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Show HHHHt PL. E CTIUC-1TV CTIUC-1TV for lighting light-ing and row-er row-er 1b rapidly advancing In tho favor of tho American f a r tn e r. Whether ho ' bo one of thoso adventurous adven-turous ind I-vlduals I-vlduals who HJ lT!f stake their I Pi'Jl ft" on tne I V4 A-t prospect of H jhflkA developing a H HHHJ paying farm H HHHJ districts J b m tiuj west an(' I lm-n 1 southwest, or In the I ?iBS$ swamp lands of the iSflVJb BOllt,1 or whether ho bo PbPBPBih of, tho clasB that Is turn- MmmKMWst W3 Ins Its attention to the I great rowards of truck and dairy farming In tho cast, tho modern farmor has caught tho scientific spirit of the tlmo and la gottlng practical results from his realization of the fact that methods must accommodate themselves to changing conditions. ' At tho annual convention of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers held recently In Boston, tho electrical farm was considered In paper by Putnam A. Hates. He discussed In somo detail tho work now being dono by farm- crs who are developing tho arid districts of the west, showing that Irrigation and electricity nro tho two factors that promlso moBt for tho futuro where natural conditions aro for tho most part against the farmer. Irrigation came first and then tho ndvantngos of electric power pumping were renllzod. Tho so-called electrlcnl farm has been In exlstcnco for a dozen years or more, but It Is only recontly that thoro has been an organ- izod effort to dlssemlnnto knowledgo on the prnc- Ileal use of electricity In agriculture noferrlng to the southwest nnd to the dec- trie farm as ho found It there, Mr. nntoB says: "In somo sections of that wonderfully fertile country, well protected by tho high mountnln rangos, practically every farm is on electric farm. Thta Is to soy, tho buildings aro lighted by electricity and many of tho laborious opera- tlons nro accomplished by tho use of electric power. Thcso really wcro our first electric farms, tho period of tholr establishment corresponding I with the development of tho water powers of the nearby mountains. "On tho majority of thcso farms Irrigation Is practiced and quite naturally electricity was Qrst made use of for pumping purposes. Then under the Influonco of progressive local central station operators, it was almost universally adopted for light. "I can recall seeing electric lights nnd the electric flatlron in use In tho farm home on tho Pacific coast eleven yearsago. Tho pcoplo were content to enjoy tho advantages which thoso Improvements mado possible to them, but did not seem to regard their conditions as unusual. Their farms were In fact electric fnrms and their Industries, dependent upon the, produce of the land, were as they aro now, practically all operated oper-ated by electricity, "A briof summary of tho work accomplished accom-plished shows that construction Is under way or hoB been complotod on twenty-nlno projects, Involving In-volving an expenditure of ICC.47O.O00. In tho eight years of actual work thero have been dug 7,000' mllos of canals and moro than nineteen miles of tunnels, mostly excavated through mountains. The total excavation of rock and earth amounts to 77,200,000 cubic yards. Thoro have been built 670 miles of roads, 1,700 lilies of telephones, and thero aro now In oporatlon 275 miles of transmission lines, over which surplus sur-plus power nnd light aro furnished to soveral cities and towns. f "Tho smnll farms nnd villages grouptl about thcso developments glvo tho effect of suburban rather than rural conditions. The cheap power developed from tho great dams or from numerous numer-ous drops In the main canals Is now utilized for tho operation of trolley lines, which reach out Into tho rural districts, bringing tho farmer in closor touch with tho city. It runs numerouH Industrial plants for storing, handling nnd manufacturing manu-facturing tho raw products of tho farm. Tho same powor Is used for lighting nnd heating In tho towns, and for cooking In tho homos. On several of the projects the farmers aro applying for electrical power, and In many farm houses electric powor is utilized for many domestic purposes, pur-poses, "Moro than a million dollars has been Invested Invest-ed In tho development of powor on the Salt Illvcr project, of which tho farmers havo voluntarily volun-tarily raised 1800,000, Tho sale of tho power up to the beginning of tho present year amounted to $144,000, with the plant only partially constructed. con-structed. This jevontin will contribute materially material-ly toward lessoning tho cost of operating tho Irrigation Irri-gation system. "On a large milk farm at I'lalnsboro, N. J., electricity is UBed for lighting, clipping cows, operating a bottling machine, spinning on tin foil caps or seals on bottles, cutting ensilage, running a sawmill, pumping from a deep well, STlndlng feed and elevating It to atorago bins. "The fact that this Is a commercial plant turning out dally from 3, BOO to 4,000 quarts of ntlk, where an exceptionally high standard of ftectricitrP "lFI Cil iT HRr Kite r isHNHsBHBH BV. lEl 1 - i ,yju?cnojrcrr. jvmp Acme- ' && y;.fgy tva 'hi" quality Is rigidly maintained. Is ovldcnco that thoro must bo ndvnntnges In using electricity In such an Installation. "Tho total ncreage of tho farm Is nearly 1,200, and at present about 70 per cent. Is under cultivation. Electricity Is generated by steam power and distributed nt 220 volts. The generating gener-ating equipment at present consists of ono 2G-kilowatt 2G-kilowatt direct connected unit, steam boiler, tc. "This Is not a largo generating plant, to bo sure, but It Insures cleanliness of lighting equipment equip-ment and safety from fire risk In tho barns, bunk houses and outbuildings. It also makes possible a convenient source of powor In nny part of tho farms or outbuildings, which of necessity nec-essity aro widely distributed, and cost of generating gen-erating tho current, Including interest nnd depreciation de-preciation charges, Is probably not over four cento n kilowatt hour. "Scientific milk production Is moro nnd moro coming Into prominence nnd tho necessity for perfect cleanliness, Immedtnto cooling nnd keoplng tho milk nt n low tempornturo compels such dairy farmers to adopt devices that will ho most helpful In obtnlnlng theso results. There s n milk dnlry In Morrlstown, N, J., where tho wnlls, ceilings nnd floors of nil rooms In which tho milk Is handled nro washed down dnlly, both morning nnd evening tho electric lighting fixtures fix-tures being entirely water tight. "Dnlrjing uud stock raising nro usuully followed fol-lowed vvhoro land needs upbuilding In fertility, nnd In either tho silo Is n necessity, cutting lip succulent fornpe crops and storing them In the silo for Inter uso being the nccepted method of preparing tho feed. To do this tho farmer must hnvo powor, but n ten horsepower electric motor mo-tor with Its capacity for momentary overlond will do tho work that would -anil n gasoline engine en-gine rated at twelve to fifteen horsepower. "Tho fnrmcr can easily recognize tho advantage advan-tage of tho electric motor for this operation and when onco adopted ho soon wants to uso tho current for grinding feed, baling bny nnd other purposes. "On the dairy furm. however, electricity offers of-fers other opportunities, ns It Is tho moBt convenient con-venient form of energy for operating nn artificial artifi-cial refrigeration plnnt, tho cream separator, churn and butter worker. "Cream separators, whllo often turned by hand on small dairy farms, nre more frequently driven mcchantcnlly whero considerable cream Is handled. Excopt In tho very large sizes, they requro not more than a one-fifth horsepower motor mo-tor and they nro In operation only for a comparatively com-paratively short tlmo. Tho operating cost, therefore. there-fore. Is practically negligible." There are In use many designs of electric, milkers, especially on dairy farms where there Is a great deal of milking to bo done and hand milkers ore not avnllahlo In sufficient numbers. Likewise electricity Is now being used extensively exten-sively for cooling and aerating nnd the Ico-maklng Ico-maklng electrical device Is not unknown to our HL t ' t I H iir - ftnpsr av Aix?r- HJ more progressive farmers. Tho up-to--?9JdHf diito farmer Is very much nwnro of fflViiFFafca the fact that the regular grooming of &&SflEji cows IncreaBcs the supply of milk RHS nnd counts strongly for cleanliness. Saaeaall tic now haa nn olectrlcnl dovlco for TTjrr? doing this. ' jit x lHle& Ono of the most Interesting elec- . trlcnl devices on tho modern farm Is ) tho telephone. In tho old days the J men nnd women wero called from the ., r I fields for dinner by tho blowing of a S J horn or by fending tho mnnlt boy y7 ' f trudging across tho field with tho ' rr "l KoJ news. Tho modern fnnnor's men rtjfcytyjf tnko to tho flcldB with them n tele- kQKfl phono which can bo rlggod up near RS3I whero they nro working nnd receive "E!!! meBRngea from the uouso by that it'WI menns. SS$SX. With the Installation of thcso eloc- 2i rlcal dcvlccB much of tho romantic MvX5; B!do of llfo on tho fnrm pnBses away. fc-U Even n modern poet would hnve a '"Sfv ,iard tlmo Kl,,nK anything lyrical out A V. of nn electrlcnl milker, nnd the beauty l JVIQ LA of a load of hay somehow fndes when K JSg n motor truck goes chugging ncross Sj Kaf the flcldB with It. Hut tho American fZk tW fnrmcr censed to bo romantic when H tho grnphophono took the place of the wheezy old organ and when his wlfo opened up that front parlor that alwnyfl used to be such n nombro plnco. Ho Is out to make money now and electrlcnl machinery opons up a wny for him to do It. When ho feelB llko It nowadays now-adays ho gets Into his nutomobllo and goes elsewhere else-where to find what will appeal to his Idea of the romantic. "V |