| Show o tl rf7 fiUf mfQrarAr CbN1 j BAD EDUCATIONAL METHODS t An cxtroardlnary circumstance in connection with the recent examination for admission to the freshman class of < eu Northwestern university is the report larfl that of litl applicants only twentysix i applcants uraM passed a simple test In English spell af Ing punctuation and grammar tc Of 150 wOlds given out In the spelling examination nearly all of them in common j com-mon use colloquially the failures jM ranged from one to ilftyelght the average aver-age of misspelled words being twenty m eight Jh A simple sentence In English contaln 1 JngMess than fifty words was submitted to the pupils for correct punctuation and capitalization and of the 181 only 1J fortythree were able to perform the task correctly I These facts may cause some astonishment astonish-ment among people who are not familiar A fa-miliar with the shocking neglect of spelling and English composition in the ic public schools of Chicago and vicinity b In most of the elementary and high rj schools of the public school system the course of study Is so overloaded with every Imaginable branch of learning that it Is no exaggeration t say that n i vast majority of the pupils graduating not only from the grammar schools but from the high schools are imperfectly grounded in spoiling grammar English composition and geography The responsibility for all this lies primarily pri-marily as has been stated with the l system now In vogue but the teachers b4J themselves actuated no doubt by influences in-fluences from their superiors and 3 against which they find It elinicult to D contend appear to have lost interest in ein Jmparlng knowledge which used l to bethought 1rt be-thought Imperatively necessary and which never was more necessary than it Is at the present time jc In addition to this many teachers evidently acting upon their own suggestion sugges-tion have I Introduced in the public schools wholly without system and I without reason the practice of spelling P phonetically many words which wJich L through caprice they will not permit 1 U scholars to spell according fo recognized authorities All this IM calculated to unsettle the t pupil and destroy his mind If It ever had lodgment there any theory as to L the origin or Words or their systematic k construction and spelling Li t A cursory examination will satisfy the investigator I that spelling has been practically abandoned in the public schools of Chicago and vicinity It may v be taught Jn a slovenly way in a few of III the lower grades but the assumption I appears to be that scholars 10 to 12 p4 years of age or more have mastered 1 the English language both in spelling 1 punctuation and capitalization 41 The same is tiue of geography I Is I Imperfectly taught up to and Including the sixth grade after which I Ifc abandoned aban-doned Probably ninetenths of the graduates of our grammar school have I no accurate knowledge whatever of the simplest form of American geography lo say nothing of the geography ofthc world at large I In an outrage upon the people who pay roundly for the support of the pub licschool system and a lasting wrong upon rising generations that the time which should be devoted to these desirable de-sirable and necessary studies is 1 occupied f occu-pied to their exclusion in imparting a smattering of a dozen different studies r which Is quickly forgotten and of no L 1 1 h Chronicle possible service to the pupil Chicago w 4 I EXPANSION IMPERIALISM J Mr Bryan says he Is In favor of expansion ex-pansion but is opposed to Imperial 4 i ispi lie defines he former as follows We expand when we take in land for = I settlement to be built up into States The question suggests itself whether the r United States was In an oran r1 or-an imperlalisticframc of mind when it I bought Alaska That Territory has an a area of 577000 square miles or ten times that of Illinois But It certain that Alaska was not purchased for settlement set-tlement to be built up into States Its forbidding climate was well known The fact that It could not bo settled was I I hCsetle < WlS one I of the arguments against its acquisition I acquisi-tion No one who favored the purchase suggested that perhaps In the slow procession pro-cession of the ages the climate of that Inhospitable region would grow milder The reasons often advanced for buying it wore reasons of a commercial nature reasons which Mr Bryan finds so offensive offen-sive when urged In connection with the Philippines The United States must hav6 been In an Imperialistic > mood when it annoyed Alaska Mr Bryans definition of expansion Is correct But the ionsequencOH of the buying of Alaska Alas-ka have npt been alarming The liberties I liber-ties of the people do not seem to have been impaired by l that Imperialistic venture Cannot Mr Bryan he persuaded per-suaded to admit that tho United States expanded when It bought Alaska Chicago Chi-cago Tribune flt KEEPING SECRETS V 11t b A scret like an oyster cannot be kept too close for the moment it is opened ic ceases to exist A French philosopher says u A man Is j more faithful to the secrets of another anoth-er man than to his own a woman on the contrary preserves her own secret il I better than that of another t Tho ixplanaClon given for womans WOlUIS icI prononess to let the cat out of the bag is I that who is afraid she might die and i then there would be no one left to Keep ic Jt t None are so fond of secrets onc secret as those QtL who dont mean to keep them such persons jj per-sons covet secrets as a spendthrift ll tt covets mOle for the purpose of circulation circu-lation My dear Murphy said an Irishman m f to his friend why did you betray tho l 3 secret I told you Is It bclhrayln you call I Sure I whin 1 found I wasnt able to keep it f J myself didnt 1 do well to tell it to i8 8 somebody who could AJ I Secrets are poor property f you c circulate them you lose them and If you 1 F hoop them you lose the Interest on the 7 d investment f What are you Healing up In that en ii velopc so carefully Jones Ij jb i Important instructions that I forgot 11t W to give my wife before I came to town this morning Im going to send W up iJI I home 1iri Will your wife open It at once 0 Rather Ive made sure of that 4I J llnw 1 j V I have addressed It to myself mulL jI put n big plato on the corner of the 17 1 I envelope TltBlta t I OUR INLAND WATERWAYS I III I1i I I At present America has hut 195GG i 1 I miles of iiuvlgif rivers and canals yetI I yet-I the marvelous possibilities of Russian Inland navigation can in many respects id I he excelled by those in America With Je J an expenditure rqual In amount to the tF ei appropriation for pctiKionH by it single y i Congress nearly 200000000 for thu two J i years It has been estimated that an c1tg inland coast waterway could ho made Cj navigable for largo steamers from Pfo l jl 1 vldeilce inlet R I to Calves J i ton Tex and the Kio Grande on the 2 l t boundaryline between the United j I States and Mexico A natural waterway i Ii water-way for almost the entire distance already Z l I al-ready exists To perfect the route hut comparatively little work IH noo sHry r i A H Ford In Harpers Magazine for f4 October tCt cflJ A BRITISH BUNKO 1Tt i Visitors to Glasgow houhl be careS care-S ful not lo allude to the Urut sword of 4 c honor which was prcKonlod by the citi I 1 Zcmi9 to MnJGcn Hector Iae Donald 60 U Reference Is jnadcj9 tho llrstword bc i c cJherGcrllWo ami tno orffilrmi presentation recalls painful memories as the following story will show It will be remembered that when FightIng FIght ing Mac returned home from Egypt after the battle of Omdurman the citizens ct zeus of Glasgow presented him with a sword of honor In recognition of gallant 0 rccoEnllon galant services given for his country and the duty of selecting the sword was In trusted to a commTltevi of three Among the applicants was one J MacDonald and partly with the Idea of giving the work to a fellow clansman of the i distinguished soldier he obtained ob-tained the order the price agreed upon asrccd being 250 In due time the aword a magnificent gold hilted specimen was duly presented and the General took It with him to India When In South Africa he chanced In packing to break the hilt of the sword Upon sending It to a Jeweler at Cape Town the General was amazed to learn that the hilt wag of far baser metal than gold and that the entire sword scabbard and all was not worth more than 7 The sequel 1 Is still more painful When the selection committee were Informed of the jewelers Jewel-ers opinion they hurried across to the business promise I of the other MacDonald Mac-Donald only to rind the shutters up and the clansman flown Then It leaked out that the committee had never seen the alleged contractor MacDonald Mac-Donald at all nor had they previously by ocular proof even established the fact of its existence They had Instead In-stead conducted negotiations with a wclldnssed youth who said he represented rep-resented MacDonald The committee of three are having a new sword of honor made for their favorite soldier at their own expense and they are trying Mirror hard to forget the first oneSt Louis 11101 r HE BASELY DECEIVED HER r rSo So your engagement is broken said the girl In gray Yes it is replied tho girl in brown frowning at the recollection Vhat was the matter He basely deceived me answered the girl in brown You see It was this way I i asked him one day to promise me that he ncvcr again would smoke cigarettes and he promised Then I asked him to refrain from the use of tobacco In any form and he promised to do that Later I told him I had a horror of any one who touched liquor ahd lie agreed never to touch It After that I suggested that I thought olubs had a bad influence on young men and I should expect him to give them up and he said he would I also took up the subject of gambling and made him promise that he would stop playing cards and betting on the races Well you didnt demand a great deal of him did you said the girl in gray I suppose he deceived you in the matter mat-ter lie did Bioke his promise did he Qb no I i could have forgiven that But just when I was congratulating myself that at least had reformed one young man I found that he didnt require re-quire any reforming He wasnt addicted ad-dicted to a single one of the habits I made him promise to break I was a terrible shock and I broke the engagement engage-ment at once There was no longer anything In It to make it interesting Pearsons Weekly r COST OF EXPORTING COAL I has been calculated by f careful compilation of figures that the cost of operating a 7000ton steamer to such an accessible port as Gibraltar calculating calcu-lating the length of voyage and time of unloading as fifteen days is as follows fol-lows Insurance S75 Interest on cost 7fiO depreciation G25 crew 5SO provisions pro-visions 1GS port charges 184 lot age 330 fuel S20J5 this allows full selling price for companys coal used for steam with 100 for Incidentals we have a total of 5637 making a cost oC but S04 cents per i ton for the actual transportation of the coal Upon this basis Raving regard to the present price of Welsh coal and of American o < coal the American product could be put In foreign markets at rates that would make competition simply impossible im-possible Coal could be placed at Cardiff Car-diff the greatest coalshipping port in the world for 3 less than the present wholesale selling price at that place 1 E Saward in the Engineering Magazine Mag-azine for October I STORIES OF DEAN VAUGHAN In the October Quiver will be found an interesting appreciation of the late Dean Vaughan by 1 One of his Old Boys which contains several good stories The article has reference to the lime when the dean was head master mas-ter of Harrow school I was in my second term says the writer that heave he-ave me two proofs of his own strong notions of honor and his expectations of finding the same value attached to It by others It was Billys week for calling tbl and it was popularly supposed that his method was after rattling the names over with l speed which only long practice could give to mark at random some twenty names as absentees At any rate one morning L who had up to that date prided myself on never having been absent from a hill or halfholiday calling over was ordered with some eighteen more to Dr Vaughan at 12 I can now recall the trembling tone in which I replied to the question Where were you at oclock yesterday I was there slra I statement which was repented by the I whole eighteen Very slrangc said I the doctor I must consult Mr O Ctfmoto me again at C On our second ml I told that Billy appearance wo were BUy aJpearnncc positively declare that we werenone of us there he might have made some mistakes So said the doctor every boy who tells me on his honor that he was there yesterday Will be treated as having been rresent I shall trust your word I was quite enough for us those who had really been absent said no and got their punishment pun-ishment the others were treated as being be-ing present As one of thE real culprits said majestically I should feel wore If r took In poor old Vaughan after that than I shall feel doing my lines The second case was a lesson to myself personally I per-sonally I was In the second shell and nall scconc ane we were actively engaged three afternoons after-noons a week In murdering the Al restls For the only time In my recollection recol-lection I was unfairly fagged as boy inthehouse being sent on a troublesome trouble-some errand twice though I protested I did not know my work for third school I went up to school with about half the lesson learnt and was horrified horri-fied at hearing The second shell are too to-o to Dr Vaughan To make matters worse I was head of the form and I < felt that something would be expected of me Things went on very well for a bllhl hoys who were put on knew Homethlng about IL and 1 I waa sibln unhesitatingly un-hesitatingly to answer the questions that came my way t b ban lo breathe won freely I the time was almost up the lesson nearly finished indeed they luiel Jot very much farther than I had Vaughan waa actually closing his book when a now1 idea struck him We have n few minutes more he said 1let me hear how your head remove can deal with this rather dlfilcult hit It was terrible there were all sorts of strange words wicked dialects and apparently parently Impossible constructions 1 made a gallant start a danh a hash came a fearful cropper In my agony over a word that I did not know and stood slknt looking and feeling an Idiot and cxptctlng I knew not what Vaughan began to question me as to whvlhT I had looked nt the loaflon and I replied that I had not got as far whereupon he dtinanded the niison and on my replying that I would rather not glv < It he asked whether it concerned con-cerned myself alone I said No Then said heHave you given aa much time to the lesson as in your opinion It was I In votir power to give 1 replied quite 1 hon sOy that TvtbQuglrt < HoThensaid he Did anything unforeseen deprive you of the time that you had f right to expect 7 I again answered with a clear conscience Yes sir but I cannot ocar what It was Then said the doctor I 1 think we shall do well to consider that the lesson ended when I was about el to end It Just now Of course I take your word The lesson was not lost on the form one thorough scamp said Its an awful shame to lie to Vaughan for he always believes you and besides I be-sides you do feel such a beast I do not feel certain that the doctor did always al-ways believe but I nr sure he knew that his metimod made nine boys out of < ten if they told him a lie under such circumstances feel a beast NEW ZEALAND LABOR LAWS New Zealand has labor laws says John Christie In the October Atlantic under which a systematic effort Is made to give the worker what is considered con-sidered fair pay for his work and to avert and adjust disruptive differences between workers and employers These laws have l been so distinctly beneficial In their practical operation that they have already been worked into the < legislation of several other colonies and their principles arc now In process of active germination in the political soil of England The change thus being brought about is one of the very greatest importance in the mutual sphere of capital and labor la-bor employer i nd employee I rests on the principle of vital partnership and involves the ultimate expression of that principle in practice I may be that America herself will in the end gain by the working of her own example in New Zealand for the I j colon t geographical limitations and social and racial homogencousncss are probably more favorable to the early I development of vital changes than the contrary conditions which prevail In l the United Stabs niul Mi nun tforv Stales may haAe to come for their full l I vitalizing Impulse of progress to the I country which in the first Instance obtained ob-tained Its corresponding Impulse from I them When that day conies or when I I America as a whole through whatever J 1 channel adequately assimilates the I I democratic leaven at work in some of some Us parts then the parable of the mustard I mus-tard of economics seed will be realized in the sphere I AN APPETITE IMPROVER A rent special dispatch from London glvsr the tollowlng serious story I has been discovered that Londons twopenny tube as the new underground < ground electric railway Is culled confers con-fers another benefit besides rapid transit I tran-sit The enervated and debilitated are now resorting to it as n means of restoring re-storing lost appetite This strange suggestion was first made by a gentleman gentle-man who avers he had suffered from loss of appetite for eighteen months but who the first day he traveled In the twopenny tube reached home ravenous and has maintained an appetite I ap-petite ever since by the taking of a journey every two or three days This tonic Is ascribed to the ozone generated gener-ated by the electricity Electrical World and Engineering CHECK ON PROMOTERS The Imperial Supreme court of Germany Ger-many recently decided that any banking bank-ing firm or company selling slocks or bonds must refund the money paid for the securities If the purchasers can show that the company has not lived up to all the promises in its prospectus Such a decision in the United States would probably create consternation in financial circles but there Is no reason why Investors in this country should not be given such protection I promoters pro-moters were held to their promises as they should be there would be fewer bogus enterprises lloated and less watered wa-tered stock would be foisted on the public The trust craze of a year ago I would have subsided much more quickly quick-ly l If the concerns that financed the I new stock had known they woulel be i I liable for the return of the money If I the stocks failed to fulfill the extravagant extrava-gant promises with which they were I boomed < I In the German case In question a I banldng firm had recommended certain cer-tain shares Qf industrial stock as promising a 5 per cent dividend after one year and still more within four or five years The bankers also recommended recom-mended tho new concern as sure to achieve brilliant results and the slock as f good and safe Investment The I lower court held the last mentioned statements to be In the nature of a guarantee though It passed over the promise about dividends as being of a general nature customary In business usage and not of a character to mako the firm responsible for their fulfillment fulfill-ment But the Imperial court on appeal ap-peal declared that the bankers were liable under this dividend promise regardless re-gardless of the point on which the lower court had found against the de < agalnst fendantH The result Is likely to be a considerable increase In the care exercised ex-ercised by promoters in keeping their 1 promises close to probable facts I I Is to be regretted that there Is no I such understanding of responsibility In this country Practically the only I protection of the American Investor is his own judgment We go on the theory that any man with money who can be fooled by a glowing and false I I prospectus deserves to suffer for his 1 Ignorance Nobody feels acute sympa I thy 01 thc men who have lost by the I shrinkage of trust slocks But this theory places a premium on rascality and Is hardly fair to the 1 man who has I Just saved up enough to make his first I Investment It would bo a salutary thing If dishonest or Injudicious promoters pro-moters were held to their promises inexactly in-exactly the same way as In Germany Chicago Tribune ALCOHOL IN ILLNESS In talking with physicians about this subject I have been much Impressed by the frequent and emphatic statements state-ments of their experience in administering adminis-tering alcohol to patients in forms of dlseaee when the bodily activities are at a low ebb They tel me that they I frequently find that people In such condition I con-dition will take without Intoxicating I effects quantities of alcohol which I would under ordinary circumstances produce drunkenness They say fur thermore that there arc many cases In which the bodily functions are maintained main-tained and life is even saved by alcohol when ordinary food could not be endured en-dured In his valuable treatise on Stimulants and Narcotics Dr Ans tic gives the details of a number of interesting in-teresting cases of this kind which he evidently studied with great care From the standpoint of the physiological physiolo-gical chemist this effect oC alcohol woulel seem entirely natural The bodily functions are weakened and the I power of digestion is Impaired While the patient is lying still tho labor required re-quired of the muscles Is not large and the chief need is fuel to carry the body through the time of stress What Is wanted Is a material which will not have to be digested can be easily absorbed ab-sorbed Is readily oxidized and will supply the requisite energy W 0 Atwater I At-water In Harpers Magazine for October Octo-ber I THE MAIZE KITCHEN I Notwithstanding the largo amount of wheat raised here European people need our maize preparations so that the practical question Is How shall we proceed to create the demand and supply sup-ply I the market the same as we have done In rolled oats and In colon hales of which may be always seen piled high on the piers at European ports To meet the Inquiry let me suggest the following 1 Through our Consuls Con-suls and other agencies the differences between American and European maize I ought to be shown to the people 2 depots of supplies ought to be established estab-lished whore corn fours and corn foods could be obtained at the lowest prices compatible with a fair profit 3 tho methods of cooking these maize dishes should hp promulgated at the supply depots Some of these things are now being done in a very creditable manner man-ner The socalled Corn KItchen at the exposition Is truly a success It serves corn dishes 10 from 100 to 500 persons a day and the dishes are well prepared It Is an annex to the agricultural agri-cultural exhibit and under the direct supervision of Mr Charles Richards Dodge the United States director of this part of the fair From personal I knowledge I know that the kitchen has created a Irrqe amount of Inquiry among visitors I would not be In good taste to disparage the grains of other countries while competing for national honors at this exposition I Hfnce the kitchen is not the place to point out the wile llffercinre between bread made from our corn and that made from Hungarian maize but when Il comes to actual buslrioss this i of course is an entirely different question cue lon tionNaturally Naturally this corn kitchen cannot I I supply the flours and meals and grlvs und hominies that anlinquirlng people I demand Hence the functions of the kitchen are limited to presenting the dishes as prepared in the American homes and hotels Hence too It I falls short of the real necessities A Ger necBsites man may like the bread and cakes over so well but If he has no available place In which to buy the meal and the four little 1 I accomplished Our country has practically a monopoly In corn production It is the most valuable valu-able plant thai grows I is rich In j I forage rich In feed rich In food All I I I animal life upon the farm from poultry I poul-try up grows Cod fattens upon ItIL fad which can be afllrmed of no piher I grain Bullions of people in Europe I would be blessed If they knew how to use the cheap corn foods of America and had cany access to them No mind can take In the commercial possibilities possibili-ties of 0 market for this grain In Europe Eu-rope By J S Crawford In thc October i I Forum DEFENSE OF MISSIONARIES The missionaries In China have been criticised for many things I has been questioned whether they had lawful business in China at all They have been accused of meddling In Chinese I politics of thwarting the operations of Chinese law of shielding evildoers from punishment and of making hypocrisy profitable to Insincere converts con-verts No doubt there Is some truth inmost In-most of these allegations No doubt tho missionaries have leaned hard on thje secular arm and relied perhaps too much on Consuls Ministers and warships to promote the ends to which I they have bcondcvoted and their personal per-sonal safety But no ole has charged that at the pinch they have not lived up to the best traditions of their perilous peril-ous calling At least those who have suffered have suffered with forllludc and constancy and those who have died have died as well as any group of Christian martyrs that we know of A good many have died how many we do not know yet nor have we any but meager accounts o their end But so fr as we have learned the Christians In China native and foreign have shown stout hearts and a sure faith < and have faced whatever peril met them with a n unflinching spirltE S Martin In Harpers Weekly SOCIAL STRUGGLE IN ALL RANKS There are but four classes at home said an Englishman after a five years I residence in the United States the peerage the gentry tradespeople and working folk There are five hundred t classes In America In yonder ulg shop where I am the owner Is looked up to as a sovereign by his clerk the I saleswomen speak to a floorwalker with bated breath i the drivers the messengers tho cashboys the porters each form a different social rank Nobody No-body thinks of equality In every alley in New York there Is an exclusive ark locrallc set to which other sets are working up struggling to enter My head swims I have made up my mind to go home where the footing of every man is i secureOctober Ladles Home Journal A HARD TEMPTATION There comes a llllle story from Manila Ma-nila of LIeutCol Marchs struggle against the temptation to be clean says the Saturday Evening Post The Thirtythird regiment had been having C pretty hard lime of It In the case for Agulnaldo In the northern part of Luzon Lu-zon They were ragged dirty and not well nourished Civilization they had not seen for weeks and battles had < been ought and long Journeys had been I taken oer almost impassable trails Kvery man of them from March down would have given a goodly share I of that Government salary awaiting then in Manila to have Just a little piece of soap a great big towel and a I I tub of water And then came the capture cap-ture of Madame Agulnaldo She had various cases of goods and I I Lieut Col then Major March ordered < I I or-dered them examined under his supervision I super-vision for fear of their concealing im I I portanl papers The soldiers obeyed and went with curiosity and Interest through the masses o Filipino wearing apparel and all the laces and perfumes and fans that Madame Aguinalelo hat carried car-ried with her In the Might I Finally they came upon a box holding I hold-ing dozens of cakes of line soap Its fragrant clean aroma arose to the mens faces and they suddenly stopped MnJ March looked too and looked with eager tempted eyes The men looked at their officer Ihe I officer looked a the soap then well It was Madame Agulnaldos not theirs MaJ March ordered them not touch it and lie looked away while they wrapped It up and put it back Surely the Brilliant young West Pointer former commander of the Astor bat tery deserved the tribute which Madame Agulnaldo paid to him while In Manila I do not like the Americans she said but as for MaJ March he Is the nicest kindest man I ever met I DEEP SEA SOUNDING I Dr MII1 described the Pettersson Nansen insulating water bottle Ho oald that Irof PettersKon had In con I junction with Prof Nanaen completed I a modification his wellknown appa I rains for obtaining samples of seawater sea-water without change of temperature I The purpose of the apparatus was to Inclose a quantity of sea water at any desired depth to hold It securely and I to bring it to the surface without any change etf temperature exceeding one hundreeilh oC a degree centigrade The Insulation which was the essential cssental feature of the water bottle was He cured by a series of concentric chambers cham-bers of nonconducting material which were simultaneously filled with water and so protected the portion measuring measur-ing about two litres which occupied till large central tube During last August thim water bottle had been tested 1 by Prof Nnnscn on hoard the Michael 1 Sarx in the sea between Iceland and Spitzbcrgen and at the greatest depth met with SOOO meters or 1070 fathoms the Jnsulatinn was perfect On August llth 1 sample was taken from 3000 meters and when it came up the thermometer rend 1285 I degrees C After five minutes It read 12S3 affer nine minutes 1270 and after I eleven minutes 1210 Prof Nan en considered It essential to use an Included I In-cluded thermometer to secure exacti results re-sults Prof Nausea had also experimented experi-mented with 1 water bottle in which the insulating material consisted in < addition lo the conoenlrlo water tubes of a ring of eighty exhausted glass tubes similar to tit vessels used by Prof DfMvar for liquid cases Us Insu lation was proved to be perfect Lon don Times GOODNIGHT GoodnlRht my burden Rest you there Tho worklnphours arc over Poor weight that had to be my care And why let time discover Tho evening star sheds down on mo The dearer look than laughter At hcsc clear call I put by all I Forbhls mo follow after Free froeMo brcalho first breath again tho breath of all hereafter Goodnight hearts grief and rest you there Until youre sure tomorrow Heres only place for that wide nlr More old more young than sorrow And though I bear from tar without Thoo onglner winds keep revel Oh yet I must bestow some trust Where water peeks her level Where wiseheart water socks and sings until she reach the level unLI Josephine Preston Peabody in tho October Octo-ber Scrlbners GREAT CATASTROPHES The greatest conflagrations which the United States has ever had were the one in Chicago In 1S71 in which 190 000000 of prOperty was destroyed the lire In Boston In 1872 in which the fre damage was 80000000 and the blaze in New York in 1835 in which GOO warehouses ware-houses were destroyed and the damage dam-age was 3d000000 As the population of New York at that time was only I about 250000 or about like that of Newark N J now the loss was severer I se-verer proportionately than one many limes larger would be in 1900 Chicagos lire Ihough and Chicago had a population popu-lation of only a little over 300000 at the aton o onl lte time was the most destructive whichever which-ever occurred anywhere In the world with the possible exception of that In i Moscow in 1S12 Chicagos certainly I exceeded the damage at the conllagra I tlon In London which is called the Great FIe which occurred in 16G0 Johnston Pa In 1859 furnished the most destructive of foods Johnstowns I boinpr from 1 bursting reservoir or the United States until that of Galveston on September 9 1900 The property loss I at Johnstown was approximately 10 000000 and the loss of life was 2150 I The destrucllon at Galveston was over J GOO In Hfeand about 30000000 In property I prop-erty The bursting of a reservoir In I Mill river valley In Massachusetts in 3874 destroyed several llllle villages and drowned 160 persons Floods on the Mississippi have frequently destroyed from 5000000 to 10000000 oC property I at a time and more than onco drowned from 1000 to 1500 people The most destructive tornadoe which ever hit r large city in the United States was that which destroyed 100 lives and 10000000 In property in St Louis in 1SDG Louisville the second largest city ever struck in the United States hy 1 tornado lost 100 lives and 2500000 in property The most ane markable collection of tornadoes which ever visited the United States at any one time was on February f J 1SS1 which II ailllcted Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Mississippi Tennes I see Kentucky artu Illinois sixty hIS r tinct storms being traced on that day I In those Stales In which 1000 persons pcr30ls were killed and 15000 buildings de stroyed t Charleston sd In 1SSC had the se verest earthquake ever experienced In a city In the United States In which the destruction of life was fifty and that of property 5000000 New Madrid Mo and the lower Mississippi valley had a series of earthquake shocks In 1811 which destroyed man villages but the aggregate losses were not us great owing to the region bplng sparsely peo pled and most of It having no people havinG I at all as in Charleston i The coast of the Atlantic and of tho Gulf of Mexico has had many hurricanes hurri-canes and a few tidal waves but none of them approached In destructivcness that which has Just occurred at Gal veston With characteristic American courage elasticity and adaptability adaptabll however the afflicted communities quickly recovered from the effects of these disasters New York more than doubled in population In the fifteen years immediately following Its great fire in 1S35 Chicago has five times as many inhabitants now as it had at the time of Its conflagration in 171 Be fore the embers of Bostons fire of a year later were put out the property 1 owners of the burned district were of fered more for the land which was covered cov-ered than was asked a day earlier for the land and the buildings which were upon It A now and greater Galveston is already rising on the ruins of the old This is the American way Les lies Weekly CALL FOR THE BEST MAN Never before was the call for trained men so loud as now They are In demand de-mand everywhere Not only in tho professions but also In business houses manufacturing cstabllshmentsand even on the farm they are in great demand The farmer who understands chemistry who Is able to analyze the forces oi nature to mix brains with his soil will be the great farmer of the future There is an Increased demand ar everywhere every-where for college educated men We find them occupying the best positions In our Insurance banking manufacturing manufactur-ing and transportation institutions Never before was the call for liberally educated men and women so great as today and the market for brains and education Is constantly widening A manager of a large manufacturing institution in-stitution says that his firm will not accept anything but college men or at least men trained in polytechnic schools if I can possibly avoid It He says that their uliimalo success Is much greater than that of men not educate at college and that they are able to adapt themselves to all surroundings sur-roundings and to meel new conditions better than men with Q limited education educa-tion Oclobcr Success ROOSEVELTS TYPICAL HEROIn In an essay on Clc Helpfulness In the October Century Gov Roosevelt Roose-velt paints from the life this portrait I of a hero of peace As fine a figure a I can call to mind Is that of a country clergyman In a I poor farming community not far from the capital of the Stale of New York a vigorous old man who works on his farm six days in the week and on thc seventh preaches what he himself has been practicing The farm work docs not occupy all of the weekdays for I there Is nota spiritual need of ihs parishioners that he neglects He visits them looks after them if they are sick baptizes the children comforts those In sorrow and Is ready with shrewd I advice for those who need aid In short shows himself from weeks end to weeks end a thoroughly sincere earnest ear-nest hardworking Christian This Is hardwolltlng Christan perhaps the healthiest type I Royal Bread Purest ana best Look for the label Ask your grocer for It |
