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Show VLKAN CRISIS PROVOKED BY POWERS GREED '4 , Austro-Hungaria- ' 4 NOT ITIONS IN ACCORD , i jnce to Press Reforms Upon the Porte Crippled y Inability of Christian Governments to Agree -- Quarrel Among Themselves Over Loot and Peace of the World Imperiled. ;elf-Inter- est Louis XV.s The first minister, wrote: change that will take place In will probably be the conquest weak-aus- e rkey. This empire grows of its bad government, and se It Is Impossible that this gov-jn- t should become better, and sure that It will grow worse. and if she had the Intention, she has not the money, This road would cost millions, and goes through a difficult and what railway men call a very lean country. It would never pay; that Is, not within the ken of the present generation, and could only serve a political purpose which Russia will be unable to pursue for many years to com o. On the other hand, Austria has the right to build her railway, or rather the gaps In the present system. It Is a right that was granted by an article of the Berlin treaty, and It has not lapsed simply because the Austrian government has allowed the matter to lie In abeyance for so many years. The other rumored Austrian project of a building a road from her system to the Adriatic, and then down the coast to Montenegro, and ultimately to Greece, is a sound Idea, and one that would pay for Itself handsomely, at least so far as Cattaro, and probably there is no Idea of pushing the road much further In the Immediate future. 'qu!b of Argenson, Bosnlan-Herzegovln- Ready for Roads. Under the fostering care of Herr I von Kallay, the provinces of Bosnia, of Ilerzogovlna, and In a measure, too, Dalmatia have flourished under Austrian rule and development They are J2ar'cZ4ParJ&&&4 peninsula. He visited Sofia and Belgrade, and advised the Servians as well as the Bulgarians to cultivate the more peaceful and above all more lawabldlng methods In their Macedonian propaganda. Count Lamsdorff then proceeded to Vienna, where he had many conferences with Count Goluchowskl, the minister of foreign affairs. Together they drew up another program of reforms, which was, of course, Immediately accepted by the porte In February, 1903. The details of the proposed reforms are unimportant here and now. They never passed beyond the paper stage. The Integrity of the sultans dominions and his unimpaired sovereignty were safeguarded by them, and In their proposals the powers remained well within the limits of policy defined by that Important article 23 of the treaty of Berlin. A Bloody Insurrection. The result of the application of these paper reforms did not remain In doubt for more than a week. Instead Of the pacification and a peace approaching that of paradise, which the bureaucratic Russian count prophesied would descend upon the land, came the most bloody and formidable Insurrection that the rebellion-riddehad , ever country seen. It required 300,000 of the best troops of the Ottoman forces to uphold Turkish authority, and even with this tremendous display of force, the Turks made but little headway against the Insurrection until the fall, when many of the Bulgarian bands, yielding rather before the onset of winter than of the Turks, withdrew across the frontier. n blood-drenche- d n To bolster up their shattered prestige In the Balkans, in consequence of the summer's bloody work, the czar of Russia and the emperor of Austria met at Muerzsteg In October. As a result of this Imperial conference the Intervention of Europe In Macedonian affairs became for the first time direct, but the results of the new course fell far short of expectations, In the first place because of the wonderful ability of Hllml Pasha to checkmate every move made by the agents of the powers, and In the second because of the well-nigInsuperable difficulty that was experienced In bringing the. agents of the powers to act with unanimity or even In good faith. Buffers on Paper. h However, at least, the Muerzsteg program created two organs of control, or buffers between the Turkish authorities and the Christian peasants of Macedonia. Two civil agents, one Mons. Demerik, a Russian, and the other Herr von Muller, an Austrian, Map bo easily converted Into cash. Others were given brilliant decorations and honeyed speeches. It was quite noticeable that many of the foreign officers soon began to exhibit very little Interest In the people whom they were sent to protect. "A vermin-strickeIs the mangy lot, way ooe of the officers was reported to have described the Christian peasants at a concert in Yildlz Kiosk, and shortly afterward his wife appeared with a diamond tiara, which Pera gossips averred she had never been seen to wear before. Making No Progress. So much time was taken In negotiation and discussions, and, above all, In entertainments, that few of the foreign officers reached their respective posts until the fall of 1905. The French were sent to Seres, the English to Drama, the Austrians to Uskub, the Italians to Monastlr and the Russians to Salonlca. The Germans held back even at this early date In the reform era. They only sent one officer, and he was instructed to refuse to enter the disturbed districts. He contented himself with teaching TurkIn the barish recruits the goose-steracks yards of Salonlca. As It has well been said, every one of the powers wishes to modify the present situation, but, unhappily. It would appear that each one wished to modify It for its personal advantage, and, alas, profit In a word the news from Macedonia Is that the champions of Christendom have come to blows, not with the assassins of the sultan, who are seeking to destroy the remnants of the congregation that St Paul loved, but among themselves over a sordid question of political loot World's Peace Imperiled. However, the statements made In the British parliament recently by government officials In regard to the Macedonian question go to show that there was something In the reports telegraphed some days ago about the possible disruption of the concert of the European powers and subsequent trouble In the near east. The secretary for foreign affairs said emphatically that If Macedonia continued to would be neglected a catastrophe follow. It is, Indeed, time that effective reform measures should be put in force In Macedonia for the good of the Christian Inhabitants of the province A foreign general officer has been of the Macedonian in charge gendarmerie with other foreign officers under him, but supreme control has remained In the hands of Turkish officials. As long as that Is the casd real reform is out of the question, The British government, recognls of the Disturbed Region. are rising In the Ottoman ready for railways, and many more of day a feather falls from them. Ten years ago the complaint of of the Turkish eagle. little Servla and the veto of Russia Jlngs man would, of course, have brought these to this 1 centuries there projects to an untimely end, but toago, but dy one fact of the Balkan sltua-upo- day the balance of power In the near which all sane westerners east has changed as greatly as It has and that Is the growing In the far east, and the protests are , gth of the Turkish military ro- more likely to fall to the ground than les, writes Stephen Bonsai In the are the projected railways. reforms The story of the idelphla Ledger. That Is a formld-Ibofof trained and fanatical In Macedonia Is a sad and a sordid some 300,000 strong, that 'tram-,th- e one. Ofllclslly, at least, all ChristenChristian peasants of Mace-unde- r dom with a lcng pull and a pull altofoot, and, after looking gether, has been unequal to the task ituatlon over, the Intervening of making the sick man of Europe sit irs of Christianity have not fallen up, or of bringing the unspeakable his rugged host, but have fallen Turk to book. In England alone of among themselves on a question all the great powers interested, and. Indeed, morally responsible for the way concessions. horrors of dally and hourly occurrence 1H1 Thirst for Advantage. in the luckless vilayets, Is there any czar of holy Russia and ie appreciation of the dreadful situation. who was called to rule Almost weekly the Macedonian comoly Roman empire, are exchang-letters- , mittee, of which Lord Newton and Mr. which, while the diplomat-jrm- s Gurney are the most active members, are still observed, recall the publish statistics setting forth as plainly as cold figures can make them, )' wars of railway kings. The al-- e that the present lalssez falre policy or entente between the powers 3i was to press reforms upon the of the powers has only served to reproIn the Iron age f that would make it possible for duce a tableau of whatbeen. Christian subjects of the porte the world must have England Hampered. jre in peace and yet live Christian has been disrupted by the greed The English humanitarians are hamiln and the thirst tor political pered In their work by the undeniable experienced by the powers, fact that through the action of the ti have in the last decade plumed earl of Beaconsfleld and Lord Salisiselves upon exercising a mandate bury at the Berlin congress, when they Macedonia which they had received thwarted Ignatleffs plan of a greater t outraged humanity. Bulgaria, Including a free Macedonia, is a pitiful end of the reform England Is primarily responsible for affairs. They tie, and the best that can be said the present status of the presence e situation Is that the are further hampered by an of Incompetent In Constantinople atian peasants are not much worse who has given undeniable Jhan they were before, and that ambassador, want of capacity in such who have survived their hard proofs of his as he has occupied in posts blences are probably much wiser Important In Pekin and in St. Petersburg. Sofia, f they were when they began their The first whisper of reform in ileal schooling under such august we call Macedonia came In virwhat tmage. Taking the optimistic tue of the accord of 1879 between Austhe Turkish soldier is not al- and Russia, and their recognition brute and the Turkish etfcndi tria other European states as the powa thief. Looking backward by ers most directly concerned. The adI the more than decimated peas-- i vice of the powers was accepted of the Macedonian highlands It always Is by the sulXless recall the pleasant days of gracefully with the purpose of forestalltan, and the uprising, the days when the ing any possible drastic action had not heard of a Tan-Slaor a sultan himself drew up a program of Hellenic propaganda, when they reforms, and appointed that adroit it know whether they were Servi-- diplomatist and profound student of or human' nature, IIuBseln Hllml Pasha, Roumanians, Bulgarians disturbed iks, and didn't much care. Inspector general of the Th f provinces. Railway Row. Drawing Up Programs. ke railway row Is clearly a pretext bud not the cause of the split In The moment Hllml Pasha arrived at Joint Macedonian policy of Russia Salonlca to assume his herculean task Austria. Russia has not even the the late Count Lamsdorff. the Russian otest Intention of building a rail-fro- minister for foreign affairs, set out hn Danube to the Adriatic, for a visit to the capitals of the Balkan em-Ever-y d to-da- y n y Em-Josep- ad-hg- e to-da- y ta v 4 World-Wid- e Distribution of the Mostem Faith. fesllng, which la At the present moment there Is a srtst revival of the cause of many new and difficult problems wherever east and west coma Into war with tha contact. Moslems throughout the world followed the to the problem of Turkey. A writer greatest Interest, and they are keenly alive Is to believe that the awakening a mistake has pointed out that it In the Times Is due to a movement on the part of the Ylldla Kloak. Ita causes Us deeper, and their oft the that to shake anxious religion la only for reproach Mohammedans are degenerate or conquered races. The distribution of lslamism Is shown In black. Pan-Islam- lo Russo-Japane- utnjvAArirer se - were authorized to and expected to control the action of the Turkish authorities. They were expected to shadow the Inspector general, to Indicate to him the reforms which they thought would prove helpful, and to listen attentively to the complaints of the Christian inhabitants. They were ordered and authorized to investhat were tigate all complaints but unforto their attention, brought tunately the investigation had always to be held In the presence of a Turkish functionary in other words under where no Christian circumstances peasant, after 600 years of Turkish supremacy, would dare to tell the truth. Something more than moral support was required to make the slave of centuries stand up and defend himself. In addition to the restraint of the civil agents, there were appointed a large number of foreign officers to serve with the Turkish constabulary. An Italian general was placed In command of the constabulary reorganization scheme, and to him were attached many of the foreign officers. The scheme proved Ineffectual from the beginning. Instead of commanding the gendarmerie In the field, the sultan held, and Imposed his view upon the powers, that the foreign officers were merely to act as Instructors In schools Six months, for aspirant constables. a delay of tragic Importance to the hunted Christian peasantry, of the Macedonian highlands, was spent In discussing the question whether the European officers should wear Christian caps or the Turkish fez. x In the meanwhile the wily sultan was more than friendly. Those of the foreign officers who could be reached in that way were loaded with rich Some of these presents presents. were undeniably of a kind that could Bar 6CZTAY qt7UPZY' ' lng that, raises the question whether the time has not come for the appoint meut of a Christian governor for Macedonia. The sultan may be expected to resist such an appointment, for he would see in It the prelude to y the loss of the province. Turkish has taught-hithat The secretary for foreign affairs says the concert of powers must either justify or stultify itself. That Is, It must either demand further concessions of Turkey or split up. If It shall do the latter, then Turkey will be obdurate and the peace of Europe may be Imperiled once more. Whether any power is prepared to side with Turkey and block reform In Macedonia remains to be seen. There have been rumors that one or another power would do this, but as yet nothing Is certain. hts-tor- verdure, overlooks a fertile valley where Is spread, like a carpet, every varying shade of green that finally melts In the distance to the exquisite-turquoisand beryl tints of the sea, making an enchanting panorama of transcendant loveliness. The Funny Things One Sees I was next taken to the aquarium, wheie the collection of native fish Is in something beyond the wildest Imagination to picture, and quite baffles description. Little fishes striped In Smiling Round the World like sticks of bright peppermint candy, jostle those that are of a silvery and blue brocade, others of a dark color, with spots of By vivid red, and bridles of golden yellow going about their heads are In MARSHALL P. WILDER tho next cage to transparent fish of a delicate pink or blue or a family of devil fish. There are fish of a beautiful somber purple, and fish of B. Bimlua.) llupyrislit, by white with black horizontal stripes, ' The city of Honolulu, looking from looking like a company of convicts the harbor, does not seem large, from Sing Sing. There are many though there Is a population of 50,000. many othors, those with trailing The houses are so embowered In lux- fringes, or flouting wings; those with uriant foliuge It Is only occasionally eyes on little that turn easily that a roof may be seen peeping out. in all directionspivots like small, conning was out towers; all odd cr As soon as the gang-planunusual, seeming a friend welcomed us with the beauti- like dream-fishes- , or the phantoms of ful but rather embarrassing Hawaiian a disordered brain, rather than prodcustom of throwing long wreaths ucts of nature. about our necks. These are made of carnations, camellas or jasmine, with Kalahut Is a breezy little port, with glossy, green leaves. Women, who a kourthouse and a klub good fellows, make them, sit along the streets In too! and a mercantile marine, and a Honolulu with baskets of flowers and railway, and a wreck In the harbor, completed wreaths beside them; their and all of em belonging to Kalohul. fingers busily engaged In weaving If you speak of the thriving plantaothers. So universal Is this custom of wearing these flowery adornments tions that back the harbor, they'll be that every native one meets has neck sore to ask you If you've noticed tbe and bat decorated with a fresh, Kalo patches? Kalo may be French for kabbages or karnatlons you don't dewy wreath. Time was, no doubt, give a kontlnental, either way but when these were all of their adornyou smile, and say, Great! wouldn't but civilization few has decreed a ing, additions to such an airy, though, no mind having a korner In Kalo some day! doubt, picturesque costume. If you want to go up a mountain, of e course it must be Ilale&kala; It's only Our doubts as to the best method of seeing the sights were settled for got one K In it, by tbe way, but lt'a got tbe biggest krater at the top of It us by our friend, who had an automoever saw or heard of 20 miles In you bile waiting for us on the dock. The circumference, and 2,000 feet deep. It's stone dead entirely gone out of business; but in my opinion that's an on any live advantage of crater. If you want to go up another mountain, try Kilanea It's only another K, and the avenue that leads out to It Is a magnificent boulevard set out on either side with bread fruit trees, mangoes and alligator pears. Kilanea is the biggest thing In tbe live crater business In the world a lake of fire 1,200 feet long and 500 wide, with a surface measure of 12 acres. You hold your breath and say your prayers; and, when a gust of wind carries away the blinding steam and smoke, you look down, down 500 feet Into a veritable hell-firlake, whose waves of flame rise and fall In convulsive throes that shake the very heart out of your body In other words, tbe thing has fits to beat the band, and you wish you hadn't come? But you get all over It by the next day, and If you want to calm your mind and restore your nerves, you take a nice, quiet stroll down Kukul place and kommune with nature. Finally, If you've done anything Heap Devil I Heap Devil 1 to, and get arrested and tadriver told us of his first trip In the ken to tbe lockup, you run up against machine through the outlying coun- the biggest bunch of ks In the whole try. He came upon a Chinese coolie business. The name of the Jug who had never seen anything of the kind before, and stood rooted with That got me! I waa kompletely horror to the road until the driver down and out As far tooted the horn. Then the Chinaman the Hawaiian language goes, fled frantically to the fence, over Im a kwltter! which he plunged, shrieking, Heap devil! heap devil!" When the driver Oh, lovely Island world! Where else-Ihad finished telling us of bis first exthe universe Is there a spot made perience I told him of mine not In up wholly of beauty and peace? Honolulu, but In the good old Empire state, U. 8. A. As I remember It was a fine ride! The fine was a hundred and fifty. I said to my chauffeur (chauffeur Is French for plumber) Let her go! and he let her go. We went so fast, the milestones looked like a cemetery! We simply flew through the air. When the car stopped short I was still flying. I flew 80 feet through the air, shot through a church window, and lit right In the middle of the congregation. Just as the minister was saying: And the angel of the Lord descended! Well, after working four days, with eight-hou- r night shifts, we got the car going; and all went well till I tried to steer. I turned out for a cow, and turned Into a dago" with a fruit stand. There was a free delivery of fruit It was hard to tell which was the fruit and which was the dago We stopped long enough to remove a banana from my eye (you have to keep your eye peeled) and went on. Nothing happened until we got In the midst of a crowded thoroughfare, cv when the blamed thing had the blind staggers; tried to climb an electric To 8tand Upon tho Edge of This Cliff-Mus-t light pole, and bit a policeman In the Give a Thrill! middle of bis beat! That cost the city a copper, and me a pretty penny. Where man and even woman cam cease worrying about stocks, franAn Interesting phase of life In Hon- chises, new bonnets, real estate, sociolulu Is the political speaker, who ety, insurance, politics, and all thetakes the stump sometimes several reat that go to make up the pandestumps, In succession at the noon monium of existence, and settle down hour. AH Hawallans take a keen In- In the shade of a palm tree, royal, coterest In politics. The speech I heard coa, wine, cabbage, screw, fan or nawas In the Hawaiian tongue, the only tive he has a choice of seven unr and smoke the-pipwords I understood beef button his being of this the forgetfulness. said trust; speaker very Oh, happy Hawaii! that hath plainly In English, there probably bereptiles, no noxious plants, ing no equivalent In Hawaiian. As he proceeded from stump to stump, no pestiferous Insects! his audience waned perceptibly 'TIs not I that can do you justice!' perhaps from a native indolence of Let my friend Charley Stoddard, with temperament which could not cling his prose poem paragraphs andhla very long to ono thing. At any rate, mellifluous periods do the job for roe. when he reached the last stump his When he sits down with bis pen dipaudience reminded me of what Peter ped In honey, and his mouth full of Dailey said of nn audience In a New guava jelly, to reel off a few roams, York theater whero business was of ecstatic English In praise of his bepoor. When asked how large the au- loved Islands, he makes the rest of us dience was, Pete answered, "I could feel like 30 cents. And when he delick all three of them! clares that he has traveled the wide-worlover, hut never, never has From politics to Pall a marvelous a spot to equal this why, what transition. This high cliff, garlanded can we do but say, Same here, elL with the softest, and most luxuriant man! IN HAWAII e two-to-on- e e shirt-colla- e ho-see- |