| Show 12 Greet Problems r 1 Discussed by Authorities t NAVAL EXPANSION AND HENRY THE EIGHTH By fly THEODORE MAR MARBURG BURG Former Minister to Belgium and Authority on International Law T The Tho b world I wantS want p pears ee and 1 th tb the whole o world foi gog on building r big big- I ncr If series and d bl bigger nr r armies Mr tr Ir Marburg i uses lb answer D to this riddle in the old ice desire for tor nation I of ot which Henry nr tb the w wu was one ona of ot th the th fret fint leaders Mr fro Mart Mar Mar- t berg Mra sees world p peace pc ae resting with Bight hundred bundred million doll dollars Isto Isto is iso to o 1 b be 6 expended on naval na expansion by u u. u in tho the next few years if tr the views of the tho administration pre vaiL valL The Th English foreign minister Sir Austen Chamberlain tc told Jd the ava assembly last Jut summer that hi lit country's army and naY navy were both oth below their prewar strength Our navy is Js far above e Its prewar strength Why Shy this further In Increase In cr crease cresse Are we arming arming- against Germany whose whOle fleet flet I. I at the bottom bot- bot torn tom om of the sea T Against France our ur ancient any anT Against J Japan who ha h. has no ute hostile Intuition Intentions and who if U she had them ta Is not ot so 80 foolish fool tool lab ish am as to believe that she abe could conquer a country which dunn a war had rals raised d an army of or five live million mUlton men and built up her ber nav navy from third rank rant to equality with the foremost A Against Fogland whose whole nest fleet stood by Admiral Dewy Dewey at Manila tanIl In J JUt IMS and nd prevented the Germans German wll with a squadron outranking outranking out out- ranking ours ou from MAA smashing us u. and ancl seizing Inc th tM the Philippines NOT THREATENED No We are not hOt threatened from 1 any quarter The Tb motive for naval expansion must moat be sought elsewhere else else- sebere se where bere in naval circles cirelle We cannot can can- not blam blame them I ii e it not natural for the technician tec t to seek to brIn bring hl his hi trade to the highest state tate of ot perfection for the specialist tO 10 imagine that hi hS hi specialty comet com for all others ethers 1 That In is why why w WV hat bar civilian civilians and not naval nt and arm Tn army officers officer as a. secretary of ot the rillY navy nd of ot war ar Among Amon arma anna armament ml meat ment t manufacturers Can we WC Mama blame the tb business man for tor favoring favor favor- II ing ilig conditions which will help belp his bs own on particular line Among Jingoes JID AI Alas Aiss Nature has ha denied denIM to him poor man that j quality Int Intellectual honesty which M lit honesty to J ca o oV ot of V V putting himself In the other fellows fellow's shoes he Indulges In spreading eug to catch votes otes and is blind to the fact that t the e true grandeur of ot nations is I. to be found In contributions to human welfare to the growth of ot the spiritual aswell as a. aswell well ell as the material side tide ot of life lICe and above all to growth of Justice Justice between man and man nan Justice of employer to Jus jut Justice justice tice thee written In the law and administered administered admin admin- in the courts Justice of or the government go to its people and Justice Jus jut tice tico of nI nation Uon to nation President Coolidge favors ors reduction reduction reduction tion of armaments and sought Bought It Jt atthe atthe at atthe the recent Three Power conference at Genc Geneva a Europe is also seeking a a. basis basI for the reduction ot of arma arma- ments ment Why this failure to get iet on with It I The answer Anner Is I. found In the vulnerability ot of European Europe n countries their great need In the tho light ot of a bitter experience for guarantees of ol security before they impair their own ability to defend themselves A GUIDING PRINCIPLE We need lift JUt but a corner of the curtain to reveal the tho nature of ot that experience It wu Cardinal Wolsey Wol Wol- sey HI who led Henry the tho to abandon his liS ally Uy Charles barles the th I Fifth fth of Austria and Spain when the tho tatter latter became me too strong and to side de with Francis Francie the First t of or France Franca From that da day down to the oP opening of ot the World war this hi principle of or the balance of or power was wa the Ut guiding arl principle of 01 the English foreign poUt policy Today Today- three successive prim prime ministers have proclaimed It It England's for sign IfO policy Oller I is k based baNd on desire to support and arid apply appl t th the principles of ot ott t the league of 01 nations nation nam namely I each for all aU and aDd all aU for each That change chan is a great historic event But Bat What concern n U. U tt h here r t. t the wa way in III which which which- the balance J e of p power theory undermined ed th the stability of treaties tru Through all aU th these thea centuries cen con tunes treat treaties were wore shifting sands sandi od Allies Alii won were soon oon en enemies and nd vice vlee v. v verse versa Under UDder Mary far Tudor En En- gland d was we an all ally of ln under Elizabeth at war wag with Spain OV overcoming over r. r coming coining th the Spanish army and so IJO acquiring for the first fir time her rank as a great reat power por Charles Charie CharlesH H cond made an n open alliance with the he Netherlands and H wed en against and Immediately entered Into nto a secret agreement u with Louts Louis Fourteenth to support him Allied with France toward t the beginning of the eighteenth ce century before It Its close cleM had boon hoen frequently Ire fre U at war r with her wor ion For yrs years Franco ro tailored fostered cS the Use i growth of ot Prussia as a bulwark against her hereditary foe Aus Aus- tria With Sith what result in 1870 2870 Italy was waa long a member of ot the C Triple Alliance in association with I Germany and Austria When the I World orld war began her government sought to wring concessions of ot territory territory ter ter- from her former ally Austria Austria Austria Aus Aus- tria as At the tho price of neutrality It Ii was the p people ople of ot Ital Italy roused to te teC indignation by this course who vho C forced their government to declare Itself and take sides with France rance and England Germany was party to a treaty which solemnly pledged her not only to respect but also allo to defend the tho neutrality of ot Belgium We Wo know what happened ned to that treat treaty DANGER OF SELFISHNESS Small group treaties have hUe been equally unsatisfactory The Holy Alliance started with the aim of 1 preserving tho the peace of Europe Europa it ended as all an Instrument of ot aba sion The concert of 0 Europe Europa was successful for a a. time but Lut failed tailed in its It attempt aUe to prevent either r the first or second Balkan wars Why Because In so small a a group it Its It's Is too easy ealY for selfish h interests to tri trl ni- ni I Ii Li the light ht of this record one ono Isled is isled led to the tho conclusion that only the tho universal treaty will stand the tho test tt Europe continues continue to make snake treaties in pairs pair and small mall group treaties but i is it a cause for tor wonder that they are slow alow to accept them as n a substitute for tor their own armies and navies in time of danger Js JI it AUr surprising that France Franc exam Ie Is I. not content with tho Locarno pact poet but demand demands the universal definite and detailed guarantee rantee such as the protocol of Geneva which would have ban back of ot It the whole league of nations nation before she he will viii to ta a ra al t re of 01 her bei army As Ac for us U. us we are practically unconquerable unconquerable un un- un- un eo conquerable b by any ny single Inal power or likely combination of powers powe Our defense needs needa are negligible c corn corn- m. m pared Dared with Eurol And yet t w we hesitate to follow the tho only course which will bring a sense of ot security to the world woi-id namely that of ot lining up with our sister t nations in a un universal uni versal guarantee guarante of peace eu our potential po- po strength and prestige e are arc so o immense that peace would then hen in indeed in- in n. n deed dead be secure If we take that step tep we can have all iii th Ute the reduction of ot armaments we ma may want The World war was wu not of our maId making Wo We 0 leaned backward beckward In Inan inan an liD effort tort to o hoe keep out Of ol It Ii and were Inevitably drawn In Why K ste cause caust we were slaver sire of 0 circum stances stance tan It Jt is f. p pon possible to j IlO IlOn masters master of ot circumstance I In n one way It ran t I. don delis fN for internatiOnal t so universal or CopyrIght 1827 co o lm L per Syndicate Inc |
