| Show EVENTS OF 1929 PASS IN N REViE V Noteworthy Happenings of the Year in the United States and Other Countries By EDWARD W V M MANY ANY happenings contributed to torun toivi making run kIng UK the year rear 10 hl highly In- In Interesting In Interesting to tile the observers of ot human events e and nt tit times exciting for some ot of the participants therein First In In In Importance were the long t s taken toward the or of peace pene and amity lut the world These were the thc visit of ot Prime l Minister ter MacDonald I 11 of Great Britain to resident Hoover er followed by hy the announcement that under their administrations the two great speaking English nations would co operate to prevent war and II ly by the Invitation to France frune Italy Haly and Japan to participate par w l willi h the United States and Britain In another conference for tor limitation the formal accept acceptance ance once of ot the time Briand pact hy by nearly all nations the ilie ot of German reparations hy by the Yo Young III I the lie liquidation of other war problems and the begin begin- beginning hl nine begin ln ning of 01 the evacuation e of or the land by the ollies Mars Mrs wu was almost Idle throughout hout the year The fhe only serious armed conflicts were the lie war In tH between t Cen the Chinese and the perennial Iler ch II war wu In China a Moody bloody bui but futile In Mexico and a o hitter bitter struggle Ie fur for forthe forthe the throne of 01 An log J log IDS of ot Arabs against Jews In tine Pales tIne cost ninny lives lI hot but was speed s fly quelled hy by the British In III the United States Slate the most mo of t talked talked-of event was the collapse In Inthe n the autumn of Inflated stocK prices on the Hie exchanges s which took from a 8 host of amateur speculators paper profits of many billions of dollar t The calamitous le depression lon that might ha have e resulted was u averted when 11 Pres Ires President 1 ident louver Hoover called Into conference the leaders of Industry finance and labor r and obtained their pledges to support his bis pro program ram ni for and increasing prosperity A At I the I same time Secretary o of time the Tr Treasury lI ur Mellon announced that the he adminis administration would recommend r lomm that cor corporation and und Individual Income Inome ta tax rates for 1923 11 1 29 9 be reduced d by 1 percent per percent percent cent and this tills plan was supported IJ by leaders of ot both bolt parties mind and noted acted on with celerity b by con congress n ss In Decem December tier ber In Its special pe lal se session son during time the summer congress ress enacted a l farm re re- reIse r relief Ise lief Het law luw and a federal farm board acting ng under Its provisions pro was soon In operation oll with wilh ample funds to aid the n agriculturists house linuse also a tariff hill raising many or of orthe the rates rutes hut but the senate controlled by a coalition of Democrats and tad rad radical ical leal cal Republicans wrote re-wrote time the meus measure are Ufe on other lines lilies and the 8 sy y went over o to time tile re regular session that opened on December 2 Li INTERNATIONAL x t A 17 T 1 ItE HEN FEN Gen Charles GUlls Gates Dawes V V after doing a 1 little jog Job of revis re revising tug ing In the public of ot Santo Do Domingo mingo went to England as American he immediately con n wit with h rime Prime me Minister tr MacDonald l with a view of clearing up the differences hl H en enlie the lie United Slates mid and Great concerning limitation o of naval al urma and und preparing the lift wa way way- for an un another another other conference rence renee of ot the chief na Il naval 1 powers The two statesmen found agreement easy and early In do October O r Mr l MacDonald carne came over o to discuss that and allied questions with President dent cn t Hoover 11 no er Thel Their I COli were equally satisfactory and the they that the two nations would renounce war with each euch 01 other her and und co co- cooperate operate co-operate operate to preserve pence throughout the world The spirit of oC good will In infused n fused all nil their utterances and even n the suspicious French were rI reassured when both bath Mr Hoover er and Mr Ir Mac Donald Donnld declared thIs tills Anglo entente was aas not designed to 10 take nice the least advantage e of any oilier other nation rime ground thus us being made I ICI ready CI France l Italy and Japan were I invited n 11 t to participate In a n conference In Lilli L nIon doll In January for the lie purpose pin of If ex el tr ex and nod supplementing u l time the nh Inton Ington treaty of ot HI They were told lull t at t the British mind Iud American govern go torments still d desired the time abolition of the submarine but hut reo ed that no final settlement on tills this subject could tIe he except In conference with the other oilier naval powers lOWerS President Hoover Homer named d ns as 9 Amer can delegates to 10 the nce Sec Secretary of State Stimson Secretary of the Navy a Adams Ambas Ambassadors Dawes ind mind and Senators heed of Pennsylvania anla and anel of Arkansas Adjustment of Reparations Reparation Germa reparations were readjusted readjust readjusted e ed by the commission of headed by lIy Owen D 1 You Young lie of the United Stales Slates and the lire plan pion of ter feted d was accepted by all 11 nations con concerned though Germany professed sed to tobe tobe tobe be disappointed with it and Great Greal ilin Br would not nol accept the division ot of payments at al first suggested The were w consoled liy hy the result lug evacuation C of the thc lung before lime III time lime set act by III tile the o of Ii Withdrawals from from two tWI of the zones was completed lute lut In tIll year I ar and Dud by the time rol dle of ot December ter all the British troops had departed One of ot time the most Important features ot of the thc Young plan was time thc setting up In Basel nel Switzerland of a n Dank Bank of International Settlements cents The allied nations notIons and Germany settled most of ot time the remaining war questions Including the payments pay payments ments to Belgium for tor the worthless German marks left In that country PremIer Briand of France being then In an optimistic mood presented to the representatives e of 23 3 European countries hIs Ills plan for n federation ot of the continental powers asking that It be submitted to their governments o It was received reh politely and widely ills dis discussed cussed Russia Hussla and China disputing IJ over the control and management of ot the Chinese I Eastern railway came to blows along the Manchurian borders end and though there was no declaration ot of war time the lie fighting continued for Cor months The fhe Russians were the lie ng- ng ag ng aggressors making frequent quent rills raids Into territory and anil destroying n number of town towns White In Manchuria were especially the Ilie oh- oh ob objects jests of their attacks Finally I late Jle in 10 November China appealed to the powers power's to 10 persuade Russia Hussla to abide by the Ilie he F f 1 Briand o g pact which both IlOth Hassid unit and China Chinn had signed I resident Hoover led the way In reo re to this request but lI hn land hewn begun between Mos Mos- Moscow Mos Moscow Ios cow and the lime th provincial government o of Manchuria and lint Moscow v resented the time American note as unnecessary amid nut 1101 H U friendly action on I Italy and the Vatican at Peace Early Carly In la II February nc negotiations tot or orthe the resumption of friendly between Italy and the Vatican were completed and a treaty was sl signed hy by w Italy recognized the full tull of the pope and und the lie quarrel quarrel rel ret which hall had lust lasted ert oU fU yel years rs was ended Time Thc sepu sep of or church and stille In Im Italy was WIS made official and the lime 11 Iku II with some source adjacent land given I eu the status of an nu state It II was called Vatican at lun City and Plus Ius XI X promulgated a 0 constitution thin tion for It it One other old quarrel was settled through h time the lie efforts of ot In res dent looker hooter I er This Tills was th time Ta Tacna Arica dl dispute between Chile File and Pent The territory was divided and every e everyone everyone one was except BolivIa which timid hud hoped for nn in outlet to I the be sea Ellhu Roots Root's formula for adhesion adl or of the United States to th the Court Courtot ot of International Justice Just commonly known as us the World court court w was as ac- ac accepted ac accepted by the Ilie Jea League ue of Nations and the court ourt Itself It II satisfies In the maIn time tile reservation on lon tong long u ago o made hy by the s senate nate but hut It will be y for thu that t body to pass on the Ilie matter again The protocol wn was signed In December on behalf of ot President Hoover Hoo Hoo- Hoover ver er it by J I P Moffat t A American charge at al Berne Switzerland 1 FOREIGN tf IJ Minister Stanley P 1 British government gu grew steadily weaker through h the first part of ot the th year ear becan because of or unemployment hous IlOus- housing housing ing pensions taxes and a n dozen domestic problems which It could out oot meet to 10 till the sall satisfaction of time the nut on David ld George put the p rejuvenated hated Liberal purly party In the limelight with ample promises and time the tater lies Labor Ices loot looped forward to time the If general eke elec elections of May In TO 30 m with a 8 confidence limit was ro fah fairly ly justified When rhen the I he ballots were counted It was found round that the thet t had been heen hadl badly defeated sn o Baldwin ln and Ills his cabinet t resigned r o one lart party had bad secured a o clear ma mn majority In III the house of commons limit hilI the were strongest stron est fore fare Ramsay III MacDonald In c non a Id was given t the hI put po 1 of lit willie line minister ler mind proceeded to In form forum u a new ew government rn n The lime port folio purt-folio folio of nf minister of or labor was K given to Mist lIs Margaret time the first woman to tn enter a n British lint cabinet She Rhe seam one line of fourteen women elected to In Arthur on was put pilI at time IIII head bend of the foreign Corel alike ollire The lih Liberals Juls had hucl tad elected nine fifty tifty s and meld held time lilt lie balance ni of er er Cr They virtually a agreed to tn the afar government so sn long as IS tilt the policies It I put pUI forward were not nOI too Con socialistic and It was freely hll that lIml Sir Mr lr chief t would come from time the radical of his party ill JlIi plans pians for Cor time the ul mil Ic of unemployment I were wre 1 upset In Jul when the gru great t tilt cotton on to n ministry was tied up by bv a mm stripe strike that thaI involved ill operatives and anti closed mills in the Lancashire area Time Tile prune prime minister tool took an nil active pers part In the settlement of lIf this tills trouble lie also alo made progress ress toward ending the old disputes dispute between hN n the time coal oal mine operators and their employees France Reasonably Prosperous France had hud a II fairly prosperous year Imer people fattening on 01 fig hi crops croll and American tourists and themselves them selves as always s 's with time t game ume of politics Premier conduced In la alike ollice d despite lit III lt hc until he be had secured CurEd the time ot of the war debt n agreements with the States Stales nod and Great Gal Britain Thle action was taken lakes hy by the parliament luent on July J uly G and M 31 1 Poincare who timid hud sum Nil tone and so well served his country resl resigned Aristide Briand veteran deran cabinet member was trade premIer and as ns the thc Radical Socialists refused ed to participate lie lie he made oo no changes chanes In the time ministers Under hl his rule ogle repressive r measures against the Communists ts were continued with vigor Igor and their meetings of ot protest swore broken up by the th police pollee h the unemployment was almost nomie and In Iii August n a French commission reached an agreement with the government o of Rumania by which laborers were to be transported from that country to Franco Erance In October Inlands Inland's support In the humber of deputies dwindled and nud on the 2nd of ot that month he rand and his cabInet resigned Eduard tried In vain to form torm a 8 new govern govern- government government ment and the Job was then tien th n done sue sue- suc suc- successfully by Andre I remained In the cabinet as foreign minister and It seemed that his Ills poli poll policies polices cies cles would be carried forward by the government Fascism Grows Gr Stronger Premier Mussolini of Italy Huly quite scornful of his detractors further the power of ot I Fascism If I that wore wre possible rime fhe now new le ture lire was WiS set sol up early In Ili the year ear and andIn andIn In April thc he Duce assumed l full control ot of the r regulation of or capital nod labor Not ot having much march confidence In im disarm disarm- disarmament disarmament ament conferences s till the premier took step steps to make Italy's armed forces more efficient and declared that while the nation desired peace petre with nil all the world It was spiritually prepared to 10 face any crisis Time The settlement of time the theold old quarrel with the thc Vatican wa was a feather In lu his cap but later develop Ie developments ments showed that much bitterness f r re remained In December the king and quern queen paid their first visit to 10 Pope lope Pius Ilus XI In n the Vatican Af Afghanistan achieved the front page at various times during time the year ear King Ding found that time the western re re- reforms reforms forms fortis h hen tried to Introduce were caus cans causIng causing ing such violent opposition that he re- re r re rescinded them In January and In favor or o of his Ills brother Time The r rebellious tribesmen were still riot not satisfied II under the leadership of one Khan they captured el Kabul the lime camp tai and drove nut the new kin king lIa Ha Ia- Ia who really vas n a bandit assumed the crown and und last t lasted lasted ed until Octol October er when Nadir Khan Chan oc occupied copied Kabul and proclaimed ell king Bacha Bache was taken prisoner and executed Race War In Pal Palestine Palestine was tile the s scene slIe lIe of a n uprising of the drabs Arab against the Jews in A August and many of the rhe latter race were massacred In mind other ot places The Immediate cause of the was a n dispute over o the Wall Willi Walling rIg hug Wall Nall which the lie Jews have ha used for or centuries as a 0 place ploce of prayer prater plO er but It II goes oes back to time tile deep resentment of the Aral Arab against the British man unarm mandate date dalE and the lie predominance of ot Jewish Influence In the government o of a coon try which they consider belongs s to theta them Time The local loca authorities were wre un- un un unable able to stop the fighting so the tint BritIsh Ish stepped in with warships troop troop- troop and and airplanes and speedily forced the belligerents to cease case their killings mind depredations The situation nn In time Holy Land was still considered so se- se serious serious se serious rious lint the British government go sent out a n commission of Inquiry Chinas China's Nationalist government go be- be be besides sides the quarrel with It Russia us la had to 10 contend with time seemingly ly warfare that keeps the hu huge e n na nation tion relatively ly powerless s Tills This con filet 1111 lied died down rand and revived rc several se during the twelvemonth I and In December readied perhaps Its must most se se- serious serious rious stage e Mexico's annual revolutionary ont ont- out ont outbreak break came InIa In to Ia March and SIll ead rap |
