Show 1 I 1 CARP the construction of tie the pond in III the erection of the required dam it la is most important that it bo be constructed ol of the very best material so BO as aa to make it secure against the destructive influence of tile water it ought to bo be three times us as wide ut at its base as it is high si and at the top tile the width should be th alio maim alio height the or water SIP side sho should ild be less inclined iliin tile the exterior one before tile the foundation tit of tile thy lum la s laid tile the ground ft here litre it Is must be dug out to it depth d etli of 2 und a width of from roin 4 t to 5 feet till tile whole leng length of it if tile the ground does doca not consist of 0 loam it ill must list bo be filled up lip with it about I 1 foot dorp deep and this must bo be camped tamped down hard bard 1 second layer follows anti and is disposed of lit in the same manner tills this la Is repe repeated atod tile el clay ay being moistened every t ime if required and then beaten do down wil solidly gol idly this lower stratum is but the foundation of 0 tie the pond or its vicinity this thin it is continued t until the dam is completed complete ol care must be taken however that the construction st and tarn ping down of tills this lower lowar stratum be dono done in layers at mid 1 d that nothing not liing but good clay ie be used in tills this manner tile ahn material of 0 tile the foundation will become a very tena tenacious clous mass w which R will ill not allow tiny iny m water ati r to penetrate the completion of this thia iab laborious task ft ill bo be a n source of ultimate satisfaction ai many disadvantages ni aich might arise after the filling of tile vill ill be done dona away avit with 1 i neli I 1 its agency ac ncy the alio lain into hou lie be made entirely a of cuy for in ir during g t lie greH great leat theat it would dry out too much 0 on ll 11 that side bida inoel to till alie sun sim awl and consequently it rould become full of fissures Bures through which alie water would escape and this might become fr for tile alie 0 on 11 it comit of ilia upi api it e outlet sluices etc ili alio fact must be kert kept lit in blow that such bubli newly constructed da laidis ills will sink 10 per colit cent after A lapse of time of little inure tharl u year u with ith the ilia exception of 0 that portion shirli ims be bern n solidly mado made tile dmn dain should be not sod I 1 tied dod for the draining of till pond at tile the fishing out season I 1 it t silo should 1 lii anif 1 I have live an outlet itt the lower end elid it if no oilier advantageous arrangements ciui call bu be made for the purpose the use of woodwork wood work fur far t alio channel should lif ili avoided its durability not being beiji the most construction would be that the outlet channel consist lonii at either of masonis work or water pipes s which may h bo be illo made eitnier cism of clity or iron rius 1 channel or pipe must be a made that dint it can f ain be tightly or opened again rl ulily if nee deil and inight be provided with two or three fold darlings dar tings to prevent tile ilia escape of the fishes upon the t tie opening of the sluice at the same tims me should be an outlet channel 8 0 V cral feet in in bread that the side of the pond poll d I 1 to allow the water to run this bhim must munt also bo be Ec cured by grating but bill should bo kept open alv ays BO that in case of rini rainy R eat lier or sudden and violent showers of rain or thun dor it in overflowing of tile banks ordains ulay may b bo possible through the lie unexpected I 1 ising of tile tha water lit in the pond pond largo large fish of several hundred red acrin extent some have hae a surface of 1500 or 1 acres havo have generally and according LOrdine UL to their size BW two or three outlets I 1 havo have described slid and which litch pass tho the dam the outflow from these iq ii usually regulated b by ol of the flood gates from tha top p oc the dam dain a so monks are wooden boxes which stand lit in tho the pond 0 n d 1 A at t a distance of 0 a few feel from ilia 3 dam 1 they ale aia perforated like a sieve or are provi provide deil with small adjustable boards tail and wooden pipes run front from them through the dam in ili bohemia they are called carp houses they are how low eyer rarely used in largo large establishments at present only such cul turista making use UBO ot of them who have but small breeds breed ing ponds at their command land and carry on culture on a small scale these locks suffer buffer too much from the water air land and rqn gun as also from the pressure of the tha ice in winter inter so ao that they require confide considerable r repairs at an all early date after their first coming coining into use usa but they serve their u pose fully in ili small ponds especially ally l ly in smaller ponds winch which are ara intended tend a fo for r pleasure or experiment there are so many different ways of constructing these subterranean sewers that I 1 may as well pass them over they belong more particularly particulars to the department of hydraulics it IS la the province of the to find for or himself that which will lie be tile the lest beat and most moat practical method lit in the construction of outlets if it bo be demirel desired to make use of natural ponds of which there ale aie numbers in ever every state of the ilia union it is ili necessary to ascertain whether they can bo be put into the drapor kronor concilion tion for or regular culture this can ony only be done if the influx of water ran can be regulated and the entire drainage of the pond made possible an will be required with such ponds in fit order to re in make ke them dry trunks of trees should be taken out of them and where they are too deep they they should be ba filled u up or if this cannot be done donethey they should be brought into connection with the above described sewers ou on tho bottom of the condl if is p not i ot done dona too r many aan fishes will remain embedded in tho the I 1 mud when the lie pond is being drained and this lessens the profits to a greot great extent should any brooks fall all into such lucli ponds as Is ia grig often the case with large ones they must bo be kept under strict observation on account of possible overflows which might occur it if it ue w practicable r the brook had best beat bo t tamed arn pd off and conducted alongside tha pond when t the he latter can call be ba auppl supplied ed with water it if I 1 required 0 wred such uch brooks mining coming from a ne neighboring hilly billy territory or from mountains I 1 will ewh frequently occasions an overflow if either a ill thundershower thunder der shower or sudden thawing ot of snow and ice should act in in the latter case the ground might be ba too hard with the tha frost to allow the water to run off readily if the overflow should even bo be inconsiderable sid erable it would an injurious influence upon the fishes is as tile the influx of so eq much which in all probability would contain unfavorable sol substances would cold be apt to drive thern them from their ill summer nummer bodden odden badde b iii V violent rain 8 showers howers may cause an overflow within a few minutes which will carry off fishes and eventually may destroy all tile tha ponds ponda to secure against this the con 11 truc tion of reserva such bach as are I 1 contrived on in artificial ponds and a wide reserve ilitch alongside the pond which Is 1 destined to carry off the threatening high water are recommended small dam between betwee ll the tha pond and brook instead e of the reserve ditch will some gome times answer treat rest caution la Is necessary in ili tho the selection of the site for a pond or tha ilia natural pond paid which la Is to be converted aitto it crier carp pond pond Or a flows ernona not only injure tho the ponds and fishes but may result in a still worse disa disaster stert that of earring away the aakhos into waters and and de destroying itro ying tile rolind tile ale iq io carp la I 1 A 14 that the water bo be of 0 the saine depth in summer anti winter if I 1 tile supply 0 of bater I 1 too plentiful grent great quantities of mud are carried into the pond e ein bedding tho the gi grill ms 99 which kro grows a lit 1 it a aisil ai on its bariks batiks tills this in consequence W mill III rot and poison poian the lie water ater TI the to carp limme mediates medin diatel tely desert ilet rt such amer oil account of 0 its odor and retire from their profir pro g r feeding plot claves eg to depths deficient benl in the 0 prod production action of 0 food the mud v aich is being constantly reproduced of 0 tile remainders of plant plinth pro broin these dilt dil erint gil el 1 ives in III 11 mid lid sun imor and thoo 1 I 1 hes leoine leo inu sic 11 ll 3 in consequence lu in case especially y it if they hie raise to the tha surface seeking ill or airliners water be supplied throng I 1 tile the inlet hilet sillick iiii walin tina alloy vill recover I 1 by lulea degrees icea k casualty maun lt ot of tills desei lp lion mit I 1 ini in injury I 1 cry birve ondri I 1 though no billot eil lot ilia I 1 liao hav c taken tik iii pl place j ern huns gates tabes develop themselves from the mud even e en in ili winter but they rarely have say any bad effot a being inbur tons only if 1 the iva nater er is covered by ice alion hon the tha fishes d die ae from froin suffocation for tills reason large ieli be aper apertures tures lire are cut lit in the fee it e or the ali supply ot of fresh air |