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Show PROBLEM OF THE AMERICAN TRAMP Laws of Various States Have Proved Unequal to the Task Elaborate System for the Cure of Habitual Idleness in Force on the Continent of Europe Is Striking Contrast to the Futile Efforts That Have Been Made Here in the United States. Tbe course of the life la In a vicious Street, park bench, cheap lodging bouse, court, jail, street, brake-beam- , court, jail, etc.; so It goes, from month to month, from hand to mouth, from cltjr to city. More accurately stated, tbe vagrant's course Is spiral and downward, with accelerated momentum toward demoralisation, disease and death. Along his road are certain "rescue stations charitable societies, missions, curbstone breadlines, industrial homes, personal visitations in alcoholic wards. These are efforts to extend the helping band, to switch the vagrant from the circular track to the "straight ahead line. Ilut generally tbe momentum Is too great Failures are recorded far In excess of even Imagined successes writes O. F. Lewis of the Charity Organization society in tbe New York Times. When we seek, by imprisonment to deal with the Individual "vag, what do we find? Generally Ineffective, Inadequate, unjust methods of punishment so futile as to be ridiculous, were they not so tragic. We find correctional methods In jail that Instead of correcting, debase, methods as vagrant as are the prisoners. We believe that each man who Is able should contribute his share of the day's work. Nature abhors a vacuum, and the community In general abhors tbe constitutional Idler. If the drone work not, neither shall be eat. We believe that crime should be punished. Vagrancy Is a crime under the law. Punishment Is generally and necessarily effected by the restraint of liberty, within a penal Institution. Vagrants are Imprisoned generally In jails or 'workhouses. But how? What are the conditions of American Jails? Do they check vagrancy? Do they punish Justly? Do they reform? YORK. NEW has recently been AN ANSWER public which Is a scathing arraignment of conditions In a great majority of American county jails, all the more scathing and staggering because made after a careful Investigation by a committee of the National Prison Congress, which does not seek sensationalism. The following paragraphs are almost random quotations , from the report: "If the only or chief purpose of jails were to keep wild beasts In cages, most of the jails are well enough adapted for this purpose. . . . The customary mode of serving food Is revolting, demoralizing and often dangerous to health. , . . Often we must Imagine bunk over bunk, in the same cell or cage, crowded until the horrors of stench or suffocation are Indescribable. . . . Under an'open Jail system the filthiest, vilest prisoner punishes or tortures those who have not yet sunk to bis level. . . . Tbe very struc- - In Birmingham, Ala., 240 men In 72 cells; 25 women In ten cells. . . . Tbe Inmates of Jails are chiefly of two classes those awaiting trial and convicted misdemeanants. . . . The ordinary term of convicted misdemeanants, vagrants and inebriates Is too short for any sort of Industrial training or systematic production. A careful study of the situation In all parts of the land has long ago driven many to the conclusion that' we must have district labor colonies or workhouses for those convicted of offenses, and that the term of degenerates must be at least two years, If we really Intend to lit them for useful lives. plainly shows that THE present conditions and laws the county Jail must provide for males and females; children, youth and adults; first offenders, habitual crimiwitnals, vagabonds, prostitutes; nesses held for their testimony; poor debtors whose crime Is their poverty; Idiots, Imbeciles, Insane, epileptics, persons arrested on suspicion, and apoplectics whom the sapient policeman could not distinguish from drunkards. All these, says the report, are often under one roof and management, In a building so built that cries and whispers travel along a corridor with cages open at the side. Now, what chance Is there in the average jail for the reformation of the Imprisoned vagrant? We may think that Jack London draws the long bow In bis picturesque descriptions of life on the road, but In bis tale of Imprisonment In the Erie county Jail he never wrote of such horrifying conditions as are described by the report of the committee, of which Prof. Charles R. Henderson of the University of Chicago was chairman. What chance, above all, has the detained witness or suspect, held In the jail for bis testimony, and Innocent before the law until he Is proven guilty? What chance has he of not suffering contamination and gaining a hatred of society that will not die? In many county jails tbe only exercise "enjoyed" by the prisoners Is In a common large room, with steel grating separating It from the surrounding corridors, and called In jail parlance tbe "bull pen. committee g cities use the Bertlllon MANY of the of Identification measurements. One chief reports asking the "usual questions," another the "name and address as though vagrant's name and address would be of value! Wbat a contrast Is this to the elaborate Belgian system for the Identification of vagrants, which centers In the "easier centrale de vagabondage," a general Identification bureau at Brussels? In Belgium the process of trying an arrested vagrant Is speedy and thorough. As soon as the police arrest a vagrant they communicate by telefew graph with Brussels. Within hours there Is sent back from Brussels by telegraph a full description of tbe vagrant and of his previous career, If anything of the prisoner Is on record. On tbe following morning tbe magistrate, who Is a graduate of the university, has before him sufficient material about this particular vagrant Swiss colony of WItzwyl, which Edmond Kelly has recently described In detail In his book on "Tbe Elimination of the Tramp," allows that In a certain proportion of cases tbe Inmates committed to a compulsory THE T TOOT & ' . , 1 0 " !' .4. i!i 'i - f- . ZjUjO f 1 ' , ( - , I M. ff - .. :.V n i Ml i- -. ,1 :5. r. V. V; 'vf r ture of tbe ordinary Jail Is radically wrong, and offends against the laws of health. . . . Almost all the reports from Jails record the dull, mononton-ous- , maddening tramp of prisoners walktug aimlessly up and down the It is the path of lunacy. corridor. Why not have walled yards In the open air, partly sheltered from rain, covered over with steel wire to prevent escape? But this plan Is rarely thought of. . . . Card playing Is the other Inmates, and In addition he is often glad to hibernate or spend a few weeks where warmth, food, Idleness and the company of vicious fellows Is assured. Are we not often, by administering the law, condemning the vagrant to further depths of degeneracy? What do the reports of chiefs of police show? The writer recently received extended reports from 50 chiefs, representing as many different cities, representative of large and universal resource for passing the dull small municipalities. The letters showed that In most Instances vagend anxious waking hours. Many examples are given of exces- rants are committed to Jails, less fresive overcrowding. quently to workhouses, and la a few ... Flv Live on Island In Ocean Off Mas- sachusetts Coast. Alone on an Island In the five children to educate, with ocean, Is the predicament In which the courts decision leaves Henry B. Davis, the sole resident of "No Mans Land. This little Island lie four miles south of Martha's Vineyard. It Is Included In the town of Chllmark, and Mr. Davis pays taxes on property assessed at 17,000. In 1904 he moved to the island. His children are 4, 12, 17, 19 and 24 child Is years old. The at attendance whom of one the only school Is legally required. In Its decision the court regretted that the children should go uneducated, but stated that the petitioner cannot expect the town to furnish and maintain a school for his sole beneBoston. su-pro- fit. TIME table SOUTH-fiODN- No. 61 For Payton, Swuqula im Los AdrhIcs & 1 , : iV H40 vx'SAiiauiixi Hf - .hi r.-'- ' 395, irtic 'siaa'jLi a- A, 6 tjt 4jt ft PRISONERS COMMITTED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING 1904. The table claeeifles the principal off neee, ehowlng total number of sentences for each offense and perce ntage of each data of offenses to total number of sentences, 149,691. labor colony do not reform and rejoin the ranks of the Industrial army. A trained English Investigator stated recently, regarding WItzwyl, that there Is no doubt that the fact of hav. Ing worked, hard for a year or 18 months makes a man apt to get Into the habit of working, and this Is be lleved to be the actual result In Switzerland. hat, then, shall we say regarding the treatment of vagrancy In the Uni ted States? First, that at present It Is thoroughly Inadequate. As statistics and the accompanying diagrams show, 67 per cent, of the commitments to penal institutions are to county Jails and workhouses In which the conditions are often exceptionally bad. Drunkenness, vagrancy and disorderly conduct were responsible for more than half the commitments dui lng 1904 to penal Institutions In the United States. For these three offenses the county Jails and , to which the large majority of offenders are committed, offer practically no reformative Influences. For more serious crimes, Buch as burglary, robbery, assault, forgery, etc., there are reformatories and state prisons, in which latter institutions some reformatory Influence Is felt. Belgium does commit a BUT when then woe to the liberty of that vagrant for a long period! Conviction Is to a depot de mendlctte for from two to seven years. Tbe depot de mendlclte Is at Merxplas, a great Industrial colony with accommodations for about 5,000 prisoners. Here there occurs a classification, the worst elements being at night placed In solitary confinement and otherwise placed under strict discipline. Intensive labor Is carried on, the work being graded according to the physical ability of the Individual Inmates. The Belgian treatment of vagrants brings out prominently several facts. In the first place, Belgium believes In getting vagrants off the streets and highways. Some years ago the minister of Justice declared that there was no vagabondage In Belgium. This statement needs Interpreting. There Is probably fairly little vagrancy along the highways, because every and vagrant must be apprehended made to show cause through his papers, or by the absence of a record at Brussels, why be should not be sent to the depot de mendlclte. Tbe fact that Merxplas contains about 6,000 Inmates, and that tbe average period of detention la 18 months, and that the majority of the Inmates are returned to Merxplas for succeeding offenses of vagrancy, shows that vagrancy In Belgium Is not eradicated from the social body, hut removed as much aa much as possible from society. sentences for vagrancy are In 90 per cent, of the cases for six months or less, and the largest percentage of commitments is shown to be for less than one month. No cure for vagrancy can be had under such conditions. New York state leads all other states of our country la tbe number of Its commitments for vagrancy. The burden of vagrancy In the United States was represented In 1904 by over 28.000 commitments, about 20 per cent, of all commitments to penal institutions during that year. This brief resume of the conditions Inevitably points present i0 the necessity of a material change In our system of combating vagrancy. ln this connection It Is of special Inter-es- t that within recent months a has been drafted ln New York bill atat. providing for the establishment of s farm colony upon lines very sltnllm to that of the Swiss compulsory co ny. WItzwyl. This hill, which ha, th approval of the leading charitable so cletles of New York city and of several trunk lines terminating n New York and which will be nto the next legislature, introduced does not the establishment In New provides York statl SECONDLY, Belgium alike. If there of a vagrants compulsory labor colony with in are extenuating circumstances, or if determinate sentence. rcgmar ib,r' the case of vagrancy seems the result of physical incapacity, the aiutrebend- - THE be-ln- g .I'et' ' north'."bound Ns. W For Provo, PLOrov. Am . I am now Iweon Salt I.aka UTAH COUNTY w' UlndiSfJSVtw looal trt?U grjs. H. Boars Boat Di.trtoi in. PaE N. ParSMis, Depot Tkkn . I petition been Had Mr. Davla granted, be would likely have bad the contract for erecting tbe school build(U THE IS. ing. One of the scholars would bave a when been appointed Janitor, and teachgraduate of the school became er the educational short circuit would bave been complete. In the town of Chllmark there are several school buildings and a library. In answer to Mr. Davis' petition the court said: "The situation of the pe- No. Forand allpi5nf villa Provs'SsHuV polo is cast sad wi.it . No' titioner and his children Is an unfor8molh SU tunate one. The statute requires him N $ctta,n.k' 4 atto them of one to cause at least ay Connections mods ln Ogdco CBioi tend school; he pays taxes to the all of trains Noutbern Paotn and OiqfoSsJ! town to a considerable amount; there Linn. are no regular means of communicaOFFERS CHOICE OF tion between the Island upon which FAST THROUGH TRAIjjmrr1 he has fixed bis residence and the which the public Island main upon AND THREE DISTINCT SCENIC BOCTil schools of tbe town are situated; comPulman Palaon and ordinary Sleetlu- -. munication Is often difficult and some- Denver, Omaha, Kansas St. "A . times impossible. But we can pass Chicago without change. City, raised law of Free Cbelr the Reclining Cara; Perwitll, question only upon Excursions; a perfect Dtmnt elite. by the report Petition dismissed For ratee, folder, eto.. Inquire ef er write MAN BUYS WOMEN'S GLOVES. G. A. P. D., Ealt LtkeQtj, And Wears Them Surprise for Girl at Glovt Counter. i I ' t-- Fs ft j J w rh I ICT SPALDING VETERINARY PHYSICIAN New York. He sat at the womens AND SVRGCON glove counter In the department store waiting patiently until the struggling Office at Palace Drti Store, women buyers would release a sales- Beth Fhcnta. Prevail woman. Finally one came to him. Uekee regular eel! to Bpanltfc Fork ttm ha "I want a pair of tan gloves, Thuraday. . Office et world Oni Sim kill mid. the girl Inquired. INFIRMARY "Certainly," he said. Gents' gloves third counter to the 1 At the eld Oran Lewis comer, eoStriii vill reed. Spanish Fork, Utah. X SyUt right, she announced. "I know that, said the man, "but Bone SFSvino and P1fs of Fetltli Kami erne nay. X Crippled end lame hmsil please won't you let me buy them X AUeiimalt eximiotdiraa specialty. here? You see. I've got a small hand charge. Look well to your honei' ttitkla and I can get a much better fit In from them come many disease. Una women's gloves. let live la my motto. J. A BROTH "Certainly," said the salesgirl, and she brought out gloves and gloves until she found what he wanted. "We never bad a man buy bis gloves at this counter before, Bhe said in the Intervals of trying onbut I'm sure I don't see why more men don't buy women's gloves. You can IQI Thousand of acre of land Be, do ever so much better In the small I beeu reclaimed to cultlvttt 8 sizes, seven or under. Now, there you I irrigation in that State durli) have a perfect fitting glove, and I I the psat 10 year. Thotuuii know they don't keep them that small more will be reclaimed wiuii at the gents' counter here. the year. Thii j an next 10for "1 learned the trick a long while II many thoumli openiug ago, said the man as he waited for 1 1 of homes. his change. A young woman suggested it She was a sensible girl, and If there were more like her you would do Have You Investigated IDAHO? a big business with men here. It has been truthfully termed I "For yourself? : V' .V . , ML . , 4 work-houses- Table showing the prisoners commltte d In the United 8tates for vagrancy In 1904, the length of sentences,, and the percentages of commitments for various periods. CHILDREN WITHOUT 8CHOOL. DR. N. C. we not then In a wretched we who urge that the to enable him to form an adequate vagrant receive treatment that will of tbe case. judgment deter and reform? Shall we, knowCoupled with this carefulness and ing jail conditions, allow him to roam at large? But the vagrant habit Is fos completeness of investigation, registered by idleness, mendicancy and the tration, and adequacy of Judgment la absence of prosecution. Even as It Is, the Belgian system for the punishthe unwillingness of many police offl ment of vagrants, which differs so esclals or magistrates to prosecute sentially from our opportunist methtramps Is well known. When tbe ods as to be staggering at first to convagrant Is told to "get out of town or template. We "bunch our vagrants be run In he of course decamps, and In law. In New York state the man the town finances are spared, while with no money, no work, and no visithe neighboring community receives ble means of support Is a vagrant. the shifted burden. Yet if the con- That tuch a man Is not often jailed, victed vagrant Is sent to jail he be- unless the case Is aggravated by comes a source of contamination to other factors, Is not the fault of the law, so to speak, but Is due to the unwillingness of magistrates to commit (he unemployed homeless, or to the Indifference of the authorities. But In Belgium the state of "no work, no home, no money la not a crime, unless there Is added to that the state of Intentional Idleness. ARE of almshouse for the aged and handl. as do the capped, serves somewhat for voluntary colonies of Germany of time at the who wanderers those their coming within the law are unfit Inefficienthrough Ignorance, Illness or cy to make their living. Thirdly, Belgium does not expect that any large proportion of Its vagrant population will be reformed. Most of ths vagrants at Merxplas are have who repeaters, recidivists, reached their present position through drink. vaFourthly, Belgium believes that develdisease social a grancy, being canoped through months and years, In Idleness of 30 cured not M days by a demoralizing Jail. The average term of detention is 16 months, long enough to effect a considerable cure, If cure is possible. In Germany and in Switzerland ths treatment of the habitual vagrant Is similar to that prevailing In Belgium. There are 24 compulsory labor colonies In Germany, the average length of sentence being one year. Numerous industries are carried on and the cost Is comparatively small. These workhouses have diminished vagrancy, while the 34 voluntary labor colonies, accommodating nearly 4,000 persona, show no evidence of any substantial Improvement resulting from the tlm spent in the colonies. In Switzerland there are several compulsory colonies, the sentences being from six months to two years. Jnll-yar- chair-makin- HOW SHALL VAGRANCY EVIL BE CHECKED? reb od vagrant Is seat to a malsoa de acting uge, which, besides Instances to tbe penitentiary. Boston, Lowell and other Massachusetts towns report sending some vagrants to the state farm, where there Is a nine months' sentence. In these jails and workhouses tbe labor required, when there Is any, consists ' generally of breaking stone in quarry or In roadmaking, cbalrcanlng, and farm work. This work Is "on paper." There Is little or no effort made to bring reformative Influences to bear on those serving short sentences or to teach a trade. Even at the Massachusetts state farm, where the workhouse conditions are far better than In most correctional of Institutions where misdemeanants the vagrant or Inebriate class are confined, tbe Industries maintained seem to be far more largely carried on as sentences than as chances to earn a living. HORSE c GUI ickl ( I LOCK OF HAIR IS ESTATE. Hamilton (O.) County Enriched That Much by Coroner. Cincinnati. Coroner Cameron turned over to the county treasurer $138.33 unclaimed money found among the effects of deceased persons from Juno 1, 1904, to June 1. 1907. Besides the money, several bushels of trinkets were turned over to Probate Court Judge Malsbury, who will udmlnlster the various estates, sell the valuables and turn the money over to the county treasurer. The property the probate court will be asked to dispose of Is worth probably several hundred dollars. The smallest estate consists of a lock ol hair which was found on the body of an unknown white woman. Two headache powders comprise another estate. There Is one diamond ring of value found on an unknown body and several watches are of considerable value. Eight estates consist of seven cents, In all there were about 200 cases. George Belouche, whose brutal mur-de- r aroused all of Cincinnati In October of 1905, was one of those whose relatives never claimed his effects Belouche was killed by thieves and a red hst poker was run through hit body at his home on Walnut Hills Ten dollars ln gold and five cents were found in hlB clothing. It is supposed the murderers overlooked this money, as the motive of the crime was said by the police to have been robbery. He Straddled 8tats Line.' Cumberland, Md.-F- rank Nlckola ol Garrett county, who had a saloon on the Maryland Pennsylvania state line and who was wanted by both states for selling liquor without a pleaded guilty at Oakland, Md ind Land of Opportunities A Land of Homes The Oregon Short Line Railroad Ca will be pleased to send ueicriptirt aster regarding Idaho's resource. to li. E. Burley, G P. A., or D. 8. Sptf cer. A. G. P. A., Salt i.nke City. U ra Br at f ( 19 itra ire. ter on. Et tel se ;:ei Ta ,M Spanish Fork lid T itlb Co-Operat- oila ivo Th lati 'er, Institution rice Of 'j in Dealers la !lt General imp loud Merchandises Th !ct Flour, Grain 0 tit; eov and Produces Knenfooturers of Uhl ' tten We tl Harness, kom 0 Boots til Shoes. JOHN JONES, Spanish Fork SupL lily The Best Bargain Dei it, fed iy th In reading matter that yw money can buy is your local p par. It keepa you potted M dolngt of tha community. was fined $300. Nlckola evaded arrest the Pennsylvania side by going on whenever the Maryland authorities wanted him, and 8ttl0 when the a officers looked In mcirs of b0,h le and when the Penn-lvanl- a officers stepped Inside Nick- onlv,tonhoOVOr tH ,he A,aryland side, by a Maryland of- - li This Paper Penn-rjlvanl- will tell yon the things yon wJ to know ln an entertaining vrJl will give yon all the new of u visit comrauoity; its tvery weStoT7 pleaaure; it gl than full Talus iot tha iked for prove k a it ch "lor The ICDl ' otch tie; lull '"it! r. hit P |