Show Orljm of the amcand OHireofJni lice oC Uuolcarc Our minds ull travel backward along a-long loiigjoumej thruugh the sto I ro 0 of Kiiglisli history whore the be mniutjuf the uf the olluu of Jus Jceof tho Peace will be found It jriglnated not in tuch an KngLind us we see today but in a laud wild jututored rude In 155 under thendmlnlstratlon f Our English Justinian Edward I there WA enacted the statute of kViuton or iuchester which no iessauthority than llallum declare to be the foundation of modern awL It recited that from day LO day n bbetk murders burnings and theft > e more often used than I they have heretofore and felons cannot be attained by the oath of I jurors Ac and enacted Hint hue niX tl I and cry ball be made ulna the comm Esiou of a robbery and that the hundred shall remain answerable answer-able for the etamace unless the felons fel-ons be brought to justice Bj the same act the highways were to be I cleared of trees and underwood fur I two hundred feet on each side I Thus Inddentilly are presented vivid pictures of inglaod8 phjslcal and social condition that time sb I hundred yearaago Parliament had abiding place as now at West minter but cat at dltTererif wInts now at Winchester then balls bury again at York etc The wildness wild-ness of the country is jointed ii the brushey wilderness penetrated with narrow road which were ought lobe widened two hundred Wet on each tide as a security for travelers against sudden attacks from robber Green in his il arger History says that It was to enforce the ob crvancc ef this act that kulglibi were appointed In every shire I under I un-der the name of conservator of the pence a name which an the ben edtof the local inagbtratea was I more sensibly felt and their rowers teem more largely I x IJX was changed into that which they still retain justices of the peace Hal lam says that tlie title conservator war > changed to that justice of the peace iu the reign of ward III If we go beyond these dates and seek to discover the forms of thu lowest courts among different 10 pies it is certain that we will not llntl any of them ether exactly 01 BUbktautially similar to that which we now deuomlusta justicu of the brace Among thu cirllcr Anglo Faxons even before their migration into Itritalu this court us the til lagemoot the common meeting e fits f-its IIUegers for justice as well as coth L government Above the vllbge moot were the hundred moot the folk moot web a court of all > C11 from the decisions of the lower Ihe village moot wu the assembly of all the villagers iu the higher moots the principle uC representation was preferred In the higher the priests piojalmed silence grouja ef ireiuieu stool around shaking their sIals in assent cashing shields iu applause settling matters intheeod by loud shouts ol Aye or Say The lowest court among thu ancient an-cient Athenians was a body called 01 tctsarakunta or fewfy coma Ingofasman persons chosen bj lor who held their courts success ivelj iu the several dittricU of Attica At-tica having cognizance of tile casts where the sum or value at stake did not ejected ten drachms or about two dollars Among the old Ito mans all the courts with exceptions excep-tions not necessary lien to refer to were under the Jurl diction of the Praetor a high elective official b > whom nsjlstaut Judges wcteappolnt ed annually lint only from the senate sen-ate but latterly from all conditions It may bo noted that these judges wereatthetamatlmejuroni Thus was constituted their very lowest judicial body In the tune of the Chritlan emperors the municipal and local officials had jurisdiction In minor cases and thoro WAS a class of petty official appointed b > the Kmjoior called judicct Jutland whose functions aTe not clear Tho utility of this oflicu has not been confined to English speaking people for example in ihe decree for the reorganization of thejudlcUl system of France August mod 170J judos de pair were created in Imitation Imita-tion of the English cfflcenof the same name They decide personal I causes involving no more tliantwey ty dollar The title Justice of the Pence JiBs not invariably mraut the same thing For instance according to ienlng county courts in Virginia during parts of the ISth century were holden by fouror more justices of the peace J3ut while varying allghtlynn method of their creation cre-ation and as to their powers and duties du-ties ills certain that thu ofttce Is substantially the ramo everywhere and specially In the distinctive value val-ue which attaches to theofllci viz the power to prevent breaches of the peace ana to examine persons charged with tbe commission of rime or misdemeanor to hold to bail to BnRtrec in the higher court or In default of ball to commit to ja1L9 attonai Alagatine |