Show I At The TheN North h Pole I r BE of the mammoth is Ia I rein rela relatively reinI THE I lively near our own time Today the hunter bunter oa on the Lens Lena rUen riven occasionally feeds feed his dogs wit wiLt I their frozen flesh says aye Professor Prof Wil WI Wilhelm Wilhelm I helm in the Washington Star Many Muy things prove that hat man once hunt hunted hunted ed the certain mammoth hoses bones 00 that have been marked by br the work of human hands point to this Just In hi the time when WHa the first mam warn mammoth mammoth moth was waa found years yenI ago the tIM eye of the investigator had bad begun be to be become become become come keen for the age aud and the sequence of the geological layers layer of at the earth The great at science of paleontology des destined d de tined to decide many questions que had be begun begun gun CUR to make Its way And parallel with Uh it there advanced Arctic exploration tion It was discovered that certain stone that occurred O d as far north as the sev MV parallel l of north latitude be belonged belonged I longed to the Silurian age e an anage ana anage age a that toot takes us u back to immensely ancient periods of the earths earth history And in three these t remains were found the tM fossil remnants of or coral reefs reefe There Th r is nothing extraordinary in Lu the I fact that th the coral animals had built up their reef towers toners even in iu the tile pre pie prehistoric historic hl past pant but there ther e was wan something extraordinary in the discovery of them t m in ft 1 Ar Ati t ti I The coral animals ls today dwell with without Ith I out exception in warm arm seas They die if the average of ot temperature sinks sink be beI below below I low 18 or 29 20 degrees Celsius But Bat these e prehistoric reefs n r of the Silurian age are on the Lancaster sound close by the t first wintering place e or the Franklin expedition How could tropical crea eisa tUles ever have uve felt at home there I There was waa a time somewhat later than the Silurian time It was the tte coal coat period The name in itself conjures up upa a picture of luxuriant vegetation for tor coal is nothing but fossil vegetable growth In this period as 32 in the sHari sHarian I an birds and mammals t had not DOt begun to exist The plants were comparative comparatively j ly Jy Tow low in the scale seale they were all alt rela reIn II I tives of or our ferns snake oak woes moss and aDd pew pewter pewter pewter ter grass There were W no oaks ao no palms no beeches no gaudy flower plants I And such coal CO layers laen are found fouad far In Inthe Inthe Inthe the northernmost DOrt northernmost north Quite Qute near those e coral reefs of or the Silurian period lie l goal aal 1 fields In which the fossils f Us are clearly like those of the Eu European and Del DelI coal eoal There can be no ItO doubt I that on the Lancaster sound as a on Nova and Spitsbergen In the forgotten peat pat there once onoe stood forests t one one is I tempted to say tropical forests fOft in the Arctic I i The TIM existence of forests fore of any aDY kind kindla la lit the latitude of ot 75 degrees 4 north would have been out of ot the question had d the climatic conditions of today y ruled there then The evidence produced by the col cot collaboration collaboration of paleontology Y and Arctic exploration was wag w not net exhausted with these two discoveries the most con COR convincing testimony was still to come com When an English expedition wider Wt Narea Nare explored Land fossil plants were found which w h the great reat Swiss paleontologist t Hear Beer aft afterward afterward afterward erward examined and classified They were w re not plants of the coal period but Nt plants planta from the tertiary period The tertiary period is nearer ta to us than either the Silurian or the coal period At that time U the tile fern f f had ha van VaD vanished vanished from Europe and North NOC America and had been replaced by true trees The mammals mamma had appeared appe led In la highly grotesque forms In Grinnell Land about thirty differ durer Slit ent species aped of plants dating to that period were found tod And ADd from fro them Herr Heel constructed the tb following picture pictured Of d the tile polar regions region of that time dote The Prehistoric Pole Pol PoleA PolA A sea with ith rich rick shores ores On 00 the water swim Im the tab th leafy plants of water flowers Reeds Heeds fringe the rims of the lakes Beyond them stand lin Un lindens i idena dens dena elms elm many kinds of poplars and I birches hazel huel bushes bua snowballs and evergreens such as 1 firs Jin cedars cedr and particularly the swamp amp cypress cypre e that is Ia found now In the southern parts tit of f the Ute United States Stat These The e plants require a mean temper temperature teia temperature today higher h by 28 18 degrees decree than that which exists exist now in III ii Grinnell Land They are not tropical plants There Therefore Therefore fore tore tropical climate did not exist in inthe Inthe Inthe the arctic regions in the tite tertiary epoch But the UM remains prove that since then the the climate must have haTe undergone a minimum change chance of 28 U 2 degrees degress a post t positively ly enormous alteration And ADd then there the were found the re remains mains of ot tertiary forests of magnolias chestnuts oaks and grape vines in is Greenland under the parallel of latitude That is the kind of or vegetation Hon tion to be found fouad now at on Lake Geneva These proofs complete the ease case It ta Is possible ible that a tropically warm ocean the e t north pole pete tO in Silurian times It is I certain that a plant pIat life lUe lit that wu w wa possibly bly tropical flourished there in a inthe athe Inthe the eoal real or period I It is absolutely certain that a climate f like the climate of the United States s I and today obtained there in 18 I tertiary times tl whose Who last chapter ProD probably probably ably was experienced by man And what changes the history of tn th I animal world of the polar regions total totally totally totalLy ly for us W The Th polar animal of today evidently are recent products of adaptation that developed under new conditions An altogether different form of errs crea creatures tures ture may have preceded prec them We cannot imagine polar bears and thickly furred musk oxen under aDder the th green magnolias magnolia B of ol tee ter tertiary Greenland Scientific speculation produces a w woe on picture it shows the Pram Frain la Is laboriously drifting in Sa the tte grasp ara of 8 vas vasIce as ice lee fields until matil oven even Hansons heroism tailed failed before the terrors terror of the polar world and we see another period when in that ut same latitude wandering herds of elephants camels and aDd nd wild horses browsed on oa green meadows Or did Id that land bide species of mammals of a kind quite different from any other known in the world species c cw whose w bones bone may be found some day I Ii i in Joseph Jo Land or a similar i place by br an expedition that will wilt lay laymore la lamore laymore more weight weIcht on paleontology than on geographical exploration The n Tb tremendous tr glaciers that tat slipped down over the world in ln the tM ice period must have bare desolated the Arctic lands entirely The TN beasts bessis that live Uve there ther now MW once lived m In our ow Bu hOU Europe rope and aad one atar America The Tb continents are full fall of the ae remains ns of musk m oxen ones mammoths reindeer tearing lemings and white bIte hare haree |