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Show . 1 , .. Both Sides of the j Deportation Question By Frederic J. Haskia 4 WASHINGTON, April 2. The deportation deporta-tion of aliens from the United States has become the subject of a controversy. Thousands of the foreign-born have recently re-cently been hurried out of America. A handful of striking Chinese waiters In New York are bundled onto a ship and across the water In a trice. Several Vilfih caste hlndoos are returned to their native shero, utteriTg dignified but futile protests. pro-tests. Allepod aiiarchibts are sent away by the hundred at n time. No one denies t hat undesirable aliens should be deported. But crlties of the present policy say that this system of cie-porlntlon cie-porlntlon amounts to punlsnment without fair trial. To this the Kovernment replies that It iu proceeding exactly a? It has always al-ways done with l'eHurd to these undesirables. undesir-ables. The deportation of undesirable aliens Is not a new policy. "If you will look in tho back reports of tho immigration coinmlesion," said Mr. O.mlnottl, commissioner general of im-inicr.-itlon, "you will find undesirable aliens havo always been deported. It is tho custom of tho srnverninont to deport nvery year, for example, larce number:, of allenH who aro insane, immoral or criminal, crim-inal, and who. If they stayed, would becomo be-como public charp-ci--. During tho war tnls deportation wan hnpnieticnhle on account of the snortnpe In tranpportatton f:ie'.l-1th f:ie'.l-1th s. fo thnt we now lu:-;e on hand al.fr sl.c thousand unduu"u.ble aiions to b uo- ported at the firBt opportunity. A few of these, Mr. CaminettI says, are apltators who are opposed to our (government (govern-ment or to any form of organized govern-mc-nt. But the greater number are expelled ex-pelled because they are Insane. Immoral or criminal. In support of this "statement, the commissioner general points to the fir-rures in his current annual report, which show that of the ES9 aliens arrested for deportation during tho year ending Juno, 1D18, 110 were mentally deficient, 46 morally defective and 43 so physically defective as to be handicapped in earning their living. , Precautions nre taken at Ellis island to debar this undesirable alien element upon its arrival, but a part of it has always manaeed to sift through the sieve of the immigration officials. Thus, out of 10G aliens deported for serious mental defects de-fects durinp the past year, 3 7 were found to have been suffering from the affliction afflic-tion when they entered, and 89 had become be-come public charges within five years after their entry, on account of insanity or other mental defects. Of the 43; who wore derortcd on the charge of being morally defective, 245 were immoral women, 67 were procurers Co were otherwise connected with the business of prostitution, 67 wore crml-nals crml-nals and only two wero anarchists Most years thero Is also u. polyg.mist or two to bo deponed. While it Is undoubtedly true that the immigration commission has been peacefully peace-fully expelllns undesirable aliens for years It Is also no secret that the deportation of aliens on the chartce of anarchy has taken a sudden rise since the above report re-port was published. Prior to the war the government paid very llttlo attention to the occasional anarchist who made his eloquent. pleas for revolution from the Insecure In-secure footing .,f a soap box: thei -.- were no laws restricting the freedom of speech But in the .edenu immigration net of mi"; and its subsequent amendment of lim congress clearly stated that "aliens who' Vr;lrC.h,'StS- allens who believe In o? advocate the overthrow by force or violence vio-lence of the government of the United States or of nil forms of law, aliens who are opposed to all organized governme. t 'h? teach the assassination of pub--lie officials, aliens who advocate or teach the unlawful destruction of property " or aliens who belong to any organlzat Ion which advocates or teaches these things MSni?nibS,xcli.dctfrom Emission to the" United .States." This clause provides for the anarchist alien's exclusion upon hlS arrival a Kills ls,in(,. 8crtlon 2 provides lor his deportation and section 3 of the return f'ibes a punishment for his 7t Is the ndmln'stratlon of thli art which Is causing the present controversy No one objects to the act Itself in f ,CV everyone ls cheered by the thought that the. country may at last bo rid of People with a passion for bomb-throwing bu many people would like to know that tho aliens deported actually nre gulltv Under the present system of 'administering 'adminis-tering the law, say the critics, L would be possible for a local Immigration To .,U ToyiM ?'1 "n a chn,Ra " " who clid not happen to pleaso him and have him deported. - The w hole in tc Is In hm hands, for alien, arrested for ,1.' portatlou are not tried In the court Then-cases Then-cases are merely reviewed by local mU-ra Ion Inspectors, who arc. also ! . ec delect yea, prosecutors ami hidxeM It Is Just the same, ueclaro tho critics' as if the pollco department were r. , the authority to pronounce s.-ntence. ' -critics further point out that the sy?' ; of birth registration in this counu; far from perfect. In other v,-onU. 1: not always easy to prove that you ' a citizen of the United States, and ' obviously increases tho possibility of . Just deportation. The law provides that the Tvanaut the alien's arrest, together with tho dence on which it was obtained, n-us: i shown to him. j In vniany cases the alien is unnb'., ; understand fluent English, but tho t l ployment of an interpreter is left to -discretion of the immigration incpu'- -The alien may employ counsel. ! Now, in many cases, it is the imrr:?- i tlon inspector who has worked up ' ' case against tha alien. He secured : evidence against him, and it Is only ural that he should wish to believe It is he who ciuestions the man, he r reports the results of tho "hearing," ho who decides whether or not the r Is to bo deported. The secretary of 1 actually gives the order for dopoit!! but he does so upon reconim ndatloi. the local immigration inspector. i This system, according to a well-kn" American judge, is opposed to :ili principles of American and Euclid for the protection oi persons charged' law brenklng. "The person arrested," be al "does not necessarily know who lushed lush-ed the prosecution. He is not pernio to consult counsel until he Ins 1 finally examined under oath. Tlio ft tary who issues the order of deport.!' is an administrative officer who sits f drcds of miles away and never see; hears tho person proceeded aga;ns'-the aga;ns'-the witnesses." The sccrecv with which tho whole If ess Is attended is shown by the i"ri which occurred in New York soraf I ago. A trainload of fifty-three men -one woman liable for deportation nni in New York from Seattle, and Hi '. pants were at onoe hurried to I'll' The press knew that most of tho s were I. V. vv.'s, but it was In'.';0" i to find cut from immigration citv. they were. At length, however, giving the names of the aliens, a"",' ; reasons for their expulsion was is111;;.: . tile acting commissioner of iin"1,-r-.: -4 ill New York. Aeeoi3ing to this i: on of the aliens were ''members of :U' ' v ganization advocating the unlauii - structlon of property," throe were ' cliists and eighteen wen' liis.o1' preaching the destruction of propel. f j This, and other simitar incidents. . 'l led to the charge that this ci.pon-ij policy ig "un-American." r!n'.,'i say that even an anarchist is en'-11 i'-. an open hearing in court, such a-s , be accorded a pickpocket or a in:."1- , They say that this practically " ., portntlon of aliens, many of wlio n -. . merely pollti -al offenders, docs r . for widely from the well-kr.ovn poi-... the late crnr In sending proml'io'" ists to Siberia without takiim" 'lu) I. ' or the public- into his confidence. ' also state that anvone who ceuhl duce either a birth oorthio.ilo or ' ship papers might bo made a a " ' .' this sv.Mem. i- No far. the only reply to these , which has been elicited from tl.J - I mod Is thai it is proceeding "s ."'ij . ways proceeded and that the rctua- ;ify the men.im |