Show t it 1 t 11 7 r 3 Kif ij 7 t v t y P. 7 P 1 r e ft r r j o t l' l i r v tf J fir I v r ja t t ff i j V 1 q v s. s A f t te t l 2 rM N. N A w W 1 tH rIV rI k v i 7 i V It 4 j W f THEry THE li-fE ry of Artie Lures Lures' Explorers Explorers' to Far Fai North ls ASSET Me June Jane 16 1 Probably rob rob- V ably apy bh the tto question most often asked of explorers is Why do YOU jou ou goi go go- r Because i he ho has ha missed only ony two it out of or the last fifteen years ears In the i Arctic Artic because In 1908 he volun- volun y ti illy relinquished his profession as as a college professor at Worcester academy to sail north with Peary Feary on his memorable dashto the pole Dr Donald B D. ll l MacMillan seems to stand forth orth preeminently as the man manto to to answer the question v Even now he Is outfitting hist his t e nine eight foot toot schooner to sail for tor the Arctic on June 23 3 Jle will spend months locked In the Ic Ice Ic Here Is Dr MacMillan's answer Tho average mans man's conception of or the north Is so forbidding that he Is naturally puzzled to know why the expenditure of thousands of dolt dolit dollars dol dol- t it lars ars and the loss of men should not deter the explorer Elt TilE THU FIRS FinST Drawing upon his imagination 4 and the harrowing accounts of ot our V early explorers the reader pictures a great white land swept by Ing snow driven by biting winds void of or all animal and plant life a dead world revolving beneath a long summers summer's sun and wrapped In the death like stillness and solitude Of ot the long dark winter night What good or enjoyment can SI possibly be derived from a Visit touch to such uch a land Is the purpose a search serch for mere adventure for valuable valuable val val- uble mineral mineraI for tor lands rich In resources re- re 4 sources for tor scientific knowledge or ori p. p i rely purely geographical that geographical that is an accUrate ac- ac w ft curate plotting of all aU lands upon the ther thet t r w worlds world dI surface e u r Lue were 0 our first Arctic explorers Those hardy mariners more than a thoUr thousand thou- thou r t sand a. a d 3 Jears years ears ago dared to turn the t J-t prows of ot their open boats north- north I It Mard vard through scattered Ice floes toWard the land of the midnight t fI sith 1 Eventually they beheld v. v stretching out before them that aptly ap- ap I ap-I apparently limitless and impenetrable of Ice and wondered what was beyond Man has wondered ever since and will continue to Wonder rj just so long as there Is a mountain that obstructs the vision or a point of ot Jand and around which he cannot see It 0 is the of ot the explorer to surmount the obstacles O of ot nature and to learn the truth GUES GUESSED ED AT Von lon AGES From the earliest times various conjectures have been rife rite as to What man would find a at the top of ot the world if he ever succeeded in attaining that distant point which many of our best students of ot Arctic history deemed Impossible In the dav dRs s of ot antiquity there were poetical I and mythical conceptions galore Such are always supplied where Ig Ignorance ig- ig norance rules For years prior to the discovery discover of the pole our own o scientists perc per- per c sl sited ted in th the belief of ot an open Polar sea lea Dr Elisha Kent Kane claimed t. t to have seen Reen It Dr Isaac Israel Hayes Bayes believed In It it Strong and scientific cJ reasons were advanced t. t for it It ft For many years man believed that if It he would only persist in going go- go 0 Ini ing on over on-over over the Ice ce pack at the perI perIphery per- per I I 1 of ot th the Arctic ocean finally i he would be rewarded by br the sight Bight I of or blue water over which he could sail to the joyfully pole The British north pole expedition tion of 1876 elaborately equipped had faith in this mythical open sea and started bravely northward from I the shores of Grand Land pulling their I heavy b boots through and over the pressure e ridges of the p Polar r basin I I N DROP nuni SCURVY One bv by one they dropped with scurvy curvy brought on by exhaustion with their heavy load Fortunate Fortunate- ly one man had strength to summon summon sum sum- mon mon man relief 4 There existed in this country for f several years rears a a. Hollow Earth club m men n who believed that our earth was a cylinder in shape By sailing northward and thence Inward they argued man might reach the In In- In 1 tenor of the world There he would Mould find a great race of ot pe people living as comfortably and as prosperously as ourselves The aurora or northern northern north north- em ern lights they explained were the i I LI T Captain Donald B. B MacMillan i L 1 t 4 r. r i p t 1 a fc i 1 f I V M T 4 S t i L 1 X i I I reflection O of tf prairie fires in the in in- in tenor Prior to our sailing away from fron I 1 New York In 1903 1908 S Commander Commande o r I 1 r Pear Peary received a packet of letters letter S from irom a learned society To our surprise sur SUr- prise and delight they proved to b be ber u our OUI letters of introduction to th the 3 people at the north pole Scientists b believed that necessarily nieCeS the Polar basin was shallow One well known author and authority author author- 1 ity stated that undoubtedly there ther was a large amount of f land at the I polo that he believed our great ice ice- had their origin upon the shores of this landICE land ICE JUTS UP VP FELT FEET And Sc so on down n the centuries I nj IJ m man has 8 conjectured t a and the tho h trained I scientist has theorized as to Lo actual conditions in the Far Par North What has the explorer found What contribution has he made to add t to pur knowledge of this little world In which we live 0 Let me touch upon a microscopic part of what he has done When Peary disappeared up over the Greenland ice cap In 1892 no noone noone noone one knew how far tar northward the continent of Greenland extended Many believed to the very pole It Itself itself itself it- it self and even eyen on across the top of or orthe the world nearly to the shores of Siberia When he returned months later he had defined the limits and the altitude of ot the great Greenland Greenland Greenland Green Green- land continental ice cap an area of half haU a million square miles attaining at attaining at- at taming a height of 10 feet a great Ice Sahara which graded down in thickness until the day came camf when he stepped down from I Ithe the Ice into a rolling country of ot J I bumble bees butterflies flowers and I herds of ot musk mus-k oxen JI I J I COO PLANS IN BEDS Ten years ears later he rounded the most roost northern end of t this great land placing it upon the maps of or the world as being being- located three hundred and eighty miles mUes from the pole I Within 10 degrees rees of the pole we find coal coat teams seams twenty-five twenty to thir thir- ty feet teet in In thickness and in these deposits more than 60 fossil plants I Looking at those great reat barren hills of oZ the Far North one can hardly conceive that at one time they the were covered with a luxuriant growth of trees that less than miles from the pole I Ithe a temperate and even warm climate prevailed But Bu such I Is true as evidenced bY bv the fossils I found among the sandstones and I hales s some me 2000 feet teet in thickness I There grew rew the poplar fig sassa sassa- fras magnolia oak walnut laurel b bech ech spruce elm dogwood eucal eucal- I I tulip cypress hazel and redwood red red- 1 wood of ot California What t h tremendous changes I through tho the ae ns as this little I world speeds through spaces space For I in th se same Fame hills 1200 feet teet above I the crushed Ice of or the Polar sea we find clam clani shells Proof that a at I one time land was all ocean bottom bot hot I I i tom I AM COVERED 00 YEARS YEAnS f I I I When Greenland and I Land were vere w with Ith forests and I those now Ice lee filled waters were I as blu blue and free as ae the waters ot off our own co costs where was that I mathematical point known las as the I north pole pole Was Vas the earth at a I different rent Inclination to the suns sun's I rays or did warm ocean currents I flow northward and over the top i of ot the world I The northern part of North I America was at one time covered I with 2 square miles of ot Ice I and anti remained covered for 25 I y years ears ars This had happened not once I but at least five times with wit an I Ial period of ot 7 to I OO jears rs The caus cause caus f o J oon on J N i L really knows Will It happen again Why not not Greenland Is Is today covered with an ice cap of ot square miles in area Hero conditions may mav be studied and are being studied to help the geologist In his conclusions amos as to the cause of ot the great Ice ago age and the probability of ot Its re re- re turn ith th interest we note that all aU glaciers laciers in north Greenland and In re land are again ad ad- ad and have ha been during the tie I la last lalit t seventy years As Aa all glaciers In the Alps and Alaska are retreatIng retreating retreating retreat- retreat Ing geologists can hardly credit our observations OOOO FEET AM D AMO O NO When hen Peary reached the tIle pole what did he ha find A vast mass or of drift ice slowly moving from the northern shores of Siberia across the top toj of the earth and flowing south between Spitzbergen and Greenland No land at the pole pole pole- there never has been at that particular par par- I point as was Vas proved by the fact that through a a. crack In the Ice Ico he lie dropped a a. lead to a a. depth of or feet teet and found no bottom 1 One surprise after another aw awaits alta th the Arctic explorer Six months of or j I continuous sunshine works wonders I TV Even en at th the edge of the Polar sea I j the snow now disappears from the land Every valley Is a rushing river in July Grass clothes the hills and yellow vellow blue and white flowers are sprinkled d Upon tipon every sunny slope Th The botanist reports more than varieties beyond the Arctic circle Irele The birds birda return in May literally millions of ot them some even flying to within miles of the pole It It- It seif sf to build their nests lay their eggs never before seen bv hv the white Iman man and priceless In value MUSIC MUSh OXEN I rATTEN AlTE ON OX J GRASS I I I And And there to the surprise of the naturalist we WI found great rEat herds of f musk oxen fat tat and In good Food condition condi condi- I tion even in the darkness of he he the winter night They live on frozen grass In wind swept areas and under under un un- un- un I der only a few Inch Inches s of or snow There also algo we wp found toun herds of or white caribou carbou white wolf droves of ot Arctic hare White and blue foxes lemming ermine polar bears seals eals white whale and walrus Hardly quantities Iua a Jako ako of o ct char that did even t nn not within lf contain i tal 10 degrees q of qt the pole Life Lite In the water Is enormous more abundant even than in tropical waters but not equal to the number of or southern south south- em ern species in variety The facts bron brought ht back b bv by the Arctic explorer fill up some som of the blank p pages pes es In the lives of ot the birds and animals of North orth America There are facts to the physical and Ica 1 conditions condi condi- at the top of the world facts rel relating to the geology raphy topography of or that part of our globe g These arid the knowledge knowl- knowl td edge edra e of the tle ways and customs of or the natives who iho have lived there for thousands of years vears are all of ot Inestimable inestimable In Inestimable In- In estimable value TIlE THE rR GEDY Or OF I They justify the tle expenditure of or money leads to the I lation of or knowledge upon which no t tI I I cne can place a a. value for tor It Is be I yond dollars and cents Arctic literature alone justifies I the tho expenditure of ot every cent Perhaps Perhaps Per Per- haps the most stirring tale of or all aJI Is found In the annals of or Scott here we have the greatest picture In all A Arctic a and nd Antarctic that history that of ot Captain Scott and his hili men standing at the south pole with their faces farEs black with frost The They had walked the whole wh dis tance of ot seven hundred miles had pulled their sledges up over the great ice cap to a height of ot 10 feet Although they had won out they were defeated men There In sight was the Norwegian flag flap planted one month before by bv Amundsen J They began their long homeward journey plodding wearily back toward toward to- to to-I to I ward their hut at the edge of the I 1 great groat ice barrier A blizzard came on They were only twenty miles from a big cache of food But strength th had failed and there they lay lav In their tent listening to the roar of the tho wind and drifting snow I I J I JI I J I I I I I I I I HERO'S HEROS nos no's A Xi IE A MB A HI LIVE One man b bj by the name of ot Oates Gates with badly frosted face tace fingers and feet had been struggling for tor days daysI I to keep up with the party and was I j I often otten assisted by bv by his companions I I Ho Ito Knew he that if it n goI go- go I lIng lag Ing on they would continue to sacrifice sacrifice sac sac- I I themselves to help him I I Addressing the leader he said i I hope I wont won't wake up In the the- I morning He lie did wake up but his I mind was made up lIe He turned to I Captain Scott and said r f I am going out for a short shore time ITo walked away disappearing In the drifting I snows He lie did lid his best that his I companions might reach Teach home i Months later three remaining I men Scott Bowers and Wilson I Were Vera found frozen buried beneath I the folds of t their tent The name of Oates will live through the tha years to awaken In the heart of every boy the tho best there is in himIn himIn him In our forthcoming expedition W we are not attempting any circus sunt but have mapped out a definite program of ot RADIO U WATCHED SlY The Carnigie Institute again iu is sending its representative t Richard Goddard of of Winthrop Mass Maes to tomake tomake make malte a study of or terrestrial magnetism mag mag- and atmospheric electricity We Ve also Intend to study ornithology glacIology ard arid botany and to ob obI obtain ob- ob tam tain a series of ot educational photographs photographs photographs photo photo- graphs of ot bird and animal life In addition millions of or r radio dlo users will be Interested In our radio experiment In seeking to I Keep Inconstant in inconstant constant nt comm communication with the outside e world through the aurora or northern lights Many experts haw contended that this titis is sible T This ls experiment should dim elim inato speculation and and substitute certaInty We hope hop that our radio ments mente and study of atmospheric electricity will help to throw some further light on the tha effect of atmospheric at- at conditions on radio re reception reception reception re- re and transmission I 1 hope I J have haye at lea least t partially J powered d the question as to why I men mer go north for exploration I r I i ij C |