Show YOUTHS CALMLY PLANNED LJ CRIM TRIAL I HElD g WITHOUT I i GALLING CALLING JURY When Slayers Plead Guilty the Court Orders O-ders T j esti I m mony ny Taken to Fix the De Degree S roe of Punishment PunishmentS Punishment'S CHICAGO GO Sept 1 10 lp By U. U P. P P.- P. i T The disappearance of Robert pranks ranks year old schoolboy was I j first brought to light on oh of May In 21 21 1924 when Jacob Franks Roberts Robert's father reported to police oll e that his son had not returned home ho from school I if r Later that same evening Franks Franls received a telephone call from flom a man who said he was George Johnson Johnson John John- son son instructing him how to proceed proceed pro pro- In finding little Robert The next mornings morning's mail brought a n letter letter letter let let- ter which gave more complete In- In Both the telephone call can calland calland and the letter assured Franks Frans that his son was safe and was being held helel for tor the which his kidnapers were demanding On the the- morning of May 22 22 hours after Robert Disappeared disappeared-a d-a d a railroad worker nd body of ot a bo boy partly part- part ly Iy covered with water lying under fu Io culvert near the southern south south- erzi ern ern city limits Police were at atrice rice once notified and Franks was called to the morgue He Identified the body as that of Robert Robert had been death with a chisel An Intensive search for the slayer was started at once Two people said Bald they saw a man loitering around the Harvard private school Robert attended on the afternoon afternoon afternoon after- after noon noon he ho disappeared This man was said to have been driving up and nd down th the streets in an automo- automo bile SONS MENThe MEN The Tho wealth nd a-nd and social position of the Franks family Franks family Franks Is Js said to to be many times a millionaire millionaire- gave the case caso great notoriety Several instructors at the Haryard Har- Har yard ard school were held In custody for forR p. p it number of ot days das on suspicion that they knew of ot or were connected I with the murder Not until a. a a week leek af after ter the boy vas as murdered were Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb both sons of millionaires millionaires mil mil- and both precocious s college college college col col- lege graduates arrested and held eld in ln connection with the crime Leopold Leopold Leo Leo- was traced by me means ns of at a a. pair of pf horn rimmed spectacles which were were found near the lonely culvert f L Leopold and Loeb stoutly denied nY knowledge of at the crime Leopold Leopold Leo- Leo p ld said he must have dropped the glasses while on a bird birr hunt In that vicinity i a sate sald sai he was as student a-student a t fo ra ornithology arid and vis vis- o had often Hrdi the culvert cul ett Both boys gave apparently substantial alibis They told to d of ot driving In Leopolds Leopold's auto auto- mobile fc-mobile le on the afternoon and eve eve eve- of ot the murder of ot picking up k 1 a and d of dining of-dining dining and drink drink- Jat ng-at ng at a at a notorious cabaret 1 when hen len Sv Sven n Englund the Leopold ch chauffeur was called In He told States State's Attorney Robert E. E Crowe I the machine e named by the boys i ravas In the Leopold garage on the day of the crime Confronted with their shattered alibi Loeb was the first to break lie made a a. full fun confession conCession Implicating cating Leopold Leopold quite calm- calm made a similar confession when was told his companion had down ie he e amazing confessions of the to young Intellectuals In which admitted there was no motive mothe I the he crime except the adventure I of fit dt were given attaches of the states state's attorneys attorney's office as dawn breakIng on the morning of pray t 31 They They told of the boys' boys de- de to treto commit the perfect crime ref of t their lon longing ing fora for thrill of their I careful plans pians' of their search for a I 1 and finally of ot how they en- en I ced Robert Franks Into a a. rented tented I automobile heat beat him over the head with a chisel took the body to a a. T place on the south side un- un dt It it p poured acid on the face to prevent identification hid th the body under und r the culvert ulvert and and- then addressed addressed ad- ad dressed the ransom letter to the I victims victim's father h UNIQUE UNIQUE RANSOM PLAN 1 their plan for coll collecting the 10 10 ransom In Itself was unique f lo F anks was to place the money in ina l a cigar box board a certain train tain ona 0 certain day sit i In a sp specified 6 seat Beat lind 0 a at further nate of xi In a a telegraph blank receptacle recep recep- I cle proceed to the tho rear platform f the train and when len he be reached 1 d a specified if d dve sign some dis taD tance e from om Chicago was to throw the thee plo mox money ey off oft The boys planned J b tie waiting nearby seize seizo the lIa package kage and nd escape They planned d I Franks Franks was pr pre pre- to follow tollow these Instructions when e l he he to found his Jils son son had been slain slain- V. V A Leopold STathan Sr millionaire head fad of Qt the the- IC Paper Box com com- Jany tany H. H Loeb multi mutU vi vice e pr president of at Sears R ebu k Y ly fathers of the hy confessed slayers engaged Clarence pe Darrow Benjamin and v alter Bachrach r Bachrach to prepare their sons eons defense tt t r ral weeks Attorneys mem ers of the two tWo families decided Nathan and and Richard Were were unfit to to mingle In Ut society and decided dei de- de i f to no rio attempt to set them fr free This decision however wa n t made public made PUblic until July 21 w wh attorneys n were called bo bei be- et Justice e John ohn R R. Caverl Caverly to enter motions Then J f was was' that Darr Darrow w. w sprang his great gre surprise greats Surprise e changing the boys boys' pleas from m not guilty to guilty In Ino sq o Darrow admitted the boys t ere ere legally sane and his efforts confined re to saving his clients from ni the tho gallows and the Insane asylum if By the boys boys' pleas of guilty a jury was not necessary nece and upon Judge averly alone rested the fate of ot Leopold and Loeb Ire Ie ordered at- at 8 for or the state and d defense JL present prese l In aggravation and in mit mitigation gation of the punish punish-i ment States State's Attorney Crowe Insisting 0 I that the slayers should be hanged for what he termed direst direst direst dir dir- est murder placed more than ninety witnesses on the the stand relating re relating relating re- re lating In detail the murder and the confessions that followed Darrow arguing only that Leopold Leopold Leopold Leo Leo- and Loeb should be sent to prison called a group of ot noted note alienists and psychiatrists to the stand In an attempt to show that the although boys boys although legally sane sane sane- were mentally Irresponsible BITTER LEGAL LEGAL Only after a bitter legal battle with States State's Attorney Crowe was Darrow allowed to enter this medical medical medical medi medi- cal testimony in mitigation of ot punishment for the two slayers In admitting the experts' experts testimony Justice Caverly ruled that they would not be permitted to testify relative to the sanity of the defendants defendants defendants but could tell of ot any conditions conditions conditions condi of the mind which might be considered in mitigation I Dr William A A. A White of ot Washington Washington Wash Wash- ington D. D C C. was the the- first of the defense alienists He told of ot his examinations of ot Leopold and Loeb and declared his opinion was that both were mentally diseased Dick Loeb it was according to Dr White wh who contributed the crimin- crimin tendency to the murder compact com- com pact Leopold he said was simply the slave of Loeb In one of the most amazing de defenses defenses defenses de- de ever er entered for for- murderers In hl an an ancourt court Dr White said sald that Leopold and Loeb were victims of childhood fantasies Loebs Loeb's fantasies fantasies fantasies fan fan- I ho he said led towards the He Imagined himself himself himself him him- self a great criminal leader of a al l large rge and desperate band He pictured plc- plc hims himself lt in Jail stripped of his clothing and tortured before the public gaze This torture the doctor said gave Loeb a thrill His Isis ambition was to to commit the I perfect crime FANTASIES OF BOYS I Leopold according to to White Dr 1 w was s tar far mo e J intellectual than Loeb His HIO favorite rite fantasy was th that t of or the king king and nd slave In which he most often was the slave and Loeb the king He felt Loeb was greatly superior in m many ny ways ways to himself oJ It wa was Va the combined result of or fantasies these fantasies Dr White said which caused the murder of Robert Robert Robert Rob Rob- ert Franks Loeb suggested the crime Leopold consented to assist him as a a dutiful slave Following Dr White on the witness witness witness wit wit- ness stand was Dr William Healy of Boston who corroborated In detail the testimony and conclusions conclusions conclusions con con- of ot the Washington alienist Dr Healy told the court that both botI Leopold and Loeb in his opinion were victims of psychosis psychosis psychosis-an an an unbalanced unbalanced uni un un- i balanced mind I Dr Bernard Glue Glueck k of New York Tork Cit City was the third defense alienist He likewise corroborated the testimony testimony tes tes' of Dr White and said the thebo bo boys s 's In his opinion were suffering from split personalities He explained explained ex ex- this b by saying that In both cases their theil Intellect and their emotional emotional emo emo- lional powers were at such great disparity that the personality y was wasI diseased I or split LAST EXPERT WITNESS Dr Harold S. S Hulbert of Chicago who with Dr Karl M. M Bowman of Bo Boston Bolton ton conducted the first and most thorough h examinations of the two boys was the last defense expert witness Following closely the outline outline outline out out- line of tho the Hulbert Bowman Hulbert-Bowman Bowman report which had been submitted to the tho theother theother other alienists alienIsts Dr Hulbert went deeply Into the examination examination examination examina examina- tion of the defendants i Dr Hulbert said he found young Loeb was strikingly immature immature- that he still sUlI has three of ot his his' baby teeth that he has hM to shave only twice a week we k and that his pituitary lands is-lands glands were functioning mally many I. I Leopold Leopol he tie said was precociously precocious precocious- ly developed His glands of ot h internal internal inter inter- ernal er- er nal secretion are hi big hie body Is Js too heavily covered with hair hair and his feet are flat From th these se facts and m many ny others oth oth- ers which he herel rel related ted Dr Hulbert said gaid he lie came to the conclusion that both Leopold and Loeb were mentally mentally men men- tally abnormal CALLS CO COLLEGE STUDENTS In addition to these four doctors D Darrow called a group of college students students- students friends friends and former companions companio companions com com- s of Leopold and Loeb They testified concerning the habits of the two murderers testimony murderers testimony in intended intended in- in tended to show that Leopold de deot devoted devoted de- de voted ot d his life Ufe to the 1 philosophy of the tha super man declaring that the super man was above tho law and that Loeb way was ex exceedingly nervous as a a. college student often fainted an and l. l read cheap detective stories or 1 Foreman oreman man Leopold and Allen Loeb older olde brothers of the two slayers and Jacob Loeb Dickie's Dickte's uncle each testified briefly each showing that Nathan and Richard had plenty of ot money to spend and that they did not therefore commit the crime for forthe forthe forthe the ransom mone money This the de defense defense defense de- de considered showed that the two boys killed Robert Franks just justas as the they said themselves themselves- themselves tor for a thrill Crowe plat placed d his own alienists on on the stand to level the defense medical medIcal medical med med- I ical structure Among them were pro Dr Hugh T. T Patrick and Dr Archibald Archibald Archibald Arch Arch- I II I Church who testified there I Was as nothing about th youths to uphold the defense theory of or abnor abnor- mality Nathan Kathan and Richard while of ot ht high h Intellectual attainments attainment are I ordinary youths with extraordinary i leanings the state stale f held J |