Show I PRESIDENT OUTLINES ISSUES OF THE DAY Important Recommendations as to Legislation Made In Annual Message to Congress Larfje Part of Document Devoted to Corporations and Railroad Rate Legislation Relations of Labor and Capital Dealt With Fully The messago ot President noose roll road at tho first ses lon of the Fiftyninth Congress congratulates tho people on the continued prosperity prosper-ity of tho nation l > so relationship relation-ship and mutual I i itiico upon ach other of capita and labor are pointed out and the message continues con-tinues tnues Corporations Yet whllfl not merely admitting but In tatlna upon this It Is l alto true that Ifhero there I I no governmental leatralnt or RUpervlslon some of the cxcoptlonnl men use their energies not In ways Hint are for the common good but In WHJH which tell against tills common Rood The fortunes nnmiseil through corporate organization are now so largo nnq vest 1uch power In those that wield them an to make It 1 matter of necessity to give to the noverclgn that li I to the Government went which represents the people us a whole noma ctTcctlvn power of aupervlo Ion over their fower In order to Inturc a healthy social mill Industrial life very IIK corporation nhould hn l held re iponaiblo by and be accountable to some oer < ilsn KtroriK enough to control Its conduct I urn In no sense hostile to corporation I cor-poration Tills Is un age of combination and any effort to prevent nil combination combina-tion will bo not only useless but In the end vicious bccauco of the contempt for law which tho fnllurn to enforce law Inevitably In-evitably produces Wo should moreover recognize In cordial and ampin fashion the Immenso ROpd effected by corporate agencies In a country such as ours and tho wealth of Intellect CIr and fidelity fidel-ity devoted to their service and there fore normally to the service of the public by heir olllccrs and directors The cor jionilon has come to stay just ns the trade union ban como to stay Each condo con-do and him done great rood Each should be favored so long as It doom good But each should bo sharply checked where I nets against law and Justice The President shows the Impossibility Impossi-bility of the Individual states dealing I deal-ing successfully with corporation i greed and tho necessity of conferring power upon the general government oven to tho extent of 1 proper amendment amend-ment to tho constitution Ho says It has been a misfortune that tho national laws on this subject havo hitherto I hither-to been of a negative or prohibitive rather than an affirmative kind and still more that they have In part sought to prohibit pro-hibit what could not be effectively prohibited pro-hibited and havo In I part In their prohibitions pro-hibitions confounded what should be allowed and what should not be allowed It Is generally useless to try to prohibit all restraint on competition whether this I restraint be rgasgrablc or unreasonable and where It la I not useless I Is generally hurtful Events have shown that It Is not possible adequately to secure the enforcement of any equatell this kind by Incessant appeal to tho courts The Department of Justice has for the last four years devoted more attention to the enforcement of tho antitrust legislation I legis-lation than to anything olso Much has I rbeen ftccomOttaheil particularly marked nbe hW t ba toen the moral cttect ler the prosecutions prosecu-tions but It Is Increasingly r evident hat there will bo a very Insufllclent beneficial result In the way of economic change The successful prosecution of one device prosecuton to evade tho law Immediately develops another device to accomplish the sumo purpose What Is needed Is not sweeping prohibition of every arrangement coofl or mad which may tend to restrict competi ton but such adequate supervision and regulation as will prevent any restriction of competition from being to the detriment detri-ment of tho public as well as such supervision and regulation nq fvlll pro vent other abuses In no way connected with restriction of competition Of these abuses perhaps tho chief although by no means the only one Is overcapitalization overcapitaliza-tion generally Itself the result of dishonest dis-honest promotion because of tho myriad evils I brings In Its train for such overcapitalization over-capitalization often means an Inflation that Invites business panic It always conceals con-ceals the true relation of tho profit earned to the actual capital Invested and It creates a burden of Interest < payments which Is a fertile cause of Improper reduction re-duction or In limitation of wants It damages tho small Investor discourages thrift and encourages gambling and speculation spec-ulation while perhaps worst of all Is tho trickiness and dishonesty which It Implies for harm to morals and worse than any pos > lble harm to material Interests and the debauchery of politics and business by great dishonest corporations Is far worse than any actual material evil they do the public Until tho national govern Iovern ment obtains In some manner which tho wisdom of the Congress may suggest I proper control over the big corporations I engaged In Interstate commerce that Is over tin great majority of the big corporations cor-porations will bo Impossible to deal adequately with these ovIU I am well aware of the dlfllcultles of the legislation that I am suggesting and of thl need of temperate and cautious cautous action In securing It I should < emphatically emphatic-ally protest against Improper radical or hasty action The first thing to do Is to deal with the grta l1t corporations engaged en-gaged In the business of Interstate transportation trans-portation As I said In my message of Dec 6 last the Immediate and most pressing need so far as legislation Is concerned Is I the enactment legislaton of some scheme to secure to the agents of the government such supervision and leRUlatlon of the rates charged by the railroads of the country engaged In Interstate Inter-state trntllo ns shall ummaI fly and effectively prevent the Imposition of un just or unreasonable rates It must Include I clude putting a complete stop to rebates In very shape and form This power to regulate rates like all similar powers over the business world should be exercised exer-cised with moderation caution and self restraint but It should exist so that It can be effectively exercised when the need arises I The first consideration to be kept In l I mind Is that the power should be nirirm I iBtlva and should he glvi n to some ad I ministrative body created b > Urn onfrrcss I ilf given to the present Interstate Com merce commission or 10 a unorganized Interstate Commerce commission such commission should he made unoqulvocall administrative I do not believe In the 4 government Interfering with private business jc busi-ness more than Is iieceK nr > I do nut believe In the government undertaking unllrtaln ti any work which ran with propriety be rl left In private hands Hut neither I do I w believe nthI government flinching fiom nlnchlnl Crm i overseeIng anY work when it 110 > > evident that buses an sure to obtain therein unless there Is governmental junervlslon It Is I not my province to Indicate the exact temis of the law which should be enacted but I call the attention ntenton of the Congress to LCI alit existing con dltlons vvltli which I Is desirable to del In my JtidKtm thn moet Important provision c pro-vision uhlili such law should contain pr Is that conferring upon some I uJon Hore competent adminIstrative body the Ioer to decide upon the ciise being biought before It whether a given rate piescilbrd h l v a railroad rail-road Is reasonable and lust and If I ri I found to bo unreasonably and unjust then after full Investigation of < tho complaint com-plaint to presirllc the limit of rate I beyond which It shall not be lawful to go the maximum lemnnnhle rate as It Is commonly called this ileilHlon to go Into effect within I rruonablt time mid to obtain from theme onward subject to review by the courts I scmotlrms happens hap-pens at present not that a late is I too high but that n favored shliper Is given too Iowa into In such i HU the f minis ion would have the right to fix tItus already established minimum rate as only tine maximum one or and two It surh would derisions need bY the commission to cur railroad am panics of the practice of giving Improper I minimum rates I cull your attention to the fact that my proposal Is not to give the rninmlxslon power to initiate or originate mates generally hut In I emulate n I I tie already fixed or originated b > the roiids upon complaint and nfter Investigation I i Investi-gation A heavy penalty should bo ox leh1 from any corporation which rnll I In lespcct an order of the commission I retard this power to establish n maximum rate as being essential In tiny scheme of teal reform In tho matter of railway iigulatlon The first necessity Is I to leI le-I e I and unless It Is I grunted to the lommlssUm there IN little I use In touch HiL the subject ut all C S C S Continuing the President earnestly disclaims any spirit of hostility to the railroads pointing out tho benefits bene-fits to ho derived by tho falrdcallng roads In tho evcnhnndcd administration administra-tion of justice In this both the honest hon-est railroad man and tho honest shIpper ship-per nlllto would be benefited Ending tho subject tho President says All privatecar lines Industrial roads refrigerator chaiges and the llko should be under the expressly put I supervision or the Interstate Commerce commission or some similar hodv so far as rates and agreements piictlcnllv affecting rates arc concerned The privatecar owners and the owners of Industrial railroads are entitled to I fair and reasonable compensation compen-sation on their Investment but neither private cars nor industrial railroads nor spur tracks should be utilized as devices Slur < < for securing preferential rates A rebate In Icing charges or In mileage or In a division of the rate for refrigerating charges Is just as pernicious as a rebate In nny other way No loner rate should apply on goods Imported than actually obtains to domestic goods from the American seaboard to destination except In cases where water competition Is the controlling Influence There should be publicity of the accounts of common < carriers car-riers no common carrier engaged In cneage < Interstate business should keep any books or memoranda other than those reported pursuant to law or regulation reI these books or memoranda should be open to the Inspection of the government Only In this way can violations or evasions of the law be surely detected A system of examination of railroad accounts should he provided rnlroa that now conducted Into the national banks by the bank examiners a few firstclass railroad accountants ac-countants If they had proper direction and proper authority < to Inspect books and papers could accomplish much In preventing willful violations of the law It would not be necessary for them to examine Into the accounts of any railroad unless for good reasons they were directed direct-ed to do so by the Interstate Commerce commission It Is greatly to be desired that some way might be found by which an agreement as to transportation within with-in f state Intended to operate as a fraud upon the federal Interstate commerce laws could be brought under the jurisdiction juris-diction of the federal authorities At present It occurs that large shipments of Interstate traffic are controlled by concessions con-cessions on purely state business which of course amounts to an evasion of the law The commission should have power to enforce fair treatment by tho great trunc lines of lateral and branch lines I urn son the Congress the nrcfl lor expeditious notion by the Interstate Commerce Com-merce commission In nil these matters whether In regulating rates for transportation transpor-tation or for storing or for handling property or commodities In transit < The history of the cases litigated tinder the present commerce act shows that Its efllclcncv has been to a great degree destroyed by the weapon of delay almost the most formidable weapon In the hands of those whose purpose It Is to violate the law The question of transportation lies nt the root of all Industrial success and the revolution In transportation which has taken place during tho last half century has been the most Important factor In the growth of the now Industrial conditions < Most emphatically we do not wish to seethe see-the man of great talents refused the reward rreat ward for his talents Still less do we wish to see him penalized but we do desire to see the system of railroad transportation so handled that the strong man shall be given no advantage over the weak man We wish to Insure as fair treatment for the small town ns for the big city for the small shipper as for the big shipper In the old days the highway of commerce whether by water or by a road on land was open to all I belonged to the public and the tralllc along It was free At present the railway Is I this highway and wo must do our best to see that It Is kept open to all on equal terms Unlike the Oren highway I is a very dllllcult and complex thing to manage and it Is far better that I should be managed by private Individuals than by the government govern-ment Hut It can only bo so managed on condition that justice Is done the public It Is because In rny judgment public ownership of railroads Is highly undesirable undesir-able and would probably In this country entail farreaching disaster that I wish to see tinh supervision and regulation of then In the Interest of the public as will make I evident that there Is no need for public ownership The opponents of government regulation dwell upon the dllllctiltles to bo encountered and the Intricate and Involved nature of the problem prob-lem Ttulr contention Is I true J Is I I complicated and delicate problem and nil nnl kinds of dllllcultles are sure to arise In connection with any plan of solution while no plan will lirliiB all the benefits hoped for by Its more optimistic adherents adher-ents Moreover tinder any healthy plan the benefits will develop gradually and not rapidly Finally we lust clearly understand under-stand that the public servants who ale to do this pccullatly responsible and delicate work must themselves be of the hlnheit type both as regards Integrity and etllclenc They must be well paid for otherwise nblo men can not In the long run be secured and they must possess a lofty probity which will revolt as quickly quick-ly at the thought of pandering to any Sanderlng gust of popular prejudice against rich men an the thought of anything even remotely resembling subserviency to rich mel Hut while 1 fully admit the dim cullies In the way I do not for n moment admit that these dllllcultles wan Ant us In stopping In our effort to secure a wise and Just system They should have no other effect than to spur un on to the exercise of the resolution the eventmnd ed justice and the fertlllt of resource which we like to think of as UpUalv American and which will In the end < achieve tooil results In this as In other fields of activity The tusk Is a great one and underlies the task of dealing with the whole Industrial problem Hut Ito fact that It la u neat problem does lot warrant us In sin Inking from the attempt to solve It At present we face such utter lack of supervision surh freedom from the rertrnlnt of law that f relent < len have often been literally forced into doing what they deplored bccutso otherwise they were left at the mere of unscrupulous competitors To tall nt and assail the men who have done ns they best could tinder the conditions accomplishes little What we need to do Is I to develop an orderly system and such a system can only come through the gradually Increased exeiclse of the control right of oltUlent goveinment The necessity for safety appliances on railroads recommended In the Presidents message to tho Inst Con KreBS Is emphasized together with the necessity for a law regulating the hours of labor of railroad men On tho labor question the mes qase says There has been demand for depriving Courts of tho power to Issue Injunctions In labor disputes Such special limitation of the equity powers of our courts wout b j most iiivvlno I U true that ome ridges have misused this power but this lots not justlfj n denial of the power th lO1r tiny more than nn Improper exercise of the power to call n strike bv a labor leader would justify the denial of the right 1 10 strike The remedy Is to regulate the procedure by requiring the judge to give 1Ue notice to the adverse parties l before I granting the writ the hearing to be ex I I are I the adverse party does not ap lear nt tie time and place ordered I < whnt Is due notice must depend upon the facts of the case It should not be used is a pretext to permit violation of law I or the jeopardizing of life or property or course this would not authotUe the ssiilng of n restraining order or Injunction I Injunc-tion In any case In which It li not already I itithnrlzed bs existing law I lenew the recommendation I made In I my last annual message for nn Inveitlgi I t lon ID he I Department of Commcne and Labor of general I labor conditions i i special I attention to be paid to the conditions of i hlld I labor and cit ilil lahor ltglitltn I Ion In the several states Huch an InvestlMilon should lake Into account tho rirloti < prom i ems with which the question of chIlI I labor Is I connected I Is true that Ihin iroblema can bo actually met In most uses only by tie States themsclve < hut It would be well for the nation to endeavor endeav-or to secure and publish comprehensive information ns to the conditions of the labor of children In the different states I ns to spur up those that are behind rand and to secure approximate unt form leglslntlon of a high chaiactcr among thu several states In smelt n llepubllo us ours the one thing that we can not afford to neglect Is the problem if turning out decent citizens The future of the nation depends upon the eltlzenshlp of tho generations to cometh come-th children of today are those who tomorrow to-morrow will shape the destiny of our land and we can not afford to neglect them The legislature of Colorado has recommended recom-mended that the national government provide sonic general measure for the protection from abuse of children and lumh animals throughout the United States I lay the matter before you for what I trust will be your favorable consideration The Department of Commerce and Labor should also make a thorough Investigation In-vestigation of the conditions of women In ndusliy Over live million American vomen me now engaged In gainful occu mtlons yet there Is an utmost complete Jearth of data upon which to base any itistworlhy conclusions as regards 1 subJect sub-Ject as Impo ant as It Is vast and com rllcated There II need of full knowledge in which to base action looking toward slate and municipal 1 legislation for the protection of working women The Intro luctlon of women Into Industry Is I work Inl change and disturbance In the do nestle and social life of the nation The lecrease In marriage and especially In he birth rate has been coincident with It We must face accomplished facts and the adjustment to factory conditions must be mode but surely It can be made with less friction and less harmful effects on family lIfe than Is I now the case This whole maier In reality forms ono of the greatest great-est sociological phenomena of our time It IM I social question of the first tme tortonce of far greater Importance than my merely political or economic question can be and to solve I we need amplo data gathered In a sane and scientific spirit in tho course of an exhaustive In VIS tln ton In any great labor disturbance not only ire employer and employe Interested but also a third party the general public I very considerable labor difficulty In which Interstate commerce Is Involved should be Investigated by the government and the facts officially reported to the tubllc The question of securing a healthy self respecting and mutually sympathetic attitude Itude as between employer and employe capitalist and wageworker Is I dlfllcult one All phases of the labor problem prove dlfllcult when approached But the underlying principles the root principles In accordance with which the problem must be solved are entirely simple Wo can get justice and right dealing only If We must face accomplished facts and the prInciple of treating a man on his worth as n man rather than man reference toils to-ils social position his occupation or the lass to which he belongs There are elfish and brutal men In all ranks of leI If they are capitalists their selfishness and brutality may take the form of hard 1 Indifference to suffering greedy disregard W of every moral 18 restraint wnicn Interfere with the accumulation of wealth and coldblooded exploitation of the weak or it they are laborers the form of laziness of sullen envy of tho more fortunate and of willingness to perform deeds of murderous mur-derous violence Such conduct Is just as reprehensible In one cas < < ns in the other and nil honest and farseeing men should join In warring against It wherever It becomes manifest Individual l capital st and Individual wageworker corpora Ion and union are alike entitled to the alle 1 rotcctlon of the law and must alike protecton obey the law Moreover In addition to nero obedience to the law each man if ho be a really good citizen must show inroad sympathy for his neighbor nnd genuine deslro to look at any question arising between them from the standpoint of that neighbor no less than from his own and to this end It Is essential that capitalist and wageworker should consult con-sult freely al ono with the other should each strive to bring closer the day when both shall realize that they are propetly part shal realze the ners and not enemies To approach questions which Inevitably arise between them solely from the standpoint which icats each side In the mass as the enemy en-emy of the other side In the mass Is both wicked and foolish < In the past the most foolh tilt eftni among the Influences which have brought about the downfall of republics has ever been tho growth of the class spirit etr growth of the spirit which thl Irowth tends to make a man subordinate the welfare wel-fare of the public as a whole to the wel I publc fare of tho particular class to which he belongs This Inevitably brings about a tendnncy Ih treat each man not on his merits at an Individual but on his position posi-tion as belonging to 1 certain class In the community If such a spirit glows up In this Republic It will uitimnieiy imo fatal to 1llblC the past It has proved fatal to every lS community In which It has become dominant Unless we continue con-tinue to keep a quick anti lively tnuo sense of the great fundamental truth that our concern Is with the individual worth of the Individual man Ibis govern ment cannot permanently hold the place which It has achieved among the nations The vnial l lines of cleavage among our people do not correspond aid Indeed run st right angles an-gles 10t to the lines ot cleavage which divide occupation from occupation which divide wageworkers from capitalists farmers from tankers men of small means from men of large means men who live In tpe towns from men who mealS mel In the country for bo t vital line of cUavsgB U the line which dlvidef the honest man who tries to do well by his neighbor from tire dishonest man who does ill by his neighbor In other words the land rd we houU establish Is the standard of conduct not the standard of occupalipu of means or of social position It Is tho nans moral quality bU attitude toward the great questions which concern all humanity his cleanliness of life his power to do his duty toward himself and toward others which really count hlmsel If we substitute for the standard of personal Judgment which treats each man according to his merits another standard In accordance with which all men atannd o one class are favored and all men of another clas lre agstmnst we shall do other class discriminated agalrut shal Irreparable damage to the body politic I believe be-lieve that our people are too sane too self lev for selfgovernment ever respecting too nt selgoverpnt to pel tne such an attitude This government shall be government by a Is not and uevcr shal This government Is I not and plutocracy mob It never hall be Bovernmcnt by a hall nepr continue to be In the future what It has been In the past a government based on the bI theory that each lan rich o poor Is l loa lo-a treated simply and solely on his worth asa as-a Oe man that ell his personal and property rlEhts lin are to Il safeguarded and that be Is neither to wrong others tier to sutler wroag from oiner The noblest of all forms of government Is selfgovernment but It Is also the most difficult dif-ficult w > who possess this pr etess boon and who desire to hand It on to our < Uiren childrens children should ever and our cbl < < thought so expressed bear In mlud the finely ber by Ilurke Men are quahned for civil lib erty In ciact proportion tr their disposition to put moral chains upon their own appetites 10 proportion as they are dUpoud to listen to the counsels of the wile and good In preference of knaves Society cannot erence to the flattery knavp cn not exist unless a controlling POt upon will and appetite bo placed somewhere and the less of It there be within Ibe more there must b < > without I is ordained In the eternal constitution bo wlhout stitution of things that men ot lntrmp rat minds cannot bn free Their passions forgo their fetters Insurance The great Insurance companies afford strUt In examples of corporations whose bus ness iiss extended so lar beyond the jurisdiction ot the states which created them as to preclude pre-clude strict enforcement of supervision and regulation by the parent States In my list aunusl message I recommended tbat tbe Congress carefully consider whether the power pow-er of the Bureau of Corporations cannot constitutionally con-stitutionally be extended to cover Interstate transitions In Insurance lucent events I have emphaslied the Importance of an early > and exhaustive consideration of this question ques-tion to sea whether It Is not possible to furnish fur-nish better safeguards than time several I states hare been able to furnish against cor I riiptlon of the flagrant kind which bas been exposed The Revenues Touching tho question of tariff and revenue the views of tho President areas are-as follows There Is more need of stability than ot the attempt to attain an Ideal perfection In the methods of raising revenue and the shock and strain to the business world ncr i tall to attend any serious change In these I methods render such change Inadvisable unless un-less far grave reason I Is I not possible taI ta-I lay down any general rule by which to determine de-termine tilt moment when the reasons for will outweigh tho reasons against such a cunnge Much must depend not merely nn the needs but on the desires of the peopla as a whole for leeds and desires aro not necessarily nec-essarily Identical Of course no change can be made on Ilea beneficial to or desired by one section of one state only There must be something like a general agreement among the ltlzens of the several states ns represented repre-sented In the Congress that the change is needed and desired In the Interest of the people as a whole and there should then be a sincere Intelligent and disinterested effort to make It In such shape B will combine so far as possible the maximum of good to the people at large with Ito minimum of necessary neces-sary disregard for the special Interests of localities or classes Dut In time of peace the revenue must on the average taking a series of years together equal the expenditures expendi-tures or else the revenues must be Increased Last year there was a deficit Unless our expenditures ex-penditures can be kept within the revenues then our revenue laws must be readjusted It Is a yet too early to attempt to outline what shape such a readjustment should take for It Is as yet too early to say whether there will be need for It It should be considered con-sidered whether U Is not deslralle that the tariff laws should provide for applying 8 against or In favor of any other nation maximum maxi-mum and minimum tariff rates established by the Congress no as to secure a certain reciprocity reci-procity of treatment between other nations and ourselves Having In view even larger considerations of policy than those ol a or purely economic nature I would In my judgment be well to endeavor to bring about closer commercial connections with the other people of this continent I am happy to be abio to announce to you that llussla now treats us on the mostfavorednation basis Economy In Expenditures Tho necessity for economy and a rigid scrutiny of appropriations Is mad manifest with this proviso Yet In speaking of economy I must In nowise no-wise be understood as advocating the false economy which is In the end the worst extravagance ex-travagance To cut down on the navy for Instance would be a crime against the nation na-tion To fall to push forward all work on ILa Panama canal would be a great a folly Currency The currency question Is dealt with as follows1 Every consideration ot prudence demands the addition ot the element of elasticity to our currency > Mcm The evil does uot consist con-sist In an adequate volume of money but In the rigidity of this volume which does not respond as It should to the varying needs of communities and of seasons Inflation must be avoided but some provision should be made that will Insure a larger volume of money during the fall and winter months than In the less active seasons of the year so that the currency will contract against speculation and will expand for the needs ot legitimate business At present the Treasury Treas-ury department Is at Irregularly recurring intervals In-tervals obliged In the Interest of tbe business busi-ness worldthat Is In the Interests of the American public to try to avert financial crises by providing a remedy which should be provided by Congressional action Federal Elections Electons On tbe subject ot federal elections tho President says The power ot the government to protect the Integrity of the elections Jn Its I own of I tWI nclals Is inherent and ecNasn been recognized and affirmed by repeated declarations of the Supreme court There Is no enemy ot free government more dangerous and none so insidious In-sidious a the corruption of the electorate No one defends or excuses corruption and it would seem to follow that none would oppose I op-pose vigorous measures to eradicate It I recommend the enactment ot a law directed against bribery and corruption In federal elections The details of sucb a law may be I safely left to the wise discretion ot the Congress Con-gress but It should go D far as under tho constitution It Is I possible to go and should Include severe penalties against him who gives or receives a bribe Intended to Influence Influ-ence his act or opinion as an elector and provisions for the publication not only ot the expenditures for nominations and elections elec-tions of all candidates but also ot all contributions con-tributions received and expenditures made by political committees I desire to repeat this recommendation In political campaigns In a country as large and populous as ours It Is Inevitable tbat there should be much expense of an entirely legitimate kind Tbls of course means that many contributions and some ot them ot large size must be made and ns a mater ot fact In any big political contest such contributions con-tributions are always made to both sides I Is entirely proper both to give snd receive them unless there Is an Improper motive connected with either gift or reception I they are extorted by any kind of pressure or promise express or Implied direct or Indirect In-direct In the way of favor or Immunity then the giving or receiving becomes not only Improper Im-proper but criminal It will undoubtedly be difficult as a mater of practical detail to shap an act which shall guard with reasonable reason-able certainty against such misconduct but If It Is possible to secure by law the full and verified publication In detail of all the sums I Plblcat and expended by the candi l dates or committees of any political parties the result cannot but be wholesome All contributions con-tributions by corporations to any political committee or for any political purpose should be forbidden by law directors should not be permitted to use stockholders money for uch purposes and moreover a prohibition of this kind would be as far a It went an effective method of stopping the evils Rimed at In corrupt practices acts Not only should both the national and the several state legislatures legis-latures forbid any officer of a corioratlnn from using the money of the corporation In or about any election but they should also forbid such use of money In connections with any legislation save by tine employment of counsel In public manner for distinctly legal services The position ot the United States with regard to The Hague conference confer-ence Is clearly shown the deslro of cear the United States for continuance of the worlds peace being made apparent appar-ent and tho necessity for strength to maintain t righteous position Insisted upon Elaborating on tho many reasons existing ex-isting for the maintenance of the Monroe doctrine the messago points out how tho Interests of our southern neighbors are Identified with our own and tho Impossibility of the United States using the doctrine as a means for aggrandizement The help afforded af-forded Santo Domingo In her escape from the Importunities of foreign creditors cred-itors and rapacious revolutionists at homo Is shown as a case In point Army and Navy The President Insists upon the necessity ne-cessity for a well trained body of sol tilers as a nucleus for an army In time of trouble and that maneuvers tmo of a practical kind should bo undertaken under-taken to adapt the forces to actual conditions of warfare An Increase In tho artillery force so that the coast fortifications can be adequately manned man-ned is also recommended with lib for tho building oral appropriations buidIng and bringing to a state of perfection of the United States navy Naturalization Laws Of our present naturalization laws the message says During the past year evidence bas tccu mutated to confirm the expressions con tainted In my last two annual messages D to the Importance of revising br appropriate legislation our system of naturalizing aliens I appointed last Msrch a commission to make a careful examination ot our naturalizing laws and to suggest appropriate measures to avoid the notorious abuses resulting from the Improvident or unlawful granting of elt lzenshlp This commission composed of nn olDcer of the Department of State of the Department of Justice and 01 the Department Depart-ment of Justce and Labor has discharged dis-charged the duty Imposed upon It and has submitted a report which will be transmitted to the Congress for Its consideration and I hope for Its favorable action The distinguishing recommendations of the comanitissiOn are < omlllon First A federal bureau of naturalliatlon to be established In the Department of Com estnbllbd merce and Iubo to supervise the administration adminis-tration of the naturalization laws and 10 re trolOn cllvo returns of naturalizations pending nod acconinpliahed ocrompllhed ecoiiil uniformity of naturalization certificates cer-tificates fees to be charged and procedure I Incates More cxartlr < qualifications for clt I Irnshlp Fourth The preliminary declaration of intention In-tention to be abolished and no alien to be naturalized until at least ninety days after < ho filing of his petition Ilng pctton Fifth Jurisdiction to naturalize aliens to be confined to United Slates district courts end to such State courts as have jurisdiction In civil actions In which the amount In controversy roversy Is unlimited In cities of over 100 000 inhabitants the United States district cOlrls 0 tnbablanls exclusive jurisdiction In tho cites naturalization ot the alien residents of such Criminal Laws Leglslntlon to make our criminal lows more effective and to provide adequate ad-equate punishment for breaches of trust by public ofllcals Is urged and the promise made that nil the power of tho administration shall ho devoted to the detection nnd punishment of such wrongdoers The President continues Once again I call your attention to the condition ot the publicland laws Iteccnt developments have given new urgency to the need for such changes as will fit these laws to actual present conditions The honest disposal dis-posal and right use of the remaining public lands Is of fundamental Importance Tbe iniquitous methods by which the monopollt lag ot the public lands Is being brought bout under tho present laws are becoming more generally known but the existing laws tb o not furnish effective remedies The recommendations rec-ommendations ot the Public Lands commission commis-sion upon this subject are wise and should be given effect The policy of creating forest reserves re-serves Is shown to have met popular approval as has tho Initiation of forest for-est reserves Merchant Marine On tho subject of tho merchant marine ma-rine tho message says To tho spread of our trade In peace and he defense of our flag In war a great and prosperous merchant marine Is Indispensable Ve should have ships of our own and seamen sea-men of our own to convey our goods to neu rai markets and In case of need to reinforce rein-force our battle line I cannot but be a source of regret and uneasiness to us that the lines ot communication with our sister republics of South America should bo chiefly chief-ly under foreign control I Is not a good thing that American merchants and manu acturers should have to send their goods I and letters to South America via Europe If hay wish security and dispatch Even on the Pacific where our ships have held their own better than on the Atlantic our merchant mer-chant beler lag Is now threatened through the libra lib-ra aid bestowed by other governments on their own steam lines I ask your earnest consideration of the report with which the Merchant Marine commission has followed its long and careful Inquiry Praise of the good work ot tho pen 1 zion bureau with an acknowledgement acknowledge-ment of the debt the country owes to the veterans of tho Civil war follows fol-lows Immigration Continuing tho messago shows clearly tno necessity for ciiecKing thu steamship companies In their activity of unde In promoting tho Importation sirable Immigrants while pointing out how warmly welcome Is the man of good health and moral character who bids fair to add value to tho community An Increase In tho stringency strin-gency of the Immigration law Is advocated advo-cated On tho subject ot Chinese immigration ton the messago urges tho necessity for courteous treatment of the Chinese Chi-nese students business and professional profes-sional men who visit this country while asserting unalterable opposition to the admission of coolies or skilled or unskilled labor from China Civil Service Some paragraphs of tho message are devoted to an elucidation of the workings of the civil service law The assertion Is made that the effects of the law have been excellent A revision of the copyright laws Is declared to be urgently needed and tho promise made that a bill for this purpose will be Introduced at tho coming session The passage of the measure Is earnestly recommended A law to regulate Interstate com merce In nilsbiandod and adulterated foods drinks and drugs Is urged also ono providing for the building and maintenance of national parks and tho preservation of Niagara Falls Pensions for members of the LifeSaving Life-Saving Service are shown to be desirable de-sirable and a high compliment Is paid the members of the service for their solfsacrincing devotion to duty A recommendation Is made for recommendaton increased In-creased appropriations and payment of Indians more attention to the needs of the The Philippines Despite the series of disasters which have afflicted tho Philippine Islands since the American occupation occupa-tion the rinderpest the locusts and the drought conditions are shown to have steadily Improved and tranquility tranquil-ity Is now almost universal The Filipinos unities are beginning to realize the benefits of education and a school attendance at-tendance of 70 per cent Is the result Referring to trade between the Islands and tho United States the Unlell message says A statute In lures elact1 April 15 1001 suspends tl olroton or Ih Apri let 01 ho Ihnimd I States Ulnm the trade between the lbllIlo 10111 111 iite Uliltdli lhcn te Unld Into uul JUly I i9aj 1 I marmnesmiy rmmu thst ibis susovnntlo I M aruly < tht I II In tr ll t UlllU JOlT J IJUU I I hunk it or I tiuitfui mntility tu apply Ibe 011 wise lss to ii Irde Ynd bctwrm thf Ilillwl i t Males anti < wepl tlld SIe the ihiiipiines Uii nnntier I Hrturu blllllnc lulr auy 5 siunrcs tee lreul mices r < ts i r I 11 < uluhed tit it nn dn no JOt Ibltrr 10 mrlran bottoms and will oull ttntrfr5 blomo 1 lolrrerp and be un ob tade to the trade betwpani lb lblllIII l sitti > the United 515155 1 bUt It the COUtttl law must 111 Uled appiicti Certainly it ought ut I to lmse ffict tmtii rrre bl rt ii trsd II ull lrd rnjoyJ letw Itt 11Ien I ttt 1le of tune sited roled tntei amnti the IHo 0111 Iple or tine iIitilppiup ilgnnd In lbI111In Ialdo their rteltIien products I do not alet ILat free trails itetseclm the slall end the IDled IHatr will Iroduco rnololl I inn tine wl II suger sad tobacco lion or tine Iodno era tine lblllllo Ilds S pcintmlile or ae 1lbod sgrkulinmre mum pin islands so slow is I tspiti In IMlp ropla golntg 10 the islands Se may dlWMlles surround I large agricultural dntvrpntae In the islands IIle nlllll that thu bp many msmt lnds tba I 1 rall Jeers before tine r products or those isinii will itsy prodlct 1111 wil say Pert upon the markets of the United lY Sllta bVfr problem 01 labor is also Tie Ibr I s formidable the sugar and nine with tobscee wih uJ 10baO0 roItmners In 1llor Ib islsntls Tbe best rrlh or the land lteople Ihmoph ti rlpllo Ieople sad the 1011 an Utterly jilmUslOD of tttinnei Ulerl isitor oppspd to Ihe only soiutlou is tine trainnlg of Yillploo ilene labor the sod this will Isie a levgtinnThs05 of a law by the Conur o TX Inked a 1 V making provision for free trade tlnds slid the United States inosever betwee5 of great importance from a politics w sioj mental Msndpolut sad while Its I acted Bt bee doubtless been etsg erted bj the of the islands pie they will accept this ore of justice ns in indication thst he of tins United Sttcs sJfV crc snslous to sid pie of the Philippine lUnU is Vr thi and especially In the agricultural deveir of their Archipelago It will aid the iii without Injuring Interests In America The President urges that Imtned steps bo taken for the fortlflcatlo The < Hawaii and the development ot have territory on traditional Amen Liter lines Admission of Chinese launder fcette la-under statute restrictions is g oftli demned ns loading to n status of vlllty which tine message decla o can never again be tolerated on An en lean soil The President says inter aim must bo to develop the terrlti fund on the same basis of stable cltlz tho I ship as exists on this continent nine Porto Rico fort Dealing with the affairs of pc rad Rco the President says en ft 1 earnestly advocate tin adoption of legi t Ct flv ibm which will explicitly confer Atnerlcn rntblp on all citizens of Iorto Itlco Tber c thcr In my judgment no excuse for fillut to ctC this The hnrbor of San Juan tlioulil l drril and Improtrd The expenses of th tVt bon court of 1orto Illco should be mn from tow Keilernl treasury and not from the Iorto ni treasury The elections In Iorto Rim Sit last take place every four years and the isti trrre should meet In session every two A neaik The present form of government In Porto an a k which provides for the nppolntracut bi President of the members of the eircutlti fore a ell or house of the legislature upper bn nro amen satisfactory and has utplred confidign property owners and Investors 1 do not dr had It advisable at the present time to cbinr i t also form In auj material feature The probl and needs of the Inland arc Industrltl nj cc sac merclal rather than politics lag Discussing the needs of Alaska t the President recommends that the tern them tory bo given an elective delega m who will be able to speak with al ten thorlty on the needs of that sectl Sid of our country The message cc cxc eludes cia Admission to Statehood rnc I recommend that Indian Territory and oil Ml boma be admitted as one State and It it N Mcilco and ArIzona be admitted ss one Sir chi There Is no obligation upon us to treat t 301 rltorlal subillvUloni S bIb are matters ot ct Trnience only as binding us on the queitloa Cr admission to statehood Nothing has liken an more time hi thp Congress during tine past fr years than the question as tu the statetood to the four Territories be granted above on tluntd and after careful consideration of t or that has been developed In the dlscuwloni loin the question I recommend that they be I mediately admitted as two Mates There in no Justification for further delay and the i th Disability of making the four Territories In two Mates bas been clearly established 1C In some ot the Territories the leglilitlve i te Bcmbllrs issue licenses for gambling Ti teol Congress should by law forbid this prsctli ol glance the harmful results of which are sbilcoi n olTJ The Panama Canal TJ The treaty between tbe United Stilt 11 the Republic of Panama under which t H construction of the Panama canal was mi possible went Into effect with Its rstlncatv by the United States Senate on Feb S3 190 fli The canal properties of the French Cats Co D pany were transferred to the United States April 23 1004 on payment of 40000 000 Li that company On April 1 10lT the Comm i dent was reorganized and It now consists Theodore P Shouts chairman Charles R a tl goon Ilonjnrnln M llnrrod IlearAdmlrsl M tlA tlh ileeal T Kndlcott Urlg lien Peter C hal and Col Oswald II Krnit John P Sttvi A was appointed chief engineer on July 1 InActive it Active work In canal construction mslnly r paratory bas been In progress for lest than J year ami a half During that period two pol n about the canal have ceased to be open to bat iirt the question or route toe cs c will be built on the Isthmus ot Panama 6 ond the intention of feasibility there are liJ physical obstacles on Ibis route that Amerir J engineering skill will not be able to oterco without serious dllllculty or that will prevrj the completion of the canal within a rca i rblo time and at n leasotiuble I cost This virtually the unanimous trKtimony of the e i glnecra who have Investigated the matter tithe ti-the government The point which remains unsettled Is t l question ot type whether the canal shall ono of several locks above sea level or st ie level with a single tide lock On this point 1 hope to lay before the emigres at an early da tine findings of the Advisory hoard of ADM can situ European Knglneers that st my tel tattoo have been considering the subject t < gether with the report of the commission then on and such comments thereon or recommend tlons In referenc tbcrto as may stem ntcn sary saryThe American people Is pledged to tbe spec lest possible construction ot a canal adeqmt to meet the demands which the commerce r the world will make upon It and I appeal mot earnestly to the Congress to aid In the tenEt ment of the pledge Gratifying rrojrcii ej been made during the pact year anti cspeclill during the post four months Tbe greater pit of ths necessary preliminary work bas bee done Actual work of exCavatiOn could bs begun be-gun only on a limited scale till the canal low was mad a healthful place to live In and t work in The Isthmus bad to be solute first This task bas been so thorougby secern pllshed tbat yellow fever bas been vlrtuill extirpated from the Isthmus and general beilt conditions vastly Improved Tbe same method which converted tb Island of Culm from a pni hole which menaced the health of the world Into n healthful place of abode have been if piled on the isthmus with satisfactory result There Is no reason to doubt that when U > < plans for water supply paving and sewwii of Panama anti Colon and the large labor camp have been fully carried out the isthmus nil be for tbe tropics an unusually bealtby pli of abode Ibe work Is so far advanced to that the health of all those employed Ia cots work la as well guarded as U Is on simile work In this country and elsewhere Sinat Is needed now and without delay Is 55 appropriation by the Congress to meet the con rent antI accruing eipensn of the coniinUilw iO000000 out ofj The first appropriation of J10000 the 135 000 000 authorized by the Spooner ict It Is nearly Ct was made three years ago hnusted There Is barely enough of It remaInIng remaIn-Ing to carry the commission to the end of tear > t-ear Unless the Congress shall approprlitei before that time all work must cease To sr rest progress for any length of time now whea woei sallsfsctotlly matters are advancing so be deplorable There will be no money mini to meet payroll obligations anti niece with which to meet bills corning due for as I crisis and Hippllen and there will be ticinotal I liallon of the forces here and on the Isthmus effectively now working so harmoniously and If there Is delay In giantlug an emergency ap proprlntlon rstltnatra of the amount nece P sury will be found In the accompanylut cc l ports of the Secretary of War amid the com minion Department of State Neither at home nor abroad Is there a s ficient working force to do the business preperl J In many respects the system which V55 ide quato to the work of twentyflve or PYCS < tCO M and should Is now jears ago Inadequate changed trur consular force should ba clisn titC made to be Hid and oppulutmenu should veral clauses with authority to the hc I live to assign the members of each Cuts vm July at such posts as the Interests of the icr MIng vice require Instead of the appointmenti Ing made as at present to npnllltil iwsts seT There bould be an ailcqnat Inspection > able ° t be Tlie so that the Department may Inform itself how the ijusimiess of sack CUDS0 I lute Is being done Inlead of depending Tbt UP fee ° ° J casual rrlvote Information or rumor rtni should be entirely abolUbed and 0 a do tb5 equivalent made In salary 10 iut subsistence by mesas now eke out their for should be anemic I fees Sufliclent provisions i clerical force Pn every consulate l > Is of tns Instead entirely of Anieilcons compels sufficient provision now insde which the employment of great numbers of ciliteOl eb be services cau of foreign countries whose part ° r ear At a Urge P tuned for less money clerical and tb consulates tin office quarters the fore are Inadequats to the performance of ion provisioOI recent onerous duties Imposed by the protji increasing our well by of our Immigration laws ss as creasing tride should be mad for Ibi i Cl Sultsinie 1tovliion officer more hence of keeplnf our diplomatic don frslfl fully unformed of what Is lielog tiiPiOl day 10 day in the progress of our laca ef such affairs with other countries lie information csused by imnaumclent CletlC5i tlons available for csble lolls suti for f our service rr < iuelll and tuessengtr sod detract officer at C fret iisdvsutage IM abottid ItS from their uefumss The salary corcespofli either It does not now readjusted serice to be rendered to the Importance of the eUpSrito re I and ths degrees of ability l rtd L Ipor it tn In lbs dlfffreut positions quired eIs mesh Is ° differences In tb cost of llv Ini tha salaries ire guile Inndrqusl |