Show r Modern Home Iome AIded n E Sugar f i x I j j r k jk k v i t I It t f l r j fi fol folI I 1 m The House in the Arctic Loading ShiP for 4 rt K Trip B Byrd rd in n Airship and i Doughnut I Ol Boat j A A MODERN home built In the ArcU Arctic L defied the death dealing cold of the l Polar Regions and proved an nn in- in i invaluable valuable aid nId to Lieutenant Commander E 17 Byrd In his successful night flight to the North Pole which he hc circled he-circled cIrcled three tImes In a n record breaking night flight of l 1500 OO 3 miles In l 15 hours and 30 minutes at nt an ana a average speed of OS i s an nn hour V VV It was at the base Kings Kinga A y Bay Day this first modern house was wag y constructed amid the snow and ond Ice Ico of th the Arctic Arctic Immediately upon the arrival of 1 LIeutenant Byrd and his companions as ns n n permanent home and observation sta sta- sta tIon for the explorers The house whIch rose rose up on the horizon of the frigid north In marked con contrast to the igloo ot of the eskImo waS teas equipped with a com com- complete radio outfit that those who remained b at the base whIle Lieutenant Byrd made hIs Ills thrilling dash to the Pole In hIs Ills speeding Fokker might keep In touch wIth their chief and the outsIde world which Informed they kept in- in In formed as to the progress and success of the night flight It was to this same home that he returned after hIs hazardous trip and from which some of the first fiat t mes mes- mes- mes sages messages were fere sent to the waiting public telling them through the lanes of the theair nIr air that n Byrd rd had circled the pole lole three times and had returned to his home In fn safety adding one of the most memorable pages to tho the history of Arctic c exploration Sugar Cane Fights Fight Polar North When Lieutenant Byrd loft the Brooklyn Na Navy y Yard on the ilie ship Chant er he declared lio ho had the best and most scIentifically equipped expedition that c ever er had started for the North Pole Special plans plana were made for tha erection of his Ills Arctic home borne Boards of insulating lumber lumLer made from Tom sugar cane fiber after all sugar juices have been extracted were carried along with the tho latest In Inventions to aid in polar exploration This Lundin building material Is 1 very light and Is filled with millIons of air cells which gI give e It great Insulation value and resistance to change in temperature especially lIy the sO ere cold One od odd 1 circumstance In connection wIth the use of this material Is that the sugar cane of the south was utilized to fight lI ht the cold of the north Celotes was selected selected anstead Instead of lumber because tests made by by the United States Bureau of Standards and Its universal use in building b construction all over oyer the world had demonstrated d that this Insulating lumber would keep the quarters quart of the explorers warmer and protect their living condItions conditions more securely than ordInary ordinary ordinary nary building material It was only after careful Investigation by the scIentific men In the expedition that was ryas selected These authorities pointed out that the protection afforded L by Its Insulation was three times as great as ordinary nary naI lumber and near 3 y twelve times as great as that of brick bricis and other ma masonry nry my material The ship Chantler also was lined with c as an added precaution to keep the shIp warm while the explorers used It in the preliminary stages of he lie expedition In practically ever er every other way this expedition was more scientifically prepared prepared than any any ny of its predecessor s sons sor rs These included include Inventions of Commander Byrd hImself A simple snip sul sun compass compas conceived by Byrd and developed by Mr Sir lea Bury Burr lead tead of the National Geographic SocIety superseded the th tb complicated German device de developed three years s o for tor Amundsen The drift Indicator In- In In Indicator r al also o wa was Byrd Byrds Byrd's Invention The bubble sextant by whIch the n obtains hIs hl bearings while wIllie In flight was wa another on one oJ of o his Inventions Still another development turps 8 MOS a quick method of telling when hen one Is at tho the North foIe role ole This has lias been worked out by G W Littlehales he be navys navy's h engIneer Device Locates tho Pole Byrd and others coi contributed to a chart of ot the roag- roag magnetic mae lines flowing to ord the magnetic North Korth Pole whIch Is In Land Lund 1 1200 OO miles south of ot the Pole Between Land t nd the Polo Pole the campo camposa s pointS south Instead of north and over much of t ArctIc it 11 Is badly disturbed by by the discrepancy of position be- be between be between tween the tho geographical geographic North Korth Pole and the magnetIc North Pole This chart of the magnetic lines flowing to tho the mag- mag magnetic mag magnetic North Pole although it was far from complete was such as to enable the navigator to tell in what dIrection the tho compass should point from any spot 1 ot In the Arctic With this knowledge the erratic behavior lor of the tho com com- compass compass compass pass becomes orderly nn aria and It is la once again a useful Instrument meat ment A third type of compass used was a de device Ice of ot 01 Infinite sensitiveness sensitiveness-a a re revolving g electrical coIl coll which Is ad- ad adJusted adjusted ad adjusted to a given relation with the magnetism of the the earth This the sun Hun compass compass and and the magnetic com com- compass compass compass pass were each used to correct the other Lieutenant Byrd in his flight used a quick method of tellIng when ho he was actually at nt the Pole This was the invention worked out by Mr Ir the tho U S Navy engineer It shows the tho suns sun's post post- posItIon position tion lion from tho the North Pole at e every ery hour of the day day d devery l levery every day of the year ear When the flyer Is near the Pt lo lobe be can by ascertaining the exact position the of of be sun prove that ho Is near the Pole Iole v 1 Flies File Miles Mile Over This Tho expedition backed by such mends men John D Rockefeller Jr and Theodore Roosevelt Roo r lt Jr had three n objects V tyro 5 Pole Dash Dash of e Fought Cold Cold f North d ir I II I L J I 1 To 1 To pro prove c that nIr air navi- navi i Y I I gallon gatlon In the Arctic is feasible feas- feas i feas-i I ible ibie and that freight and meso eng er travel over oyer the tile top ofin of in tl- tl world Is certain to come conic l j 1 To 1 2 To hunt for new land landI I V V In the unexplored areas arens of ot 1 the Arctic VV V f I 3 To 3 To conquer the North 1 V Pole from the air as n a sport sport- sporting sporting In ing adventure and as ns n a dem- dem V of ot what n a plane planer can not do-not do not a n geographical study as the Pole was teas bagged for all time by Admiral Peary Probably no one knows more about V Arctic flying than Commander Byrd From the base e of ot the Ute MacMillan ex- ex expedition Y cx-Y a at Etah last year he flew lew t mIles over oyer the Arctic studying the be- be be 4 of of- oil motors compasses and and andy y pV- pV C other navigation instruments at great altitudes oer o'er the Polar sea With him this time Commander Byrd took a noted fuel u-I u expert who is Flying Commander G 0 O Noble oble as as- It requIres great glat skill and pains to prevent the free freezing in of lubricating lubricating oil ol and stiffened action of the motors If forced to work on the plane In th the open at t great altitudes with the thermometer at nt CO to 70 below z zero ro The points which favored the month of May Iny were that hat the Arctic fog had hall not begun to rise rise and heavy snows snows still co covered ered the land and afforded many good landing places A factor of safety pointed pointed out by Commander n Byrd Byr I In connection with the use ule of the Fokker machine Is Ih that hat t it carrIes a reserve engine It has hos three engines With With n a alight light light load one is expected to to be sufficient to th plane in flight With a n normal load two engines the work worIc It two engines hrcak down at one time When t tile the plane is not too heavily loaded It may fly is use of one engine The Folker Fokker machine ho has a wing wing- wingspread wingspread wing spread spread of slightly more than l C feet It is said to J be bea bua a marvel monel of airship construction The other aIrplane airplane Curtis was OrIole Oriole was to have hae h been n used chiefly in finding finding landing fields so that It If the fliers found their main landing place covered with n a fog they ther might go elsewhere The Tune Chantler was equipped e with a powerful radio trans transmitter mitter to send pond back the news of the expedition The Fokker also Is eq equipped d with a and trans transmitting mating set Commander Byrd not only ept pt the world informed of the progress of ot the expedition but received through the Chantler ChantIer weather warnings to guide him in his liTo flight flight flight- How Expedition Was War Wa Equipped Forty five fi e hundred pou pounds of whole beef were Included In the rations of the Byrd Lyrd Td crew of seven forty-seven fliers seamen anT anti technicians j Also four hundred pounds o of It nn meat fats and raisins huge quantities of bacon dried drIed milk pea soup soup and other sup sup- supplIes supplies plIes Iri in proportion were tarried Carried along Cod liver oil was wa as included included ded for its healthful properties Herbert GrIggs who had lad ad charge of provisioning pro Peary's Pennys expedition In hIs Ills famous dash to tie Pole worked out our the rations for the Byrd explorers e Two pounds per man per day was the allowance to take care all orall emergencies No amount of clothing is really sufficient when flying 1000 or more feet in the air In the Polar regions but every enry possible was precaution taken by Commander Byrd against exposure The Themen men were equipped with the warmest and lightest o of ot reindeer suits and with fur parkas a garment that reaches to the knees and lias has a hood covering coelIng the head Plenty Plenty of goggles were found to be an absolute necessity to protect them against the glare of the snow In spite of all the pr precautions cautions the Use undertaking was full of unseen danger Nine Nene of this equipment would be beof bot ot of the tho slightest avail some unexpected and un un- un unprecedented situation which might arise There is always s 's the danger of sno exhaustion freezing some somo mIshap to the engine Lieutenant Byrd and his his om- om however were particularly fortunate in escapIng with practically no ill effects effect except the exhaustion due du duto to such u a perilous trip Pick Op Tip p Ice Pilot The ship Chanti ri first stop was ut at Norway where an ice ski skipper pl was taken o on to pilot the Chantler Chantier and Its crew through the ice Ice filled filled waters around Spitz bergen hergen to Kings King's Bay where where preparations for the first flight to the Pole were made The planes the instruments Instrument and the various oil mixtures used In co connection with the allI airship tests were carefully examined and tested test elL Lieutenant Lieu Lieu- Lieutenant Lieutenant tenant Byrds Byrd's original plans called cal for six flights as follows lLA liA 1 A mile tOO flight from Spitzbergen to Pear Peary Land to unload oil pro provisions and ond equipment at a place that looks promising for a landing A 2 2 A mile mlle flight back to Spitzbergen A S-A S A second mile mlle flight from Spitzbergen to Peary Land base with fu further fUher her food fuel and equipment An 4 4 An B ht to to and around the Polo Iole and back bad to the Peary base base ase An 5 5 An mlle mile round trip night flight to the northwest over unexplored areas In search bt f new lands A 0 0 A mlle mile mile flight from the Peary Land base back to SpItzbergen It was his plan in his second flight to attempt to dis- dis discover dis discover cover new land land but when he be received the tho report of the flight of Amundsen in his dirigible in which it was stated that the Norge hind hod failed to find any trace of new newland newland land Lieutenant Byrd decided to abandon further flights and tho the trip over land lond on sleds he had planned planned In his search for tor new land in unexplored areas areas Now he has decided to try to accomplish lIsh by airs nlrb ip lp at nt the tho South Iole 1010 what he did at the North As h h b left the Spitz Spitz- Spitzbergen bergen base he ho stated that be he would have hn just as well wellan nIl art e equipped expedition fo for his Routh southern m flight as os ho he hall had hallin hadin hadin in his recent adventure ad In the North |