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Show In Labors Wide World. in a full day's work rather than a legal day's work. Organized labor in some trades has enforced en-forced for itself the eight-hour day without any legislation, but this can only be in trades of skilled labor whose organization is strong. Unskilled labor and, farm labor, which stand in greater need than any class for a shorter working day, can hardly hope to secure for themselves shorter hours either through legislation or organization. 80 long as there is a large body of unemployed men ready to take the place of the workers on any terms that will give them a living, their long hours of toil at meager wages are inevitable. in-evitable. When a man gets to working for himself instead of some one else, we don't find him 60 anxious for an eight-hour day. The man who has a businesss of his own to look after generally spends more hours at work than ' anybody else, which shows that it makes quite a difference as to whose ox is gored. Felix Holt. FREE VS. CONVICT LABOR. W'hen are the troubles between the free and convict minors of Tennessee to be settled? set-tled? For nearly a year a conflict has been going on in the coal mines there which has been groiwing more bitter every month. After a brief interval of rest hostilities have been revived this week with fatal results. Several weeks ago I was talking with a miner from Tennessee, and he gives a painful picture of the conditions of the free miners in that state. The last legislature passed a law permitting mine-owners to contract for the labor of coavicts at their coal mines. Beveral hundred of them are employed and the mine-owmers wlio employ convicts enjoy a great advantage over those who employ free labor. The consequence is that many free miners have been thrown out of work and others have been forced to accept lower wages. These conditions have rendered ren-dered them desperate and they swear to drive the convicts out of the mines by force. To protect them the mine owners have built stockades around their mines and employed armed guards. Many of the free miners are armed and some of the mines look like military encampments. Public sympathy is against the employment employ-ment of convict miners, but the state cannot can-not break its contract with the mine owners, and the governor will use the entire power of the state to protect the convicts and their employers. It is a disgrace that any state should per-. per-. mit its free and honest laborers to be driven , to starvation wages or out of work for the sake of giving employment to criminals and benefitting a few rich mine owners. Cheaper labor has not resulted in cheaper coal to the consumer, and the amount received re-ceived by the state for the labor of the convicts con-victs will be expended, and more too, for their protection. I believe in the employment employ-ment of eonvicts both on humanitarian and economic grounds, but in this case it would have been better had the convicts never done a stroke of work and been boarded at a good hotel. Woman and Wages. Carrol D. Wright has been enquiring how much less wages woman get than men and why they get less. He finds that nearly every line of remunerative employment is now open to her. She is found in nearly all departments of governmental work, while iu professional life hardly a single field is not occupied by her. In the manufacturing industries in-dustries of Massachusetts ;she forms nearly one-third of the labor employed, and this is true of most manufacturing states or towns. In professional and semi-professional life women are amply paid for the services they render. In the lower occupations their pay is leas than that of men but not to so srreat au extent as is generally supposed. Where they do the same work) as men and just as good their wasres are generally about as high. , The reasons why women receive lower wages than men are: First She comes into the field as a new economic factor. Second Her physical and mental demands de-mands are of a cheaper character than man's which lowers her economic standard. Her lack of physical endurance interferes with her industrial value and affects the quantity and quality of her work. Thirdly, she is not as well equipped for life-work as many, not through lack of capacity, ca-pacity, but through the expectation that her employment will be only temporary and be interrupted by matrimony. This expectation expecta-tion also affects the quality of her work. She has not the responsibility of feeling that she must always work for a living and perhaps support a family, which are among the forces which stimulate men to careful preparation and the best work they are capable cap-able of. Fourthly, lack of combination, organization organiza-tion and direct political power. Wroroan's inferority to man in industrial Why Workmen Do Jfot Attend Chnrch. When I occasionally attend church I am struck with the small attendance of men particularly workingmen. There are a large number of women, some girls and boys and a few men, mostly of the professional class, I 6hould think. There are very few what I would call laboring men. I sometimes think Heaven will be peopled almost entirely by women if its denizens are selected solely or largely from the church-going class. When I analyze the sermons I do not wonder won-der that workingmen do not care to attend church. There is nothing in the sermons to interest them except on rare occasions. What do they care about the story of Elijah, the saving power of faith, the mystery of regeneration? re-generation? They want something bearing on the difficulties diffi-culties that daily confront them; lessons that will be of use to them in their relations to their employers, their fellow-workingmen and their families. Give them something practical and ethical and not so abstract and theological. I don't see why ministers should not treat of wages, strikes, socialism, labor laws and other kindred subjects. They t an be dealt with from a different standpoint than that from which the politician and daily journalist treat them. All these subjects sub-jects have an ethical, even a religious, aspect, as-pect, from which the pnlpit speaker can treat them. Why should the preacher always al-ways take his text from the Bible? Surely there is enough transpiring around us every day to tire the heart and move the iips of every man who believes in the justice of God and the brotherhood of man. LOCAL LABOR NOTES The workingman proposes to be represented repre-sented on the tickets in the coming campaign. cam-paign. Work is good with the boys who stick type, and "subs" are not complaining of no work. The Federated Trades should frame the adage which teaches that there is strength in unionism. There has been no change in the plumpers strike and matters stand now as they did one week ago. It is whispered that George E. Collier of the Clerk's union has put in his application for a marriage license. The prospects for the painters is of a more roseate hue, and the boys who swish the brush are confident of plenty of work for all the men in town. It is not generally known , that R. G. Sleater, ex-president of the Federated Trades, is a member of the Salt Lake police force, but such is a fact, and he looks out of sight in blue. Athol Bennett of the Tribune' swift typos has got the "fattest" take off of the "hook" of life; in other words, "she has promised to be mine" with him and his friends congratulate congratu-late him; Peter McCaffrey, whose silver voice used to lend strength to the Federated Trades, b as embarked in the real estate business, but he li n I lii namo in f arnct In ttiA umrVinfT fl.aaAK has the same interest in the working classes that always characterized him. The new charter of the Painters' union k expected soon, and the difficulty which has divided the union against itself is in fair way to be satisfactorily adjusted. One new membership application is being considered by the union. At any rate Labor day will be remembered in a quiet and patriotic manner by the trades unions and no matter which excursion the reader patronizes, he is assured of a good time in advance. The Cooks aud Waiters' union is basking in the sunshine of prosperity. Sixteen new members have recently added their strength to the order and they report business busi-ness good and nearly all the men at work. Just at present Jack Davcler seems to be the favorite as the standard-bearer of the workingmen and the prospects of the Liberal party offering him the nomination of sheriff in the fall campaign are A 1. Daveler is a representative, progressive worker and is popular with the laboring classes. "The laboring men are greatly dissatisfied with the Liberal party's attitude," said a well-known labor leader to a Times reporter yesterday, "and the great bulk of the workers work-ers who formerly stood up in the ranks for tbe Liberal organization have declared themselves them-selves in favor of the division movement. In the Federated Trades there are eighteen Republicans Re-publicans and a large number of Democrats, and all declare emphatically that they will vote with the party of their political faith. The veto of the eight-hour bill has done much to drive the workingmen away from the Liberal party, and again, the laboring classes cannot conscientiously say the Liberal Lib-eral party is the friend it claims to be of the laboring classes." "The mayor vetoed the eight-hour bill from nn erroneous standpoint," said L. C. Fry, delegate to the Federated Trades for the Iron Moulders' union and a member of. the trades committee on legislation. "The time has long since passed of framing individual in-dividual contracts, and class legislation has legislated out of the hands of the bosses the means of production, and labor must, by force of circumstances consent to whatever what-ever terms the employing classes allow. Therefore it is just and right that legislation should prohibit and guard against the avar-iciousness avar-iciousness of the employers. In my opinion an eight-hour bill will again be introduced into the Council which will please all parties, par-ties, but, of course, I am not speaking of the Federated Trades, but just for myself and from my observations." Labor Day will be a quiet one for the men who earn their livelihood by the sweat of their brow in this city. There will be no parade-of trades unions; no long columns of representative workingmen, with illuminated banners, will march proudly through the thoroughfares of the city, impressing and enlightening the employers of the dignity of labor and the strength of federation. It will he a 6ort of basket picnic day. There will be almost a cessation of business in many lines and the laborers will hie themselves away to Garfield Beach or Cas-tilla Cas-tilla Springs and pass the commemoration hours away in bathing, boating, speech-making speech-making and many other innocent pastimes. The boys who worry over the iudescribabiy wretched copy of unfeeling local reporters, the plumbers with diamonds as big as Oscar Groshell's Koh-i-noor, and the painters will eo to Castilla Springs over the Rio Grande Western with their wives, daughters and sweethearts. They will be out exclusively for fun. Everything that goes to lend enjoyment en-joyment and pleasure to excursions will be found to while tbe houts away. A good time is promised by the alliterative trio-Printers, trio-Printers, Plumbers and Painters. On the other hand the balance of the trades unions will go to Garfield Beach where the goldeu hours will be lost in the merry pastimes of yore, which have mado this resort re-sort almost famous. Prizes will be a feature of the day. Speeches will be made by local lijrhts in tbe labor union and a well-known labor leader from the east is expected who will discuss the strike situation in the east and endeavor to bind up tbe wounds in the laboring body here at home. matters can only be overcome by a better equipment for work through technical education, edu-cation, a positive dedication to the life-work she choses, a better appreciation of the value of combinatiou, her approach to man's power in mental work, and the growth of the belief that an educated and skillful w oman is a better and truer life companion than an ignorant and unskillful one. Mr. Wright concludes that this greater industrial in-dustrial capacity and freedom will tend to a temporary decrease in the number of marriages mar-riages and an increase of divorces, but not to any alarming extent. Women will not need to go into matrimony for the sake of being supported, and many of those whose married life is unhappy will break from it when they can support themselves. But with complete independence marriage will be more likely to be happy and congenial; it will be placed on a more enduring basis than that on which it now stands. Finally, if woman's industrial emancipation emancipa-tion and equality be accompanied by political politi-cal equality with man and the right of suffrage suf-frage so much the better for the purity of political and social life. Mr. Wright seems to be as much in favor of giving her equal say at the polls as equal pay in the shop. Homes a Hindrance. We are generally taught to believe that the possession of a home by a workingmau Is a much desired thing. That it renders him a better citizen and a more careful aud conservative member of society. But according ac-cording to a Philadelphia writer, the possession posses-sion of a home is also a disadvantage to a workingman. He admits that Philadelphia has fewer slums and the workingmen own more homes than in any other city. But it also prevents him moving about where he can (ret bettor wages. It prevents him from striking for higher wages where he is. His employer can reduce his wages with impunity, impu-nity, and competiton often forces him to do so. In a recent railroad strike in Pennsylvania Pennsyl-vania one of tbe managers brutally declared, "We are not afraid of the Philadelphia end of the road. Philadelphia men can't strike. We can do what we like with them. They own their homes." As a matter of fact, wages in many trades in Philadelphia are lower than in any large city of the land, and just . because the workingman there does own his home. May it not be better in other cities where men can earn higher wages and live a cheap tenant and be independent? inde-pendent? If his employer then tries to cut down his wages he cau pull up and go elsewhere. else-where. It is also said' that there are few cities where mothers and children work more than In Philadelphia. They have to help pay for the house and as these payments usually us-ually extend over many years it is often a pretty hard grind for the family. Labor organizations do not seem to prosper pros-per very well in Philadelphia and although it is the headquarters of Knights of Labor, yet the whole number of Knights in the rity is only about 1500. The fact is the Philadelphia workman is afraid to join. He has too much at stake to take many chances nd is, therefore, less independent than elsewhere. May the time soon come when the workingman can own his home and have good wages also. In Defence of liaskin. Mayor Baskin's veto of the eight-hour ordinance or-dinance has aroused no little criticism particularly par-ticularly from organized labor, yet I cannot help but think that the mayor's position is a tound one. Why should it be expected that men 6hould only work eight hours on public works when they have to work from nine to twelve hours for private individuals and torporations ? It may be quite true that tight hours is sufficient for any man to work but no man ought to expect, ten hours pay for less than that number of hours work. ' Kor do I think that an eight-hour working lay can ever be created by legislation. Thirteen of the states now have eight-tiour eight-tiour laws on their statute books, but the law is virtually a dead letter. In most of ihese states a provision is made enabling Ihe employe ana employer to mutually agree Jpon a longer day. In Wyoming the eight our day applied only to work done in the ilnes and was supposed to be for the bene-t bene-t of coal miners. The owners of taines overcome this law by pay-Jsg pay-Jsg by the hour,, so . that if a fian worked six, eight or nine hours, he Iras paid in proportion to his working day. Vs was natural, most men preferred to put |