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Show THE G0SS WEB PERFECT1NG PRESS NOW IN USE BY THE SALT LAKE DAILY TIMES. ,., Machine Which IYints, 'f id Toms 12,000 Complete PoPer Hour. ttol of the Press Which Was ;,lt Fpresslv for the Salt Lake Daily Times. , Into the Secret Depths of a-Mod- I Metropolitan Daily Newspaper News-paper Qffice. Instructed in the Art of Col-.-nil rul.lfshiuff the Daily ' Ercnts of the World. Transformation that Ohanges 'ind Incidents into Cold Bright 't-lal With frficiE6 Regularity. lard-i'oilins Muter as lie Ap. rsatall Points of His Domain Tom Early Dawn to Dusk. Visible in the Inky andMys-;s andMys-;s Eealms Where Stereotyper and Pressman Eeign Supreme. nss, With New Press, New Dress, J Engine and New life, is now ii the Front Bank. , Sin Lake Times, which M as a .- a?o changed from a four-page ;eU?l,are paper, and which is to imlarsize from this day, is now I "cm ;i (loss perfecting press a ! i:if tin' inventor's art. The paper '., b?mi thoroughly equipped with iiress of type, a new eugiuc, - and appliances usually required by a .ulitan daily newspaper, which dies now claims to be. , ost of these new improvements 315.0O0. and the enlargement of :iht, the adoption of new ' 4 and the employment of an ad-,1 ad-,1 force in all departments have tripled the expense of publishing 'DIES. THE TIMES OFFICE iied at No. 12 Commercial street, it iloor is divided into the count-,m, count-,m, editorial ami reportorial ami the composing room. The i nt is used as the press room and yping room. - oW A NEWSPAPER IS MADE. printer waits with outstretched or the copy prepared for hiin by itor. The stereotyper chews his : nervously aud expectantly while lit villi impatience the "form," Lien to him by the printer. . Tho and circulator stand at the end line, suggesting oil for this and ng on the press, hoping to goad living movements. The result of implicated interdependence is is well alongiu the day when the .au is able to get his' lingers on t stereotyped plates and rush mto the cylinders. His is an n task, and as the afternoon in and he thinks of trains that " made he waits impatiently with ; 'clock ticking off the secouds in I" liini. THKrniii'rMvn nnrivi coming thousands keeps iu time with the hub and throb of the new press, which combines all the latest improvements improve-ments and turns off many more papers an hour to meet the growing demand thousands more than were even deemed possible a few years ago. The latest web perfecting press as manufactured by tho Goss Bros., of Chicago, which now goes through its daily convulsions iu The Times building-, is the most vivid commentary on the fast time made by the. American public. More than all it is a pulsiug, sonorous epic ou the growth of a thriving thriv-ing city, which strides along at such a magniticeut gait that nothiug else but the adaptable daily newspaper can keep pace with it and maintain tho stride. Most of the worthy inhabitants who enjoy a fresh-baked newspaper know little of the toil and trouble which its preparation entails. They see little aud hear less of the rush and rattle which makes a newspaper office a swarming, excited hive at all times of the day. They know nothing of the constant struggle maintained by the editor, the. printer, the pressman aud the circulator . to get the clay's news scattered over miles, of country before the sun rises. To them a visit to The Times office would be a revelation. The departments mentioned herein arc separate sep-arate aud distinct. There must be a "come Jo time" feeling among each or the complicated mechanism is set askew and the evening paper becomes a night journal. MAKING IP FORMS. Now comes tho foreman or oue of his staff, and the type, after being soused with water, to prevent its falling apart, aud in the technical language, of the compositor getting pied, is placed iu the forms. These are great, steel chases of great strength, each mounted ou an iron carriage or turtle," in order that it can bo moved with ease. The process of making up a form is one that requires skill, as the paper i iust present a good division of heads aud a neat appearance. appear-ance. The. type must also be handled rapidly. As fast as each form is com- furnace there is a large quantity of seetiiing molten stereotype metal. Two meu with big ladles swung on long ban dies dip out more than enough of the bright, heavy liqtiid to make a page form, and pouring it with a skillful dash into the casting box, return the ladle, open the damps, withdraw the hot cast and place it upon the horse of the sawing machine, where it is automatically clamped, and with one hand tho operator opera-tor with a few quick turns, trims off both ends of the semi-cyliudrieal cast to exact length aud proper level. It is then dropped into a semi-cylindrical lap of a shaving machiue. in which a knife reduces the thickness to the standard, leaving the east with perfect inner surface. sur-face. From the machine it is moved and put upon another horse, upon which its sicles are planed straight, and any largo open spaces quickly cut away to greater depth. Hot as it is, it is rushed to the press. The entire time of making the matrix and casting tho plate is less than fifteen minutes. The plate is three-eighths of an inch in thickness and for one page of The Times a plate weighs nearly fifty pounds. THE GREAT WEB PERFECTING PRESS. As great inventions progress they become more compact useless parts are eliminated, and useful parts are made more delicate aud at the same time more true and faithful. Where The Times' old press threw off twenty-five twenty-five hundred, copies an hour, the new and the latest turns out twelve thousand copies of an eight page paper. The rise of the press from the time of Guttenberg to the great metropolitan daily is a history of civilization iu Itself. The rough, cumbersome machine of 100 years ago, bears no more resemblance j to the most modern apparatus now iu The Times . office than does the eight-day clock of that time to the ormolu or-molu ornament of a timepiece now found on the mantle of a lady's boudoir. bou-doir. The whole involved ami complicated compli-cated process, from the time the copy leaves the editor's hand until the newsboys news-boys aud carriers take the sheets, is oue out.. ,,. l. ,1 ...i of a large cylinder around which revolved re-volved iu contact ten to adoen smaller ones, and with this tho discovery of the stereotyping process brought on the Hoe double cylinder, with a capacity of 1000 to 1500 an hour. Modem presses print both sides ou ono journey. The cylinders, printed only one side, and necessitated sending the sheet through once more. The real perfecting press camo in about twenty-live years ago. The tirst machine was put on tho market mar-ket by Bullock. His tragic death stained the early annals of this improvement. im-provement. Bullock was running i'ue tirst press iu the Philadelphia Ledger office when, in some way, his foot became be-came entangled in the machinery. Ho was drawn in, his leg crushed to a formless mass, blood poisouiug set in and Bullock died a martyr to the ou-ward ou-ward march of progressive genius. Still Bullock's machine did not incorporate incor-porate a folder. The folding was done on a separate machiue. The next improvement im-provement was the addition of a folder to tho press itself. Tlds allowed a rapidity of 4000 or 5000 eijfnplete papers an hour. Hoe and Scott presses appeared, ap-peared, improving tho original Bullock, the inventor of which still retains tho priority in the fact of haviug been the tirst to use the web or continuous sheet of paper, rolled on a core and from two and a half to three miles long. Now the press itself is ready for a description. Esseutiully a perfecting press for an eight-page, taper consist of a roll of pa)r sewral miles in length, termed the "web;" and a train of cylinders placed in pairs oue above the other; a pair of cutting cylinders; aud last of all, a foldiug machiue. These essential parts are arranged as follows: At the end of the press is a roll of paper; next comes a pair of cylinders 12Jx;)0 inches in siie; the upper one is the plate cylinder, -upon the surface of which arc , pages four, live, two aud seveu of the newspaper. Just below this cylinder and in dose contact with the surface of the type cylinder, (just like tho rolls of a clothes wringer) is another cylinder covered u-itli fi'lt. These cylinders, of course. same way as for any other kind of press. It is only after the type is placed aud locked up in the form that a different differ-ent process is adopted. The slower presses employed iu many country offices offi-ces take their impressions from the type Itself, which is placed two or iuoi'0 pages at a time on a lieay bed of iron, which Is made to move forward aud back with each impression im-pression or the printing of one-half of a paper. Every schoolboy who ha studied natural philosophy kuows there is a limit to this kind of motiou, with its weight of throe-quarters of a tou, without with-out some purl of tho press giving way under tho straiu. On the other Iwml, that same boy well kuows that there Is practically no limit to the motiou, or number of revolutions that can be applied ap-plied to an evenly balanced cj Under, To get this page of type, with lis thousands of letters, points, and spaces, into the form of a cylinder, was the problem before the invention of a web press. kxcei.uu uv none. The press formerly used by The Times, and still in operation in slower form in many daily newspaper offices in the country, could not be made to acquire a speed of nioro than 2.W0 an hourvvith-out hourvvith-out detriment to its liner parts. The new press prints 12000 papers with ease iu the same time. Tho spraying machine, by which the paper is dampeuod, presents a remarkable improvement. All other "sprays" for web presses fall from above and the eousoqueticelstbattho center of the roll is soaked whilst the edges remain dry. Iu the Gnss machine the water is forced from below onto a splash board over which the paper passes and Im thus evenly wet throughout its whole width. The Times' new press comprises uearly 81)00 separate and distinct pieces. After its construction it was set up in tho shops of its Chicago builders and operated with a view of ascertaining if its bearings were at fault and if the multitudinous pai ls properly discharged their several functions. After passing a severe mechanical lest and a careful inspection, the machine was taken apart, boxed and shipped to this city, u'lii.i'n il n nveil l'isl week and bassilice been in course of pulling up. An ex-perl ex-perl machinist, one of Ihelioss Brothers, lias performed the task of conl ruction, and tho machine operates faultlessly. Tho first of these presses was set up ill December, three years ago, for tin-use tin-use of the Telegram-Herald, of Grand Itapids, Mich. U has been wonderfully improved sinco that time, and now there are nearly lilly of them iu use, Iu a short time a day will bo set apart for the public lo visit this office and inspect in-spect the tiew press while in operation. At present everything is new, and it w ill naturally require several more days before be-fore everything is vvorkiug to tin; perfection per-fection which Tut. Times expect to attain. pletect anil jockcci up u is wneuieu on to an elevator and sent down stairs to the foundry to undergo the stereotyping process, for, although it may seem strauge to many people, the type, never goes into the press. THE STEREOTYPING FOUNDRY. ""The elevator running to the basement is provided with improved safety catches to protect in case of accident. The carriage car-riage containing the form of type haying hay-ing been wheeled to tho elevator, it descends to the basement. Here it is taken iu chargo and wheeled rapidly across the press room to the stereotyping stereotyp-ing foundry. The process of stereotyping is very interesting. Once iu the foundry tho form is taken by a stereotyper and rapidly put through tho process, which docs not occupy longer than twelve or fifteen minutes. To make a stereotype plate of the form, or page,' tho mold of the type must be had. Two sheets of matrix paper, which is soft like blotting paper, although much stronger, are pasted together for tho back of the matrix, and on oue side, to produce a face for the mold, arc pasted three or four thicknesses of very tough tissue paper, one above the other. Matrices cau be made a day or two ahead and kept well soaked with water in a vat supplied sup-plied for that purpose until they are needed for use, when, wet, but tough as they are, a green matrix is quickly Ollt Olll; IU1UI.I ,1L1WH tH, wuw ........ combines more features of constant change and constant rush than any other business under the sun. The transformation of news from the hieroglyphics hiero-glyphics of the reporters or editors to a neatly printed page, iu the course of a few short hours, is one of the modern mental wonders. It is an index of the rush of the ago. In this, no account is taken of what necessarily must (ill up tho larger portion of the time, the collection col-lection of the informatiofi aud data. When this is accomplished the secret of the daily newspaper life is to get Into the mails and tho hands of the newsboy without a moment's delay, without any pondering rumiuation or muscular rest. DEFINITION OF A. "PEIiFKCTOIt." A perfecting press is, as its name implies, im-plies, an apparatus by which papers are prepared ready for sale without manual operations after the work of finishing the typo matter is done. A perfecting press is furthermore tho embodiment of the inventive genius of tho mechanicsof 300 years; it, represents a wonderful evolution evolu-tion from the crude germ of a printing press worked by a ponderous screw with which Guttenberg printed his biblo iu 1470, or thereabouts, to tho marvel of mechanical aud inventive skill seen in every large newspaper office at the present day. The really fundamental idea of a perfecting press was conceived in 1T!)0 VjV Nicholson, but his ingenuity failed to reach the point of practicability practica-bility and it was fully fifty years before tho idea of attaching type, to a moving cylinder was made practical. Iu the meantime, the Columbian press and revolve in opposite directions. In the secoud pair of cylinders, ono contains pages one, eight, three ami six- of the newspaper and the other is a "blanket" cylinder, as in tho lirst pair of cylinders.. cylin-ders.. The sheet of paper is unrolled from tho "web" reel and passes belwenu the first set of cylinders, (just as a sheet passes between tho rolls of a clothes wringer) and lo! pages four, live, two aud seven aic printed. It then passe through the second pair of cylinders, and pages one, eight, three and six appear ap-pear in black aud white. After both sides of tho sheet are printed it passes into a pair of cutting cylinders which separate the web into sheets. This cutting cut-ting arrangement consists of two iron cylinders, one bearing a projecting logitudinul knife and tho other a longitudinal longi-tudinal slot, which interacting as the. cylinders revolve shear the paper as effectually as a pair of scissors, but as rapidly as the wiuk of an eye. The papers, printed and out, nro carried at once to the next ingenious arrangement, the folder, aud emerge at the end of tho press folded and counted ready for delivery de-livery and sale ou the street, This is, in all essential operations, the mechanical mechan-ical part of the newspaper making after the form leaves the. composing room. Previous to printing npou it the paper is dampened by a line spray of water beneath the web, a slight moistening being necessary to the best work. With such a press as this 13.000 impressions, 12.000 complete eight-page papers, printed, folded and counted are made in an hour! Yes. this is a f;i.t realm of the printer. The raat-t raat-t tlm paper emanates from two -;the husiuess office and the edi-nil edi-nil reportorial rooms. The bus-imager bus-imager runs his eye over a lot of .-inj; matter that has just been ill. places upon it tho marks to ' ' liow much space il. is (o occupy 1 l"iig il is lo appear. But the. tin- matter comes from, the edi-I'i'Oin edi-I'i'Oin The reporters, having tlm results of their searches in shape, hand them to the city who, satisfying himself as to tho ilical correctness, policy aud ; of the copy, sends it to the if? liiioii. -Here it is cut tip "alt sections, each called a lliese are hung on a hook, upositor, haviug completed his te," takes the piece of matter itetou the hook, and in this way " article is frequently cut up ''itlwl among leu or twelve com-!;.(!acli'-tako" being numbered so "utlic type is dumped ou a gal-is gal-is in ils proper order. A juvc-awn juvc-awn as the galley boy, thou :e galley, or brass tray, in which Tj.v set type, has been placed, and -'ton a, proof press takes an ini-" ini-" This goes to the proof-reader lan hod for errors. Hiiro the f the compositor is shown, "' vho makes tho fewer r f errors escapes the ill "it proof-reader and the task of 'H the work or his follow ' After the proof-sheet has fwgli the hands of the proof- sometimes resembles a Chiuesc llien it is corrected by the coiu-?- and, if necessary, a revise TMs is also searched for errors -"ably another revise is taken, aphical errors having been tod the tiual reviso goes to the : "? editor, aud if satisfactory, is with an "O. K." mark. The B0,v ready to be locked up iu the ft'iPABIN-G TOE MATTER. '"Ilc-ttioa of the day's news is the preparation of it for tho 011 of the public is another. hut a few hours iu which lo :';!in this herculean task, and 'tniug an encyclopaedic grist of U"U and new matter is turned in book form, would present "taiik- appearance. With the nf The Times' circulation by "hustle" becomes a vital ration. A few .moments' delay 'position, make up. stereotypes stereotyp-es work may mean a train lost ,N disappointed. Willi the - It Lake that of The Times Curate, and the bustle of the spread over the face; of a page ot typo and with a fine bristle brush is sharply pounded. By this beating tho paper is forced into every depression of the face, of the type, making au intaglio or matrix, mat-rix, in which the eutire contents of the form cau bo read from left to right. The form, with its matrix still ad-huriug ad-huriug to tho face of the type, is then put ou a big , steam table aud covered with a thick felt; the platen is brought down with a heavy pressure aud held there from six to thirteen minutes, while the matrix is baked hard at a temperature tempera-ture of about three hundred degrees. After being trimmed square and to size with a pair of shears it is then almost ready for casting, but tirst any great depressions iu the reverse side of the matrix are generally reinforced with felt backing pieces to cuahle such places to withstand the pressure of the hot metal. The reinforced matrix constitutes a tough, llcxible mold, which is then dusted with French chalk and uext bent around the concave side of the semi-cylindrical semi-cylindrical casting box, the outer and inner shells of which are brought to-1 to-1 gether and clamped firm, so as to leave a space about three-eighths of au inch between the face of the matrix and the core of the box. The casting box is balanced upon trunnions, so that it can be readily handled. In a. huge metal Hoe's great cylinder press were pio-d pio-d need, but they could not keep pace with the ever rapidly moving world, aud as is always the case, when the, world was ripe for rapid work iu newspaper making, then came the perfecting press. The invention which overcame the obstacle ob-stacle poor Nicholson stumbled against iu 1700, was the artof stereotyping, i. e., the casting of plates of type metal in a paper matrix. . The crudity of tho early years of the century was the hand press, known as the Washington, in general use iifty years' ago. In this the roller was pulled over tho form by hand, and 200 papers au hour was considered very rapid work. Tho next development, which introduced the cylinder o much studied after, was the drum cylinder press, of which the Potter, Hoe and Tavlor were the best examples. In" these a drum traveled over the form. The secret uf accommodating accommoda-ting the form itself to a cylinder was still undiscovered. A speed of 300 papers pa-pers an hour was accomplished by this. This was improved by the introduction 41 S MECHANICAL DETAILS. It remains to give a few facts, relative to the dimensions of the now perfecting press.and its great advati gages over the old stylo "cylinder presses." It Is 12 feet long by 8 feet in width over all. and weighs eleven tons; the cylinders arc 121 inches in diameter and 40 inches long; the roll of paper ou tho "web" coutaius three miles of paper in one continuous roll, 4 iuches wide .tad weighs betweeu 400 and 510 pounds. The type cylinder is inked by a series of gelatine rollers iu contact at all times with the "plates" and fed automatically automatic-ally from ink reservoirs. The requirements of the web perfecting perfect-ing prc.-s do not produce any greater strain upon the minds of the cihiukcj " of the newspaper olliic than an old Guttenberg press, as might fairly bo imagined. It deals almost entirely with the manual part of the operation, and more especially to that pail of it which is carried on below stairs. The lyie for the reading matter aud advertisements has to be set up ly componitors in the i |