land 5 S I I I yUAN SHIH 1 I provincial governors of the retirement of the thc throne from political Y pO power r all and alid instructed them thorn to o continue doing their thoix duty and to preserve order ordot throughout the land laud i It declared that the step tcp taken by bythe bythe bythe the throne was in hi order to meet the wishes of the tho people The ab abdication of ot the Chinese throne b by Pu Yi the child emperor brings bring to toan toan toan an end cud tho the po powerful Manchu dynasty which h has s 1 iii China since 16 1 The bo boy ruler has been on t the tho u throne since November No It H liOS when tho the emperor em em- Su Sn hi his hig uncle died die His father Prince Chun was appointed Co Cogent ro- ro gent and was the chief fi figure ure in in China for foi- three years vear ar Surrounded by hy a largo 1 number of oC princes of tho the imperial clan and Manchu Manchu Man Uan- chu officials with reactionary ideas the regent was brought face to faco face with a revolutionary movement ut in faor favor fa fa- fim- fim vor or of mo modern ern reforms Ho IIo endeavored ll to placate both parties but ended by bv camisi causing ii g general di dissatisfaction stint i which led Jed to his resi resignation nation on an December 6 1911 1011 The roe promise of a constitutional government gov go O made mada by time tile dowager empress on oi her deathbed in 1903 1003 was not fulfilled ful fu filled in n I any ny way un until il May My last year In n that that- lQ month nth nthan ari au imperial mp edict di t abolished abe abol the old grand rand council which h together to to- gether with wilh the court held abs absolute ul 1 I f t ti i- i ScTt Sc- Sc Tt 1 pr S 1 I power and substituted a constitutional cabinet Revolutionary Ideas Spread Rapidly J Revolutionary idt ideas nB had been becu spread sIra spreading in ing in in the time meantime and the southern provinces prO s declared against tho the continuation aton of Manchu rub rule rulo and aud broke into open revolt After much mitch fighting the rc revolutionists proda proclaimed mcd a republic at it sr qa December 1 and Dr Ir Sun Suu Y Yat t Sen accepted the presidency on December 2 2 N Negotiations between the republicans republic republic- ans aud l. q time tho imperialists followed and all an an armistice was arranged ed This was as not strictly observed but the thc negotiations I contic continued od with ith the tho result that tho tIme Manchu rulers i cail seeing that China I proper was as almost entirely in favor or of I tJi time tho republican republic id idea that the be outly outlying inc ing in dependencies ies of Tibet J Turkestan 1 I Mongolia and were break break- IlL ius way away dc decided that t it Vas their best policy to yield to the popular dod de' e emanu maria manu and rand abdi abdicate a ae e from lo power cr omitting milling hIm him to IH practice c medicine Q ar arid and s surgery n the oung Joun China Chin movement ement h his own bustness bust bust- gained headway 1 li h. h dropped own ness and devoted dc his en entire lice tIne time to th th the s interests of the tho popo proposed ed r republic It IL was on this that he ime came carn to this city last S September II perfected th JI the organization of ot the tho local Youn Young China so 50 society society so- so cloty and placed It on a ii working b basis basis- sl after after- which he proceeded to time tIle coast Lo Local al are watching t develop ments ment In t thc tle e land ot of their an anS S Intense of ot Interest they ther are In nearly cv every r Instance tn t favor of the establishment of ot tho republic ep b. b lie lic th re are but f few w If It any living here who are considering considering- the time po possibility of or r re returning i-c- i turning to China to enlist under th the tle banner of or the republic Uc to fight for tOl free freedoms freedom's dom dom dom's s cause c Time TIle majority o of or the Ci- Ci n nee nese se aio too old to enlist as 3 soldiers soldier while tho the younger ones ones feel reel that should hould their country demand their fee sen the they would go willingly but the they would not sacrifice their business lo to go unless ss as the need were Imperative |