| Show PBBIDHnKXHGL AX ABLE STATE DOCDIENT AH the Loading Xatiocll and International Inter-national Questions Comprc Iicnslielr Treated INTRODUCTION WASHINGTON De 21SS9 ASI G To The Senate and JloutcofJlrprt tcnialircs There are few transaction In the administration of tho government which are even temporarily held In the confidence of those charged with tho conduct of tho public business busi-ness 13 very step taken under toot to-ot of an intelligent and watchful people The state of the Union is known from day l day and suggestions an to Iced legislation I legis-lation find an earlier voice than that which speaks In these annual communications com-munications of the President l I Congress IXTERXATIOXAIi KKUAT1OSS Good will and cordiality have characterized our editions and correspondence cor-respondence with other governments govern-ments ati < l the year just closed Avcs few international questions of Importance remaining uuad Jute No obstacle Is believed to exist that ran long jxwtponc the consideration and adjustment of the stillpending questions upon satisfactory satis-factory and honorable terms The dealings of this government with other states have been and should always x marked by frankness and sincerity Our purjiosca are uvowetl and our methods free from intrigue This course has home rich fruit in lie past and it i our duty 8 a nation to preserve the heritage of good repute which a century of right doing wIth foreign governments has secured to us UK a matter of high significance and no less of congratulation that fl N l t the firetycia of the second century j j j of our constitutional existence finds us honored guests within our borders bor-ders the representatives of all the Indcjiendeut States of North and South America met together in earnest ear-nest conference touching tho best methods of perpetuating and e I Kiuding tine relations of mutual lute lu-te l and friendliness extended among them That the opportunity thus afforded for promoting closer I international relations and the Increased in-creased prosperity of the States represented will b Used for the mutual mu-tual good of all I cannot permit pnnlt g myself l doubt Our people will pple mark it with Interest and confidence the result to flow from s auspicious I a meeting of allied and in lento 1 t l > r identical interests The recommendations of this in i ternational conference of the en lightened statesmen will have the I attention of Congress and its coo eration In the removal of cup sary barriers to the beneficial intc I course between tho nations of i America but while tho commercia results which it Is hoped will fo low this conference n worthy of pursuit and of thu great interest they havoexerted It is belIeved that the crowningbentflt will b found in the better securities which tle lUer serte whih may be devised for the maintenance II I wean the American nations annul the settlement of all contentious by methods that ChrisUaneIvilizaU can approve While viewing ssttii Interest our national l resources and products tie delegates will I mn sure find a higher satisfaction In tho evidences of unselfish frIendship frIend-ship which everywhere attend the intercourse with our people Another international conifer care having great possibilities for good has lately assembled and Is now in session in this Capital An invitation was extended by thIs government under the net of July I 1S5S to all maritime nations t send delegates to confer touching tin revision and amendment oft lies rules and regulations gonrling vessels and to adopt a uniform stern s-tern of maritime signals The response t the Invitation ha been very general and very cordial I Delegates from twentysix nations are present In the conference and they have entered upon their usefu Work file great zeal and with an ardent appreciation of its Import ance So fr as the agreement 1 be reached may reouire leirislatl to give it effect the cooperation r Congress is confidently relied upon I is an interesting and uuprec dented fact tnt the two Intel natlo al I conferences have brought hen the accredited representatives of thirtythreo nations Holiest Ecuador Ec-uador and Honduras are now to presented by resident eiivovs of tine plenipotentiary grade Thee states of tie American system now maintain diplomatic reprcsentaUo at this capital In this connection it may be noted that all the nations of the western hemisphere with ono tx ceptlon fend toWashlngton envoys extraordinary and ministers plen poteuUary Icing tho highest grad accorded to this government The United State on thu Unilc Stt contrary semi envoys of a lower grade to i some of our sister republic Our I representative In Paraguay am Nicaragua is a minister resident while to Bolivia wescml a minister resident and consul genera In view of the importance of our relations with the State of the American system our diplo malic agents in those countries should be of the uniform rank of envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary Certain mis lions were F elevated by the last Congress with happy effect and I ctt recommend the comnletlnn of the reform thus begun with the Inclu slon also oC Hawaii and Ilayti In view of their relations to the Amer lean system of States I also recommend recom-mend that timely be aJI provision mad Wo for extending to Hawaii an Invita ton t b rpnJmk 1 In the international inter-national conference now sitting at this capital tlls cpil1TIC TIC CHINESE Our relation with ChIn have lie attentive consideration which heir magnitude and interests demand The failure of tine treaty negotiated under the admin stration of my predecessor for the iirtheraud I more complete restric lon oi jntnesc inner immigration annul with it the legislation of the last session of Congress dependent thereon leave some questions open which Congress should now ap preach in that wise and just np which should characterize tho rela lon of two great and friendly ewers While our supreme Inter eats demand this exclusion of a I wring element which experience iras shown l be incompatible scum i our social I life all 1 ekps to i compass our imperative needs should lie accompanied with a roe snitiou of the claim of those stain goes not lawfully among us to hu iiinc and just treatment The accession ac-cession of the young emperor of China marks waniay hop an era of progress and prosj > crity for thu great country over which ho Is called to rule I TiE SAMOA 1EIAXLS The present elate of affairs In nth unff rei > nct to the Samoan lslatidsj J r is encouraging Tho conference i encurln which was held in this city I In the summer of 1SS7 between the representatives of the United States Germany and Gnat lirltaiu has been adjourned because of the persistent per-sistent divergence of views which were developed In its deliberation wer denlop ThejulisequentcourHj of events In Te CUf the Islands give rise t questions of serious character On the Ith of February the tjcrrnan minister at this capita In bcluilfofhls government govern-ment iTopcstd rrsumpUon of the conference at brunt Tills II propoM tlon was as Congress in ton r accepted a Cong February List was informed 1 Pursuant t the understanding thus reached commisitohers wen Witli the advice appointed by and 111 nddc and consent o the Senate who proceeded ceeded t Berlin her the conference confer-ence was renewed TJie deliberations enc delibera-tions extended through several weeks and resultol 1 In the coliclu t sou of a treaty whIch will bu wi mitted to the Senate for its approval I trust that tine fort which hare been made to cfTccI an adjustment of this question will be productive of the permanent establishment es-tablishment of law and order In Samoa upon 1 basis of the maintenance mainten-ance of upn rights and interests of hue natives The qucsUous which have arisen during the lost few rears between Great Jiritaiu and the United Plates are in rJwyance or InCUr In-CUr o nqjiHciunt il FISIIEHIUS On Uie part of tho governmeutol he Dominion of Canada an tflVcl has liven aiiixoicnt during the seasons Just ended to ndmlnWcr tine laws and replications applicable io the fisheries with r little occasion for friction n possible and tho temperate temper-ate representations or Sis government govern-ment In rvfpeel oi cases of undue hardship orof harsh innterprvtation ° lave been lu most cases met with measures transitory relief It Ii n f OfIO trusted that the attainment of our just rights under existing treaties eroxJ ned in vlrture of ties canttirreat legislation of the two contIguous countries will not bo long deferred and that all JUng causes of dir erenM nay be equitably ailjustitl 1 recommend that provision bo made b v an International agreement for a visible marking of the water Iwuml viIble soy between the United Stales and r auada In the narrow channels that join the great lakes The convcu tonal line therein traced by the northwestern boundary survey yvars ago I noli la all caws readily seer ainablc for tho retUcmcnt of juris iiUonal questions KXTBAWT1ON A just and acceptable enlargement enlarge-ment of the lIst of ollcuse for which extradition may 0 claimed and granted is mot desirable Ixj weds this country ali Great ilrit am in The territory of ccilher should become a secure Siarlor for the evildoers evil-doers cf the other tliroiiuh any p tale bhortcoinins in this n garth A new treaty on tInts tubject etwccn the two powers hal mol recently uegotlatal and will scent l > e aid before i Senate OIISTKVCTLSG CUMJIiaiCK The Importance of the commerce I j of Cuba alt Porto hike with the I I United States their nearest and I principal market justifies the ex Inncrl that the existing relations I may be beneficially expanded The 1 Impediments resulting l from vary Ilug dUC01 navigation and from the vexatious treatment of our vis I scis on merely technical gtoundb of complaInt in thc West India lorts I should bo removed The progress gross toward an adjustment cf pens ig claims between the United States and Spain Is not n > rapid n1 could bdcln l I HAiLllOADS AtlMMII Questions nfllng American in ertxU in connection with railways constructed and operated by our citizens in Peru have claimed the attention of this government I is url l that oUier governments in proving Peru to the payment of claims have disregarded the property proper-ty rights American citizens The matter will bu carefully investigated with Iew to secure proper and equitable adjustment Irpr A similar issue is now itirJ inns wiUi Portugal l1 Tim lelagoa Hay railway iu Africa was construciwl Under the concession by Portugal to an American citizen and when nearly completed the road was seized by agcnbj of the Portuguese government A formal m guese goemment pro teat has been male tlirouth our minister at Lisbon against this act and no proper cllort will lc spared to afoot peeler relief I NICAKAGUAS C AL In pursuance of hue charter granted by Congress mil under the terms of its contract with titus government gov-ernment of Nicaragua Ihit Inter ocean Canal Coniimiy has begun tin j oustructlon of the important waterway between the two oceans which its organization contemplates contem-plates Grave coraplicaUons fora time Fccmcd imminentIn View of a suppontl 1 conflict jurisdiction lie tatcti JCicarngua and Costa Rica in regard to the accessory privileges t b conceded by the latter republic toward tho construction construc-tion of works on thus San Juan River ties rigid lank of which is Costa Rica territory I am hnppy to learn lint a friendly I arrangement has been effected two bl ertc lxtwecii tine imtiors This government has lucId itself ready to promote in every proper way the adjustment of all questions that might present obstacles ob-stacles to the completion cf a work of such transcendent importance to the commerce of tints country and Indeed the world to the commercial iutcrcsUef worl worll 1AIHS KXIlObTlON The traditional good feeling be l tween thin country aud the French republic ha re elves additional tcsticioiiy I In tine tattlcinatlcn of nth our Bovernmcnt and iicoplc In the international exposition held at Paris during thu jost summer Tho success of our exhibitors has teen gratifying Tho rifucsloftliocom misMon will 0 laid liefore Cougrew In due reason TIC Son ThAnk This government has accepted under proper reserve a to It polic in foreign countries the invitation of lie government of Keluitim to take teat In on international con jns which ojvnsnt Hrusscls on the Ifth of November for lie Itth Xoembr llO purpose llrJu of devising measures to promote tho abolition of the slave trade in Africa I To prevent the shipment of slavix b y se our interest in the extlnc lou of Uie crime against humanity In the regions where it yet survivis las been incruaed by the results of emancipation dlr within our own hoc FOIIEIUX inILTxuN = s With Germany the meat cordial relations continue Die questions arising from tine return to tho em > lreof Germans naturalized In this country have been considered anti disposed of in ti II a temper ate spirit t tine entire tempr fiction of both governments glrmenl It is a source of great satisfaction hat tine internal disturbances in the republic lat are at last happily tided and that n apparently table government hiss been cousU toted It has been dul lte I Ias bl duly recognized by the United Slates mixed commission is now in session In this capital for tine settlement settle-ment of long standing claims againuat hue republic of Venezuela nj t Is ol hoi > ed that a satisfactory conclusion Or1 lie speedily reached This government has not hesitated to express Its earnest desire that the boundary dispute now existing between Great Britain and Venezu cia may b adjusted amicably and In strict accordance wit thehlstoiic title oC the parties Thus advancement ofthe empire Japan has been evidenced by tine recent promulgation of a new con tutiou valued for elwlou yaUI guarantees of liberty and providing for a respon stale ministry t conduct the gOY rnment I is I earnestly recom ended that judicial rights and irocesses In Cores 0 established on a Jinn lends by providing the machinery necessary to carry out err treaty stipulations In that regard The friendliness of the Persian ovcrtimcnt continues to bo shown by Its generous treatment of Amen can citizens engaged in missionary labor C and hy eng tle dispcsltlon of the Shah to encourage the enterprise enter-prise of our citizens in tine development develop-ment of Persian resource A dlscuraran is In progress I touching touch-ing jurbdlctional treaty rights of thin I United t States nl Turkey An earnest effort will b made t define these rights to tIne satisfaction of those governments SATClttinzATlOX Questions coutlimsio arise in our relations with several countries In rv jrt to the rlrlits of natural iieU citizen ri Kqually I Is this thocasv with Franco Italy Hue I Mr aud Turkey and to a liss extent with Swltzcrlnnd From time t i time earnest efforts liave bwn aiade to regulate I this autject b couven I ton An ImjinXr use of naturalization naturali-zation bhwlld not 10 l permitted but It is Important that those who have been duly naturalized should everywhere every-where b accorded a recognition ol the rights appertaining to the ciUzation of the country bf their adopliou Tlio appro prialenwfl of tiscbl convxntions for that purpose hi i recoiinlfccd In tie treaties wbteh Uib government has concltditl with a number of KutDieaii levers and It Ii advisable advisa-ble that tIne difficulties which now arise in our relations with other countrieson tho camcsubjecl should t nimilarbj odjUttctt Tlln 11HAZIIJAN KKVOjtmOS Tho recent revolt In Brazil in favcr of the establishment pf a ro imbllcan l fonu of govcrunicnl is an event cf great interest to Uio tulietl Slates Our min hlci at Itlo Do Janeiro was at once instructed to maintain friendly I diplomatic relations with the provisional government and the lirazillan rcpnseutativesof tlierapl tal n try instructed br provisional Kovenmreril to cohtiiiuo their functions func-tions fr friendly intercourse with llnizil has therefore sulfentl no Interruption In-terruption Our minister has been further Inslructeil to extend on the 1 part of this government n formal and cordial recognition of tho new 1 republic so soon as the majority of the people Jtranil shall havcsignl I lIed I their cccut to Its establKliment mnlnlinnnii m mu NAT10NAI 1ltOSInrlTV Witiiin our own border a Kciicml condition of piwperily prevails The hirvesU of the last summer were exceptionally abundant and th trdecntilofl now penlngMD to promise Successful season to thou merchant and themauufacfunr at well r general employment to our working inople TnF StuVata rcioirr The report of the Secretary of tho Treasury for the liscal year ending June 30th 1SSU has been prepared and will bo presented to Congress Con-gress I presents wiUi clunrnesa tine fiscal operations of the govern N nient and 1 arl niyself of fo to obtain ob-tain rome acts for use her The aggregate ag-gregate receipts from all source for 11w Uioyianventf3S7OWt05SSS4derived as follon s From custom S 3Sn2 TllUS remit internal ruvvnuv siP 151392 from miscellaneous fur Rncnsgn23 ct5 i6o1l The ordinary expenditures for the MUIO jieriod were S2SlKHtH5tX and the total exi > eiiditiires iuclud lug I the sinking fund were S3295799ff5 The excess of re edits over expenditures was after providing for the sinking fund 3Sl7ul359 For the current fiscal year the total re venues actual and esUmatetl nuns f3T5WOOOt and the ordinary ex pcnMitures actu pl mini estimated are S293UUU000 making with thin finking fund a total expenditure of 3113 111009 lxpndlJuo U31I69 leaving an estimated Fiirplus of SJX075SS3nl tl SSS311 Uuring the fiscal year thero seas ip > Iieil to the purchase of lunds In addition to three for the Inking fund 00 Vi1723 aud during thi first quarter of the current year tin Him jf j3TS3S03777 all of which were credited to the sinking fund The revenues for the fiscal year ending July 30 1SOI are estimated by tine Treasury Department al SSS5700000 nnI the expenditure fur to satinb < erlod iucludiiiK the Sinking fund at 31143047770 This showsan estimated surplus for Uiat yearof S 1356052230 which more likely to lx Increased tlinu reduced re-duced are written when up the actual tiamactlom Tim rxhtence of so large an actual ac-tual slid anticIpated surplus should have the immediate attention of Congress WiUi a view tw reducing the rvcciptsof the treasury to the needs of the government as closely n may b The collection of moneys not needul for I > ublic uses Ini > oscs an umicces > ary burden urn our iwiplc and the practice ol so lirge aturpliMiu tlio public I vaults in illiiiirbing element in the conduct con-duct of private bushier U ha called 1 into use cxpedicnlg fur putting it into circulation of very questionable propriety We Should not collect revenue for the purpose of anticipating our buds beyond the requirements of ties sinking fund but any unappropri ated surplus in the treasury should be so used ns thero is no other Kn fulnny of returning the money to circulation and the profit realired by the government oilers Ll advantage ad-vantage The gl loaning of the public funds to banks without interest upon security url of government lends I regard as an unauthorized and dangerous expedient results In a temporary and unnatural Increase in-crease of the banking capital of favored CJItl vored localities anti compels 1 cautious cau-tious and gradual recall of deposits depls to avoid Injury to commercial inter it ts It is not to be expected lhat banks having IheM Uepoeib will Jell bonds to the treasury so i 36 the present highly beneficial benefi-cial relation is I continued They now practically get interest on both interest and proceeds In circulation ali thu debits now otiUtaudlng should lie gradually gradu-ally withdrawn and applied to tho purchase ot bonds It Is 1 fortunate that such 1 HSO can 0 hindu of tub existing Surplus and for some tlmu to come of any casual surplus that may exist After Congress has taken the necessary steps for a r I duction of the revenue such legislation shwild be lelsllon bQll b promptlv but very considerately enacted TIIt REVISION I recommend a revision of our tarifTlaw both In its administration features mxl In the schedules Thou need of the former U I generally conceded con-ceded An agreement upon tin evils and Inconveniences to ho remedied re-medied and the best methods for their correction will probably not bcdilllcuU Uniformity of valua ton at all our norts Is scounniam siu effecUve measures ltrq should he I taken sccurcILI hstquallydsslrablethat I questions affecting rates and classifications classifi-cations should b promptly decided The preparation ofa prrton ncwschedulc of customs duties I a matter of great delicacy because of t effect upon tho business of the country andjls 1 one of great difficulty by reason rea-son ot the wide divergence of opin ion as t the objects that may b promoted 1 l such legislation Some dlslurbaucs of business may per liaie result from theconsideratlon hnll frm thecn idemton nf this suiject by Congress but tills temporary ill effect will b reduced to a minimum by prompt action and tho assurance which the country enjoys lint any necessary changes will b t made a not to impair the just nnd reasonable pro tection of our home Industries The inequalities of the law should be adjusted but the protective idO principle J Chile should bo maintained and fairly applied to tine products of our farms as well a to prouc hof These duties hare necessarily a relation to other things besides the public rcvcnuis Wo cannot limit their effects by fixing our eyes on the public treasury alone They liave a direct relation to homcproducUon to work and the commercial Independence Inde-pendence of our country and the wise and patriollc legislator should enlarge tie field of his sis ion To include all these the necessary reduction of our public pub-lic revenues can J am sure b made without making the cmallcr burden wore onerous Uian the larger by reason of tine disabilIties nUt limitations which the pieces of reduction put uiwh loth capItol > aud labor Tha free list can very 5afeJJj cxtiiriJcU by placing thereon there-on tmlcles that Ho not offer Injurious coruMtUIon t such domestic products pro-ducts a < 5 ourjinruc labor rnn fujjjy The rcmovarpf the Isl Uii i lice upon tobnccQ WGjiM rclctt ah im upn iwrtantacrlcunural product from a uuriln lilih was Imposed posh lo cfUso bur roysnuu from cuitom duties tras laMsnldent for tine pub lie tientla Provision against fraud Iloa Irlon nglo of the can bo devised I The removal tax Upon spirits I used in the I f loan and In manufactures would I also oiler an objectionable method of mincing the Mirlun HJI1hlli inwisv i euhnCo1JTIO A table lilt nted by the Secretary Secre-tary oftha Trconirj iJiowhiR tho amount of niuncy of all kinds iu circulation 11th year from 1S7 to ties present time Is of Interest It appears that lie amount of national baucTuolw III circulation decreased de-creased UurlHg that period flMIOO T2 cf iclir70229 9 is I changeable change-able to the list yeah Tlio wHlulftital of bank clrcula tloh Vlll nccearlly continue under exMlu coudlttbns It is I probable Hint thus ndotUou of the sngseftlous Jlllld t ll made by the Comptroller of the l curruucy vK I that tine mlnlmun deposit or hoists for the cstabllsh miiil of hnuts bvreducedi and that an mueof Hutch to tho par vnluo of thebonJ be allowed would help to maintain the batik circulation but while this withdrawal of boSh notes has been going oil there has been a J rtaJ increase Jn the amount I of gold and silver cclu Jn circulation i and in this issues of gold and silver certificates The total aw tint of money of all hinds in circulation 011 itnrch 1st of 1S7S tyas tsYi ISO while on Oct bcr 1st 16S9 tIne total amount was SMI 018000 There was antIs creaseof2it4l7iinn gold and of 5765tllK In standard silver dollars dol-lars of 72311219 In gold certificate certifi-cate of 2i6010 713 In silver certificate j cer-tificate hind bf SI IOT787 in United States notes making n total of JTIrt 070403 There sans during tile anile pcrloU a Ucercase of J1H 109f2D In lank certificates and of IHZfSJ iu Eubsidiary silver sil-ver Thus net increase wasVJ9224 ion The circulation per capltn has increaftd about lIre dollars during the lose cuvered by the table nf ferred to Thu total coinage of silver I sil-ver dollars was on November Itt lust J343KSStOI of which S2SV 539S2I were iu the Treasury vaults 1 and SCOOU 4SOiirero In clrculAlIon I Of IhunuiaunMn tIne vault 277 nilm vrtre reprisenteU by out rbindlng silver certificate leaving 1219577 not la circulation aol not represeutcil by certificates TIne law recjuiring the purchaM 1 by the Treasury of two million dollars dol-lars worth of silver bullion each month to be coined Into silver dollars dol-lars of 4121 grains has been observed ob-served hy the department but neither President Secretary nor any of his predecessors Inns deemed it safe to exercise tile discretion given bylaw increase lie monthly I month-ly purchaera to four million dollar 1 When thu law was enacted February 23hK IbiS the price of silver in the market was 10110 per ouuccy making the bullion value uM ifI u1or ur of tine dollar 33 cents Since that time the price has fallen as low as 512 I cents lr i ounce reducing tine bullion value of the dollar to 70 cents Within thu lost few months the market price has somewliat nd vanced and un the first day of November last thus bullion valuo of lies silver dollar was 72 cent The evil anticipations which havoac ivmpnnied 1 the coinage arid use of the silver dollar hare not been realized As a coin it hag had general use and tine public treasury has teens l colniielled 1 to store ft Ixit this U manifestly owing to the fact that their naixir rcnn < nLi tires aru moru convenient The general nrceitauco bud use of tine silver certificate shoes that sliver not otherwise credlted under MJihn favoriibte < Circumstances has contributed to the hiaintcnaucc of the equality of commercial relations between gold HIM tilvcr dollars but tome of thcM archaic conditions that statutory enactments do not control and of the continuance of which wu cannbt be certain I think it Is clear that if wet we-t make the coinage f liver at the present ratio free wu must ex ict valucj tlmt of ilinertnces gold and silver in tile dollar bullion I will be taken adyautago of in commercial tmneactionn and 1 fear the tame remit re-mit would follow any considerable increase of U < o patent rate of coinage coin-age Such a result would too l > dLs dreditable to out financial nutnagc tl mcut and disastrous to nil buahuto IntrnslK Weeliuuld not nest the dangerous cijjo cf Mich n peril anil indectl nothing uiore hanuful could happen to tho tlver interests Safe legislation upon this subject must secure Sheeimanty of the t < > o coins In the ccfjinerclai uses I have always been an advocate of the use of silver In our currency Wo are large Vraduccrs of that metal and should not discredit it To the plan which will J be presented i t by the I Secretary of the Treasury for the Issuance I of notes of cert III cnte3ti n the deposit of filrcr bullion bul-lion at its nurkVl value I hate Uth able to give only n ho ty examination examina-tion owing to the pnts of other matters nnd to the fact that It has been to recently formulated formu-lated The dctiiiU of such a law will require careful consideration but the Kenenil plan suggested scones to satisfy the parposo to continue the use of cllvcrjn connection with our urrenl Iilill itJlle mme time to ohvlnte thoilangers of which I hiveFpokcn At a jatcr day I may communicate fyrtji lir wIth Con grcei ou IhlsSuljvej CXCLl tll CmimNrr The enforcement theChincsc exclusion ex-clusion act has been found very dint cult on tIne iwrtlircttern frontier Alvictorialbey find It easy to pass our bonier nosing to the impcsi blllty witli Uie torrent Uio command of the customs olllccrsj of guarding so long an inland line Tho seen t1fJ of Uiotrcashry has authorized the cnnploynsentlufaidnttonal forces 11 0C r Jt rdl who will be aligned I to Uiis dutv and every ellort phiL be made to enforce the Mir Tho dominion exacts a head tar of 50 for each chinaman landed null when these persons In fraud of our law cross into our territory nnd are np pnhcnded our officers do not r mt know what to do with them l as tine Dominion authorities will not suffer them to be rent hack without n second sec-ond payment of the tax An effort will be mado to reach an understanding under-standing that will remove this dif ficulty TIne proclamation required by Section 3J of tho Act of March 2 IbSO relating to the killing seals I and other fur bearing animal was taucd i by me dn tile 21st tiny of i March and a revenue vessel was dls patchctl otol enforce the laws and protect pro-tect lie intorest of the United States The istalilkhmtrit arefuce station at Point Harrow as directed by Congress was uccessfiilly cs bblishltICOAS1 COASj lEVIBSES Judged by modern standard we are practically without coast defenses de-fenses Many of till structures we have would enrlmnrf rather flume diminish the iitrils tftilc garrisons garri-sons it subjected to the tire of the improved guui aiid very few are so located as to give fun ctfect to the greater range Of iucli guns as we are now making for coast defense This general subject hess rccelve Iiai = consideration In Congress for years and the approprialion for tim cootrucllou of large guns made ono year ago was I am cure thu expression of a purpose to provide suitable works in which these guhs might bo appointed ap-pointed I An appropriation made for that purpose i would mutt advance the completion of works beyond our ability to supply them with effec tire guns The security ltfe our coast cities ncnliift foreign attacks should not rust altogether In the friendly dlpcslUohof other nations There should be n second line wholly in our own keeping 1 urgently recommend wn appropriation this session for the comtructiin of such works in our inuch rr > o xl harbors I approve the tuggesllou of tho Secretary of War that provisions be made for encamping companies of jmtjonal guards in ode c ast works for a specified time each year and for their training In the use of heavy gun Ills BUirgctUon that an Increase of th artillery I force of ol army t > dcsirablo 13 loo In this connictiou commcndeti to the consideration con-sideration Congress RIVER Atm IfAlllSOIt JMlKOVE MKNTS TIne improvement our important import-ant nJr and harbors rhoillJ lie promotctl by tine necessary oppro priatiors Care should be taken that thu government Is l not committed commit-ted to the prosecution of work not to ixiblic and general advantage onr fut and tho lIgener usefulness of works of this class U I not overlooked over-looked So far this work can bo even said 10 be completed I do not iloutt that the end would bu poonvr nnd more economically reached if for rivers the works were undertaken at the came time and those selected for their grunion general Inuters4 trcfb more rapldlr pLhtti to a completion A work considerably Ixguu should not U subject to tho risk and deterioration deteriora-tion which Interrupted or Inuifll clcut appropriations necesartly oc cojlon ASSAUtT OX JCST1CK KlOl Tlio L assault mado by David S Terry on tine person of Judge Field of the Supreme Court of the United States nt iUirop Callforub in August last and the killing of his assailant by a deputy United States marshal who had l > ecn deputed to accompany Justice Field and protect pro-tect him from violence at tine hands of Terry In connection with legal proceedln which have followed MiRgvit questions which In my judgment are worthy of ties attention atten-tion of Congress I recommend that more definite provision ho mado by law not only for tho protection of Federal cfilcent but for the full trial of rca r-ca ltI In the United 1 States courts In recommending such legislation I do not Impeach either tile genera I g adequacy of provisions I niado by the State laws for Uie protection of all citizens or tho general disposition of those charged with the execution of such laws to give protection to officers of-ficers of tho United States The duty of protecting Its officers as such and punching Uiosc who fls taUll them on account their official of-ficial acts should not be devolved 1 expressly l by acquiescence upon local authorities EVent which have been 1 brought to my attention happening in other torts of Uie country have also suggested sug-gested the propriety extending by ft fe tl f legislation fuller protection to those who may be called as witnesses in courts of the United Slates The law compels thosu Who arc 1uppuMtI to have knowledge of public cffenscs to attend upon our courts and grand juries and give evidence There is a manifest resulting duty that these witnesses shall I be protcted from Injury = l ft sf jury on account of their ustimony The Inn lIpUons of criminal offenses arc often renderel futile and tho punishment of crime Im 1oslbie 1 by the Intimidation uf witnessed wit-nessed IlnlLIIr nfcuw roll TIIK sciwuir COITKT TIle necessity of providing senile more speedy method for disposing r r 1 r of ca cs which I now conic for final adjustment to tine Supreme Court becomes every year more apparent and urgent Tine plan of providing tsnie intermediate courts having final appellate jurisdiction of certain classes of questions and cacf hap I think received a more general approval ap-proval from tine bench and lar of tho country than any other Without attempting todiscuss I details I recommend rec-ommend Uiat provision be made forties for-ties 1 t1bllshmentorueh courts JtIKll 5IAm The salaries of Judges of the district dis-trict court in many districts are In my judgment inadequate I recommend that all rucli salaries which are now below 5000 per annum an-num bo increased to that amount Ill Is quite true that the amount of labor performed by I these judges Is unequal butas they cannot properly engage In other pursuits to supplement supple-ment their Income salaries should bu high enough In all cases to provide 11I t J < lrbh vide 1 Independent and comfortable su lrortTlItS1l I JCarheft attention thoiilJ lie gitcii by Congress to the consideration of Uio question how far restraint of capital 1 commonly railed trusts p2fra LI r Itn f Is a matter of Federal juristllctlon when organized as they often areto crush out all healthy competition nnd to monopolize the production or Kilo of nn article of commerce and general necessity they arc dangerous danger-ous conspiracies against tho public good annul should bo made the subject sub-ject of prohibitory and even penal IcgUlatioii irtTKKNVTIOXVh CUPYRKIIIT The subject of an international copyright tI11st been frequently commended com-mended to thealteution Congress by my predecessors Tine enactment enact-ment of such a law would l > c eminently emi-nently wise and just XATEUAMZATIOX 1lWS Our naturalization laws should be so revised ni tc make tho enquiry Into tho character and gtfotl disposition dis-position towards our government of the inons applying for citizenship I more thorougli This can only be done by taking fnllej control of the examination by fixing IHe time for hearing each application and by requiring tho prtsenneeof some pile who shall represent the government govern-ment in the inquiry TIioso who are tho enemies of social order or who come to our shores swell the Injurious Influence and to extend the oVH practices of nutty association that defies curlawp should not only be denicil oc citizenship but a domicile r domi-cile cliT1m5 TUB NATIONAL nANKKLMT LAW The enactment national Kink nipt law of a character to IMJ a her manent part of our general legislation legisla-tion Is desirable It should lie slni plo In Its methods and inex > enlvc in lit administration lOSTAI JIATTKISS The report of tie Poslmastcr Gchcral not only exhibits the operation oper-ation of the department for the fiscal year but contains many valuable valu-able suggestions for improvement and extension of service which are commended to your attention Xo other branch of this government him TO close a contact with the daIly life of the people Almost everyone every-one uses thus service It oiferp and every hour gained In tine transmission transmis-sion of tine great commercial mails Is an actual and rofilhlv value that only tIon ned n-ed in trade can understand The saving of one day In tine trans miselon of Uio malls between San Francisco and Now York which has recently been accomplished Is an incident worthy of mention Tho plans suggested of a tu jen Ion of lie post ofilccs In separate districts dis-tricts involve instruction and suggestion and a ratingof efficiency of the postmasters would I have no doubtjgreaUy Improve the service A pressing necessity exUU for the ll r1sr I erection eta building for the joint uso of the department of the city l105tonIcc The department was partially relieved by renting outsIde quarters for part ef its force but Ills l again overcrowded The building used by the city cilice was never fit for Uio purpose and Is now Inade and unwholesomeThe unsatis qlJlteandunwbollfOmefheunstlls I factory condition of the law relating I to transmission through the mall of lottery advertisements and remittances remittan-ces Is clearly stated by tho Postmaster Postmas-ter General and his suggestion as to itt amendment should havo your favorable fa-vorable consideration THE JfAVV The report of the Secretary of tine Navy shows a reorganIzation of the bureaus of tho department which we do not doubt will promote pro-mote the efficiency of each In general satisfactory progress has been made In the construction of new shirs of war authorized by Congress Tho first vessel of the new navy the Ifolpttla was subjected sub-jected to very Ecvere trial testa and to very much criticism but it Is gratifying to to able to state SasS a cruise around tho world from which she has recently returned hns demonstrated tint she is a firstclass vessel oilier rate Tho reports of the recrctary show that of the while the effective lorce I navy b rnpiqiyliicrpaslu Ly reason of tbu imtsros01 SrJlIU and nInth n-Inth oi the new mlle the number of our shlpnon sea duty grows very slowly We had ou the 4th of March last thirtyseven serviceable ships and though four have since tl Jf fhI I been uiddsol t to tholhtthe total t hnvo not 1l11 Increased l because In the meantime four have I been lost or condemned Twenty nIx additional vessels havo l len aulhorlzeil and appropriated appro-priated for but it Is I probable tliat i lto when I completed utnrlist 1 will be Increased In-creased to fortytwo spin The oldemvoodcn ships are disappearing almost ps fast its the new vei cls are added One Of the new hlp5 may In fighting strength be equal to two jot tic old but It cannot do Lll7a llgl tfl cniWduliSstoo I Ills important therefun that we should amore a-more rapid Increase in the number serviceable ships I concur In the ommendatlon of tho Secretary Secre-tary that tins construction of eight armored LinIpS hitch cunlxwU and five torpedo hernIa be authorized TUB SAJIOAS WRECKS An nppallng calaniity bcft1 three of our naval vessels on duty at theHamoan Islands In tho harbor of AiJa In March last involving the loss I of four officers and forty seven seamen of two vessels the Trenton and VaiuJalut and the disabling dis-abling of the third the tpeic Three vessels of till German navy were also Iu the harbor shared with our ships the force of the hurricane hur-ricane and tulfereil even more heavily While mourning the brave IIN1n fllnJ1I fl cl officers and nieu who died facing wiUi high resolve perils greatcrthan those of battle It Is i most gratifying to state t that thecrcditof the American f Ameri-can navy fur seamanship courage ant generosity was magnificently Eutalned In tine stonnbrateii harbor har-bor of AIim INDIAN AKFAlnS The rejx > rt of the Secretary of UK Interior exhibits the transactions of lie government with the Indian tribes Subitanllal progress has been made in thu education of Uio children bf school age and In the allotment of lands to adult Indians It Is to be regretted that the olicy i of breaking up tho tribal relation and of dealing with the Indian as an individual did not all CfIr earlier in our legislation large rcserva lions arc held In command and tie maintenance of authority of the chiefs and head men have de nrlvii 1 tin Individual of cverv In centlvetoexenisethriftaiiden i rrgyj anti tub annuity has contributed an affirmative impulse toward a state of confirmed ioiii erism Our treaty stipulations should be nliserved with fidelity and our legislation leg-islation l should bu highly considerate of the best interest of an ignorant and a helpless eople j The reservations reserva-tions aru now generally surrounded hi white settlements Wo con no longer push the Indian back into r 1NI the wildcrncf1 and it only j romaIne by every suitable agency to push hint upwanis to wan Is n s lfsupx > rt hung and responsible situation For the adult the first step is to locate hint on a farm aud for the child to place him in a school School attendance should lie I promoted pro-moted by every moral agency and those failing should be compelled Tine national schools for Indians have been very successful and should be multiplied I and as far ccx possible should I I be so organized I and conducted to facilitate the transfer trans-fer of Ito schools to tile States or Territories in which they are located lo-cated when the Indians iu a neighborhood neigh-borhood have accepted cltlcruiiip and have 1cen otherwise fitted fur such a transfer This condition of tilings will ho attained 1 slowly blit it I will I o hastened by keeping it in mind and In the meantime that coopern ation between the government nUll the mission schools which has wrought much good should be cor dually and impartially sustelneI l The last CongresM enacted two distinct dis-tinct laws relating to negotiations with the Sioux Indians of Dakota tor a rellnqulshment of a portion of their lands to the United States and for dividing the remainder into separate reservation JJoth were I aiMiroved on Inc same das March 2 The one submitted to the Indians specific proposition the other fsec tton fl of the Indian appropriation act authorized President to appoint ap-point three commissioners to negotiate nego-tiate with the Indians for the accomplishment ac-complishment of Uie same general purpose annul required that any agreement made should be submitted submit-ted to Congress for ratification On the Ifith day of April lad I appointed Hon Inns Foster lion Win Warner of Iot and Major Gencral Clue Crook I S A commissioner com-missioner under tho last I unnied They were howercrauthorieda < ul directed first to submit to the Indians In-dians the definite proposition by tho act first mentioned and in the event failure to securetheconscntof the requisite number Tho negotiations were long and arduous but the consent of the requisite re-quisite miml > crof tIne Indians was finally obtained to the proposition made by Congress although the report re-port of the commission has not yet been sutitaltted In view of there facts I shrill not as at preeint advised ad-vised deem it necessary to submit the agreement to Congress for ratification ratifi-cation but It it ill In due course of time submitted for information This agreement rclcprw to the United States about tXWCOiJ antes ef land The commission provided for by section 14 of the Indian appropriation appropria-tion bill to negotiate with the Cherokee Cher-okee 1 ndlnns and all other Indians Owning or claiming lauds west of the nlnclyslxUl degree of longitude longi-tude for the cession to the United States of all such lands wan constituted by the appointment ap-pointment of HonMiclus FairchUd of Wisconsin Hon Jno F Hart ran ft of Pennsylvania and Hon AlfreJ M WilKiii of Arkansas and organized on June 2tth last Their first conference with the representatives representa-tives of the Chcrokecs was held at TahlcquahJlily 20th with no definite defi-nite result General John F Hart rnnft of Pennsylvania was prevented pre-vented by ill health from taking part in than conference and his death which occurred recently is justly and generally lamented by n people who had served with conspicuous con-spicuous gallantry in sear amid witin great fidelity peace The vacancy thus created was filled by the appointment ap-pointment of Hon Warren U rfayrc of Indiana A second conference between tine commission and Cherokees was begun November Uth but no result has been yet obtained nor Is it believed be-lieved that n conclusion can be made The catllo syndicate occupying occu-pying tIne lauds for grazing purges is clearly one of the agencies responsible respon-sible for the obstruction of the negotiations ne-gotiations with Cherokccs This largo tody of agricultural lands constituting what is known as the Cherokee outlet cannot long bo held for grazing awl for the advantage ad-vantage of a few against time PUblic interest and the best advantage ad-vantage of the Indians themselves The United States has now under treaties certain rights in Uiose lands These will not be used oppressively but it cannot be allowed al-lowed lhat thoewhci by cuffcranco occupy these lands shall intertxcHi defeat the wise and lieneficieut purposes of tine government I ennnot but believe that the advantageous advan-tageous diameter of the offer made by the United States to the Cherokee Chero-kee nation torn full release of these hinds as compared with other suggestions sug-gestions now made to them will yet obtain for it a favorable cousid eration Under the agreement between the United States and the Muekogre or Creek nation or natlonn on Uie 19th of January ISbS an alisolutc title was secured by the UniteJ States to about three and a half million acres of land Section 12 of the general Indian appropriation approve March 2nd ISst mado provision for Uio jiurchaso by hue Uiilteil States from lie Sciulnolc of a certain cer-tain jortlon of their land Tine delegates uf the Seminolo nation liavlng Unit iluly tvldence to me their letter to act In that behalf delivered a projr relraw numb con s veyance to the one of all the lands mentioned in the act which was accepted ac-cepted Inrmb and certified to bo Iu compliance with the statute By lie term of both the acts referred to all the lands to j > urchas I were declared to hen port of hut public pub-lic domain and open to settlement under the homestead law Part of tine land eiubraccU In these pour cfiases being In the aggregate about five and a half million acres had already under the terms of the treaty of 1S W been acquired by the United Stales for the purpose of settling otherliidlau tribes thereon and had beeu appropriated to that purpose Time land remaining and available settlement consisted of lS5iW > acres surrounded on all sides by lands In the occupancy of Indian tribes Congress had provided no civil government fpr the people who were to lie Invited by iny proclamation proclama-tion to sctUe upon these lands except as to the new Court which bad been established at Muskogw or the Inlted States court in some pf the adjoInlngstatcsvlth lower to enforce en-force the genneral hawkof he Umnnted State In Slits condition of timlnugs I was quite reluctant to open the lands to settlement but in view of the fact that Uie several thousand person many of them with their lamilies had gathered upon Uie borders of blue Indian Territory with a view of securing homesteads on the ceded lauds aim that delay would involve them In much loss and suffering I did on the 23d day ofMarch last issue a proclamaUon declaring that the hands tinerein described de-scribed would be open to setUement under the provisions of the law On tho22nd day of April following at 12 oclock noon two land districts had been estahllshedand the ofllces were open for the transaction of business when the appointed time arrived iLls much to the credit of Uicsettlcn that they very generally observed the limitation 03 to the time when they might enter the Territory Cans will bo Ushers Shoot those who entered Iu violation of the law do not secure the advantage advan-tage they unfairly sought There was a goodilealof apprehension that the strife for locations would result in much violence aud bloodshed but happily these anticipations were not realized It is estimated there are now in the Territory about C0000 people and seeral considerable consider-able towns have sprung up for which temporary municipal governments govern-ments have been organized Uuthrie is said to have now a population of 5000 Eleven schools and nine churches have been cstablishedand three dally and five weekly newspapers news-papers are published Iu thIs city The charier and ordinances have only the sanction of voluntary acquiescence ac-quiescence of the peoplefrom day today to-day Oklahoma is proportionately as well provided ns Guthrie with churehrs schools and newspapers Other towns and villages having populations of 100 to 1000 are scat riNlnvir tlo Tnrrltnrv In order to secure the peace of this new community In the absence of civil government I directed General Merritt commanding the department of Uie Missouri to aid in conjunction with the United States marshal to preserve tins lance antI upon their requisition to use troops to aid Uiem In executing warrants and quieting any riots or breaches of lie peace hat might occur He was further directed to use his influence in-fluence to promote good conduct and prevent n conflict among the settler and that the sale of liquors should be restrained Regulations existed which would endanger the public peace and in view of the fact that such liquor must first bo introduce into the ndlan reservations before reaching tie vthite settlements I further reeled I i the general commanding I o enforce the laws relating to thi ntroduction of ardent spirits into he Indian country The presence of the troods has given a sense of icufity to tie well disposed citizens arid has tended to restrain the law ess In one instance tine officer Inn immediate command thotroops cted further titan 1 deemed justi iabl in supporting the do facto municii government of Guthrie ndhe was so iuformedalH directed to limit the Interference of the military Iii tlie suppurt of the marshals on this lines indicated in the original order I very unreutlv recom mend that Congress at once provide a territorial government for these reoiile cerioug questions which may at any time lead to violent outbreaks out-breaks are awaiting the Institution of courts for liielr peaceful adjustment adjust-ment The American gsntis for selfgovernment has been well Illustrated Illus-trated In Oklahoma but It is neither safe nor wise to leave these people longer to the expedients which have temporarily served them ALASKA Provision should lx made for the acquisition of titles to town lots in tJiwns now established in Alaska and for locating townsites for the establishment es-tablishment of municipal government govern-ment Only the mining Ian s have lieen extended to the Territory and no oUier form of title to lanUs can now be obtained Thogeueral land laws were framed with reference to Uie disposition of agricultural lands nml it is doubtful if Uieir operation In Alaska would be beneficial We fortunately have extended to Alaska no mistaken policy of estab INhing reservations for the Indian tf Jle nml can deal with them from the beginning as individuals with 1 am sure better results but any disposition of public lands and regulations relating to Umber add the fisheries should have a kindly regard to their Interest Having no power to levy tax eythe j eopleof Alaska are wholly dependent upon the general government to whose revenues the seal fisheries make a large annual contribution An aji propriaUon for education should neither be overlooked nor stinted TIes cnnnhinus of line population and tine distance between settlements offer serious obstacles to the cstab Ilholeut of tie usual territorial form of government Perhaps the organization or-ganization of subdistiict with a small municipal council of limited power for each would be safe and usefill Attention is called iu this counec titnnt i to the suggestions of the Secretary Secre-tary of the Treasury relating to the establishment of another port of entry in Alaska andof other needed customs facilities and regulations IASD LVWS In the administration of the land laws the policy of facilitating In every proper way the adjustment of honest claims of Individual set tlors on the public lands has been pursued The number of pending cases heard during time preceding administration has been greatly In cnascil under operaUonof orders for a time suspending final action in a large part of the cases originating in the west and northwest and by the subsequent use of unusual methods of examination Only thosc who are familiar with time conditions under which our agricultural agri-cultural lands have been settled can appreciate the ecriousand often fatal consequences to tho settler of a policy that puts hU hit under suspicion sus-picion or delays tIne issuance of his patent While care is taken to prevent pre-vent and to expose fraud It should not be imputed without reason The manifest purpose of the homestead home-stead and preemption laws was to promote the settlement of the public pub-lic domain by persons 1m vlngnbona fide intent lo make a home of the selected lands Where this Intent Is well established and the requirements require-ments of the law have been substantially sub-stantially complied with the claimant claim-ant is entitled to a prompt and friendly consideration of his case Hut where there is reason to believe that the claimant is the mere agent of another who Is seeking to evade n law intended to promote email holdings amId to secure by fraudu lent mtthods largo tracts of timber and other lands both principal and agents should not only Ins 1 thwarted In their fraudulent purpose but should be made o feel the full penalties of our criminal crimi-nal statutes The law should bo so administered as not to confound these two classes and to visit penalties penal-ties only upon the latter The unsettled state of the title to large bodies of land In thou territories territor-ies of Ness Mexico and Arizona lint greatly retarded the development develop-ment of time territories Provision should bus made by Iss for the prompt trial and final arjosU ment before a judicial tribunal or commission of all claims bastj upon MexIcan grants Ills not ito i-to an Intelligent and enterfrllDir people that Uieir peace should l disturbed and their prosperity me larded by thesw old contentions express the hope that differences ef opinion as to methods may yidt tl the urgency of the case TENSIONS The law provides a pension for every soldier and sailor who wa n muttered Into the service of th United StateS during the civil War and Is now suffering front waunutm or disease having an origin In tle service and In Inc line of duty Twc of the three necessary fo via muster end disability are usually susceptible of MT proof but the third origin Ii thus service la often difficult anti in i many deserving cases impossible to establish That very many ot tho who endured the hardships ct t t most bloody anti ardous cammiM are now disabled from diseases that had a real though not tractsti origin lu service we do not ilauu Besides these are anoUier class competed com-peted ol men many of whomserrej an enlislment of thefull threeytv ami of reenlisted veterans wt added l a fourth year of service wfcr escaped Uie casualties of battles aal the assaults of disease who we always ready for any detail were In the very batUe line of tiny command and were mustered sIn s-In sound health and have since the close of tho war while fighting with time same indomitable and It dependent spirit in time contests of civil life been overcome by disease or casualty I am not unaware Uiat thepenskm roll already Involves a very larye annual expenditure neither am I deterred by that fact from memos minding that Congress grant pensions pen-sions to such honorably dl charg t sailors and soldiers of service during dur-ing tie war as are now dependent on their own labor fur maintenance and by diseases or inability are la capacitated for earning It Many of them who would be included ia this form of relief are now dependent upon public aid and It does not in my judgment comport with national nation-al honor Uiat they shall continue lo subsist iil < m the local relief imiis criminntely given to pauirs instead in-stead of upon the special and generous gener-ous provision of the nation they served m gallantly and unstlf bhly Our iople I am sure will very generally approve such legislatIon anus I am equally sure Uiat the survivors of the army and navy will feel a grateful sense of relief when this worthy and suffering suf-fering class of their comrades are faithfully cared for There are defects de-fects In tine existing law that should be remedied To some of these tat Secretary of the Interior has called attention It Is gratifying to be able lo state lust bv the adoption of new ansi better method1 in the war department de-partment the calls of the pension office for Information as O the military and hospital records of claimants are now promptly answered and the injurious injuri-ous and vexatious delays tint heretofore here-tofore occurred are entirely avoided avoid-ed This will greatly facilitate the adjustment of all pending claims TIIK > KVV STATFS The advent of four new States South Dakota Xorth Dakota Montana Mon-tana audi Washington into the Union under the Constitution in the name month and the admission of their duly chosen representatives representa-tives to our National Congress Con-gress at the same session 6 an event as unexampled as interesting The certification of tIes votes cast ansi the constitutions adopted in each of these tate was received by me as required iu the Sth sectionof the act of February 22 lsy the Governors of said Territories respectively having after a careful examination found lust the several constitutions and governments were republican inform in-form and not repugnant to the constitution con-stitution ot tIme United States that nil provMora of the act of ConRrev and been compiled with anti than majority of the votes cast in each of life raPt proposed states was in favor of adopting the Con stilution I did so declare by a sep erale proclamation as to each as to Xorth Dakota and South Dafcotaon tatuniay Novemlier 2 as to Montana Mon-tana on Friday November S and as to Washiugloii on Monday November 11 Each of these State has within it resources the development of which will employ the cnergiesand yield comfortable sustenance to a great population Of these new Stales the smallest Washington stands twelfth and the largest Montana third among fortytwo In area fIne people of these 51tbs are already al-ready well trained intelligent anti patriotic American citizens having common interests and sympathies with the older states and a common purjiose to ilefcnd the integrity and uphold time honor of the nation THE isTEnSTATr coii > iissie > > The attention of tine interstatw commission has been called to thus urgent need of congressional legislation legis-lation for the letter protection et the lives and limbs of those engaged In operating the great freight lines of the country and especially yardmen yard-men and brakemen A petition signed by nearly 100000 railway brakriuvn was presented io this commission asking that sters ho taken to bring about the use of automatic brakts and couplers all freight cars At a meeting of State railroad commissioner and their accredited representatives held at Washington in March last upon the invitatoii of the Interstate Commerce Com mKion a resolution was unanimously unani-mously adopted urging the commission commis-sion to consider what can be done to prevent the loss of life and limb iu coupling and uncoupling freight cars and in in handling tile brakes of switch cars During the year ending June SO ISiS over 2 < XH railroad employes were killed in service and more than 20000 injured It is competent compet-ent I think for Congress to require re-quire a uniformity In the construction construc-tion of the cars used in interState commerce and tine Use of safety appliances on such trains Time will be necessary to make time iicttl etl changes but an intelligent and earnest beginning should be made at once It is a reproach to out civilization that any class of our workmen should in tine pursuit of a necessary and useful vocation te subjected to peril of life and limb as great as that of soldiers in time oC warBEfAlcntENT BEfAlcntENT or AGRICULTURE The creation of an executive department de-partment to be known as the department de-partment agriculture by the act February littab was a wise and timely response to a request which had long been respectfully urged by the farmers of the country but much remains to be done to perfect the organization bf the department so It will fairly meet the expects Ions which existed Iu this con neclion attention is called to the suggestions contained in the report of the Secretary which is herewith submitted The need of a law otlice lor the Department such as is provided for the other executive execu-tive departments is manifest The failure of time last Congress to make the usual provision for the publication publica-tion of annual reports should lie prominently remedied The public Interest in the report aud its value to the farming community I am sure will not be diminished under the new organization of the department depart-ment I recommend that the weather service be separated from the war department and established ns a bureau in the Department of Agriculture Agri-culture This will involve entire en-tire reorganization both of the weather bureau and the signal corps making of line first a purely civil organization and of the other purely military staff corps This report of thi chief signal otllecr shows that Iso work of the corrs on IU military silc has been > trrloratlng IlIsTllICT 01 cut ijeti The Interest of the people cf tie I District of Columbia bould i t to Jr l Iglit ff in t pre Lre fotron deration of tbb measure aI leclinstlii wlioJocountry HnI liig 10 < gjauro of Its own Ctlcl municipal or general its 1Kple mut look t > oiigrvs for the nu lalion rf tlicw concerns that arc IK subject of local control Our IcoMe hac lulortsU that Uiu ational Capital iotil b madtal tmdhe and lifiuliful anti above nil lit t itssKialonlcr Iiould L mail tI it tIThe The law regarding the sale of in tixicatin drinKs wlthm the Dis IrutMiouU lie re vised with a Di Iel > r lirmgingtliutriflic under stein unter strn gt limitations and control in tuon 01 me power con frn upon jut br the act making cn in i > j rorri itlon lor the expenses of the District of Columbia for the 3ar eiidig June gfjili 1SS5 I on VJ Ibl 17llIl > of August last np FlnI Jucolpli Htring of > np > Irk Samuel W Gray of Jthod Kl uul and Frederick i > Steamy of 1l ehusett three eminent nni ar engineers t examine and re lorl Upon the sy tcm of tewtrag nnt ro Ii4ing l in tho Diitrut of Column Colum-n Their report ittiich is not Jet < impletcd will b In due court submitted t Congress The report ol the rmluioner of the IJntric is herewith tan mltL Mi I and the itlLutioii of Congress is herewith i llitl to the Migglions to Can tress contained therein RLbs IH The projxi ition to observe the four hundredth immcrtarj of tie licoveiyof America hr l the open lruti worlds fair orexio > tionin 0 u of 1 fie ret cities uill lo 1 pn tented for the coiiiik ration of onl gre Tio value nod interest of Mich an ixjwition niay have a goirmHiit dlhl for promotion bj the gcntn 111entCn cji sumet On the Jb day of March Jt the iwlfccrvice Commission had but a single member The vacancies Were tied on the 7Ji day or iay in I since then the oinmiIon hap been industrious 1 r coin tliruiKh n ilh in adequate law execuung the Jaw Tie were a ured that a conlnl support would IK given them in t faithful and impartial im-partial enforcement of the statute and of the rules alit regulations adopted in nil of it Heretofore book of eligible ha been closed toe to-e erxonc except as certifications mre wide on the requisition of the appointing ofiicer This secrecy vas the seurecof much suspicion and many charges favoritism in the idmiulstratiou of the lau What issecret tu i always Suspected and whit is open can he l judged The conimisit M with the full approval of its member has now OJHUCI the list of eligiblis to the public The elimbles for the classified ht of rt ofliccs and custom cus-tom houses are now publicly iwUil t in the I respective i ofilces as are iiio the certification for appointments The punnet of tu c jell service Ian was to absolutely txciidi all others from n cojMderstion in connection Lnneclon with it than that of mint a tested ly examination The bu < liics jinneeds upon the theorj that Iwlli the uxamiuiun Itoards and thu appointing oflnira a tb > olutel > giiorant as t tlie political poli-tical Mews and associations of ill l rous on tin civil servile list 1 c is not to much to say however that tome of the recent cnn Mounl investigations have HJIIIO what shaken the pullic confidence in the impartiality of some of the MIeCtious for appointment The reform of the civil service will make no safe or satisfactory evidence sl facor lIdenr until un-til the present lau and its equal ad mimtmtion are well established in the confideiiee of tlel people I u ill l > c my pleasure n it is mj duty toN to-N that the law is executed mil fairness and impartiality I ome of its pro Nions have been fraudu lent evaded by appointing officers our resentment should not EJirgtst the repeal of the law hut reform in lie administration Ve Mionld hae one Men of the matter and holl it with a sincerity that is not nflieteil by the ioiibiJtrnlion that tin Ii1tY to which we tieloiigis for the time in tower 151 IIL SrIIlI Mv redecessoron the fourth day of January IS bj an executive order to take ellect Mnreh loth rought 1 the mlwaj mail service under the operation of the eivil service law Provision was made that the order shoul net takeefleet any sooner in any state where an eligible lit is Sooner obtained Ou the llthday of March Mr Iman then the only member of the com nmsion reported tome in writing that it would I not be josflble t have a list of eligible before May 1st and requested that the taking clfect of c the order be postponed until that time which was done subject to the same provi ion contained in the original order as to States in which an eligible list is sooner obtained As a result of the revision of rules and the new clauHicatlon and inclusion of the railway mail Fervice the work of the commission Ins been greatly increased and the present clerical force found to 0 inadequate I recommend that the additional clerks asked I for bj the ooramission Ins appropriated for the mtj The growth of thu country and the consequent increase of the civil iit have magnified this question of the executive roportionately It cannot 0 denied however that the labor coniieteti with tlis ncteo ar work is increased often to the isititof actual distress by the eud din all excessive demands that are made upon the incoming administration adminis-tration for removals and apiraiut ments but on the other hand bt that incumbency is a conclusive arsument for a continuance in oiiiii 01 impartialiti moderate fidelity to imblic cut alI a KIXX 1 ittamment in the discharge of it must be added before the argu 3rU Shouts is compete and when those holding administrations of ollice s i louduet tliem elvesjs to convince lust IiticalopixiieutstIiat no party 13u ider tiou or bias alievts in any av the diehargc of their public duties wi can more caohiy tee the dtln or removals I am sail fled hat in both in and out chash fied services great benefit would ac erde from the adoption of some s5 ttm hv vihuh the officer would r ciive the distinction and Itencfit hat in I private ernk > mcnts Ill from the exception ofallfaith fiilniss and efficiency in the ulls e1elency performance per-formance of dufi I hive iigestcJ to the heads of executive depart mints that tiny consider i whether a record might not Irs kept in cacti bureau of all those elements that are covered by the terms faith iilnexs and cfliciency and a rating mad showing the relative mints of dirks of each da this rating to In regarded as n test of merit in making the promotion I h3e also suggested to the lot nmsdr General that he ean upon the hIs of the reports to the dc jartment and of frequent in ° i > ec Iion indicate the relative merit of otmasters of each class They will wi b appropriately indicated in the of lcl1 register and report of the department de-partment That a great stimulus would thus be given t the whole service T do not doubt and such a record would b the best defense against removals from office J DLCATION The interest of the general government I gov-ernment in the education of the people fou nd an early expression not only in the thoughtful and sometimes some-times warning utterances of our ablest statesmen but in liberal ap I projnations from the common resources i re-sources for the support of education in the new IUppr Xo one will den that it is of the gravest national na-tional concern tint those who hold the ultimate control of all public affairs should have the liecessarj JlI intelligence wisely t dire t and de termine them National aid to education has heretofore taken Jlretfor tken he form of land grants and that corn the constitutional power of on rtss to promote the education of lii people is not Ic Ieple seriously quc que tiosd d I do not think thllk It mn be uf ul questioned when the fe tr i dunge t that cfn direct 1 > < > f iimiiei trim the public tie 1 ry that uch puLle It aid should U I ts thiiys has Iiecii Miggechxl lo some exceptional conditions excepUon cndiol Tho sudden emancipation of the slaves tile bestfwal bf the miflragl lt1 bf l rage which soon f followed and the Impairment t of the ability of lie nblty Stales where those new citizens were chiefly t be found adequate provided with educational facilities presented no only exceptional but unexampled conditions That the situation has been much ameliorated 1 there i no doubt The ability and Interest of tlie States have happIly hapIl I increased but a great work remains to b done and I think the general government should lend its aid As tho suggestion of a national grant inald of education grows chief IT OUt of tile Cfilldttlnne nnil nr Ta of tho emancipated cl slaves and their descendants the relief l as far ns iK > siblo while necessarily proceeding upon some general lines be applied to the need that suggested i It is essential if much good Is to be t accomplished that the sympathy sym-pathy and active Interest of the people of the htatcs should Ix enlisted en-listed and that the methods I adopted should be such a to stimulate and not t supplant local taxation for school purposes As one Congress cannot bind a succeeding in such a case and n the effort mu tIn t-in sonic degree b experimental I recommend that any appropriation appro-priation for the i uror bet be-t limited in annual amount and a to the time over which itistoeAknJ n well on the one hand to give local school authorities an opportunity to make thin best use of Ji lint years allowance on the other to dc lIver 10 fr 1nlIlo t I duly postpone tiea uniption of the l whole burden themselves RIGHTS Of Tn CDLonrn IEOHL The colored people did not intrude themselves upon us they were upn brought her in chains and held in lie communities where they are now chiefly found Io a cruel stave code happIly for both races they al are now free they x from a standpoint of Ignorance and rover ty which was our shame not their made remarkable advances in education and in acquisition nf trh TJH 1 u pie show n themselves u to b friend 1 I ly and faithful towards the white race under temptations of tremen dous strength They love their representatives in the national cemeteries where a grateful government gov-ernment has gathered the ashes of hose who died in its defense They have furnished to our regular arm regiments tto have won high praise for the commanding officers for cur e and soldierly qualities and for fidelity to the enlistment oath In civil life they are the toIlers of their communities tank lug their full contribution to the widening streams of jrospenti rrpri which the communities are receiving receiv-ing Their sudden withdrawal would stop production and bring disorder in the household and gen iruhly lucy do not deire t quit their home and their employers resent the interference of he emigration agent who seeks 10 fciimuiaie uili a desire But notwithstanding all this In ninny parts of the country where II the colored population I large the livople of that race are bj various arous I devices deprived of any effective exercise of their jiolilical rights I The wrong does net exi > end itself I I upon those whose votes are su pressed Every tn llenIJ in the Union j wronged 1 hn been the I hop ofevery patriot that a sense of justice nnd of respect for the Law I would work a gradual cure of these i flagrant evili Surely no one sup I hoses that the present can b up i i certed as a permanent condition I I Cft If it is said that these I I communities must work out his problem for themselves wo I I have a right to ask whither tiny I are nt work upon It Do they vugj gist any solution When and under 1 un-der what conditions is the blackman black-man t have a free ballot hen I Is he in fct to have tho e full civil I I rights which have so long been his I f u law hen is that equality of I I i suffrage which our form of gov nimeut jcUio secure to the electors to be restored This generation should conroireoub i solve these grave questions and not eavi them San heritage of woo to he next The consultation should roceeil 1 with candor calmness an 1 reat atieuce njion the lines of justice and humanity not of usjudice and cruelty > o question in our country can beat rest exri pt upon the lirm ca > c of justice and of lie law I earnestly invoke the attention of Congress to the consideration of inch mtaures wIth its well defined I Constitutional ixjwers as will secure naIl our people the free exercise of the right of suffrage and every other civil right under the Coustitu lon and laws of the United States No evil however deplonbli can ju tilj the o < eithueron II thieasiuniption ellrr on the part of the executive or of Congress of powers not granted hut both ivihi per blameable i nil he powers granted are not wisely I but firmly used to correct tliec evils The power to take the whole direction and control of the lection members of the House of lipresentativis i clearly given to the general government A partial pri1 and qualified siijirvision of these lections is now provided for lij isis and in my opinion this law may b streugthenix and extended to secure on the whole better results lancan attained bya law letting i all the processx of such elections Into Federal control The colored man should b protected in all of bi relations t the Federal govern lent whethero a legltimatejuror or witness in our courts witncs rur as nn elector of members of Congress or asa as-a railways peaceful traveler on our interstate JIKHCIIANT utisn There is nothing more justly humiliating I hu-miliating to the national pride and nothing more hurtful to the national rosptritj than the inferiority of onr merchant niariui compared with hit of other nations whose general resource of ealth and seacoast sea-coast line do not suggest any rea on for upremaci on the tea I wa not always and our pcoile are agreed I think that it shall not continue to b so I is not possible possi-ble in this communication t dis iCU i-CU Ihv causes of the decay of our shipping interests or the different UKhoJs b > which it is proposed to restore them The statement of a few welt authenticated facts and come general suggestions as to legislation legis-lation is all that Is practicable The great steamship lines sailing under the taj England France I German I tab and SpaIn and engaged pln gaged in foreign commerce were promoted and have since been and now arc liberally aided by grants of jublic money in one form or another an-other I is general known that the American lines of steamship have been abandoned to an unequal conte twith the aided lines of other nations until thiey have been withdraw with-draw or in thin few cases here the are still maintained l are subject t serious disadvantage The present situation is not the result of the fact that travelers and merchandise merchan-dise find Liverpool a necessary in lermediatc point between Xevv York and sonic of lie South American capitals The fact that sonio of the delegates from the South American States t the conference of Amen mii nations now in Fes ion at Wash ngton reached our shores by reversing re-versing that line of travel is very conclusive of the need of ueh a conference and very suggestive as t the frt and most necessarj step n In tho direction dirton of fuller and more beneficial Intercourse with nations mor that are now our neighbor not up on lie lines of latitude but up the lines of established commercial intercourse cmerIn OCEAN 3IAIL EEKIJCF AMI NAVAL atsirer REt1 I l I recommend that such appropna1 ions h made forth ocean asahI sen j t I vice in American nI urA steamshIps be lli itm our ports and those of Cnn Irul and South America China Japan Ja-pan and the Important Islands In bjth of the great oceans n will b liberally remunerative for the er vice reuderedand vlllencounge the fclabHshmctit and in some fair degree de-gree equalize the liances of Amen can hlkamshlp hus In Uiu rom tielltlan which they must uietL That the American states lying I I suuth of us will cordially coHirnte Iu establishing and maintaining such lines of steamships t their principal ports I do not doubt doubt prlcp pr Wo ywuld jdlso l makoj prorislou Frllon for a naval rceerrc to consist of such merchant ships of American construction shiP tonnage and speed n the owners will consent con-sent t place at thin disposal of lie government in case of need a armed cruisers England has adopted adopt-ed this policy and as a result can now upon nec slty at once place upon her naval list I some of lie fastest fast-est steamships in thin world Prope vessels would make thcirconccsslons into effective ships of war r easily I am an advocate of economy econo-my in our national expenditures but It I a mistake of the term to make this word describe a policy pol-icy that withholds expenditure for the purpose of extending our foreign commerce Thceulargemen and improvement of our mirchan marine the development of a sufficient suffi-cient body of trained American seamen the promotion ef rapid and b f r regular mail communication between be-tween thin ports of other countries and our on pr the adaptation ofi large and swift American mcrchan steamships to naval uses in time of war are puMlcjiurpgsts of the highest high-est concert The enlarged participation partici-pation of our jieople in carrying trade U lie new and increased markets mar-kets that will b opened for the products of our farms and factories the fuller and better employment of our mechanics which will result from a liberal promotion of our foreign commerce insure the widest wid-est possible I diffusion of benefits to 1f sl 1 it nil the Ktfir nml In lr our rwnnlf KvcryUilng is most propitious l foi the present inauguration of a liberal ant progressive policy upon this subject and w c should enter upon It with promptness and decision tho legislation which I have suggested it is sincerely believed be-lieved will promote lie peace and honor of our runt pe the prosperity and sccurit of lie people I invoke the diligent and serious nt entlou Congress t theeonsidira ion of these and such other measures a may IKJ prwented having these the-se great end in view Bb > JA > IIN IIAIUUSON |
