Show 40 J i MEANING OF THE I MONROE DOCTRINE i I 1 H BY FREDERIC 4 HASKIN 1 n 1 I f A BE B Monroe Doc Doctrine rl e i ithe f T the most important and ch Ig principle eYer enunciated by our IS also the least tood and the most commonly m Interpreted Notwithstanding the fact that our countr country p Juis JIas many times been sE In Intern dig u b by its lion nd Heuring Its the thea a ver e cUben understands little ou ita Ha orIgin hl tor and ef at effect feet TIke Mke the r it bas been i Ir ft a hundred bundred dif different different ferent ways In n of f it an jurist nid that he ha had read upon the subject as lie he had upon thE yet he felt as unfit 10 p an opinion upon one as the Ule oLber What thia th Monroe Doctrine Means I rl rie e re on lawyer to br n n j It Is not flOt an h Ltv but bUl merely n a polky a declaration Jn made luring the ilu Monroe roe Al AI AIt Although t though it has never jeen Indorsed by It f Is j b by unu it is ju Just t tt t p liS g If fC It had b been n th lIh ih jf t of laUon be n cham pinn pined 1 M a by as b to The latter has luts said that 1 f fuh uh M a poll polley l not nt In n err effect t it 1 4 be pe sary forthwith to crat t i p rile r argUn nt that Lt It cannot b brt rt a ag a of l taw law i a mere waste of Nobody whether it Is 18 or is not Dud nd more than one ares eares hether th of Ill Rt or WashIngton farewell add di rss nrc nr so M reco The differ ot of opinion among the European to little as long as the or of th the people is d and their nR navy large enough h to iHk up tJ opinion of the doctrine ma may be In the between Ir of foreign at af tars for Great Britain In 1823 and Mr Fuli our minister at that time In iii LOndon upon the t of the form of Ute tile holy alliance which took urinal shape lit in n treaty signed lt t Sept 26 b be the of Austria and of I Tusia and the Ule king or of Prussia ad act not through diplomatic agencies hut but as 88 absolute sovereigns on their own The ostensible object of the alliance wn was to itte polities to religion ligion to establish pei auto and di cour popular go goci ci It Was The Th first attempt of the ce in wits made vh lt tIle the at al allied lied powers convened in 1 and guar the or of France in an army into the Jatter country to overthrow the popular go gov then thea existing and to reinstate e VII VIt This movement ha hau j ng met with success Spain being re formed to the tle or of the laUtt alliance it was thought not impossible by Great Britain which had bad protest d against such uch action that the they might undertake the work of reconciling in this way to the mother country the Spanish p which ld been through revolt forming for tor themselves and constitutional govern governments ments The independence of the Span governments had just acknowledged by the I States but not b by Great Gret BrItain Eng lish h merch merchants however like those of the United Stat Stats tad lad developed an trade with these countries a t trade which bich would have been cut cutoff 1 off and virtually destroyed under the system then had the alliance been successful In restoring restorIng ing the colonies to Spain The or of Great Britain and the United States were therefore therdore Iden Identical Identical though the motive ot of Ue former in opposing the action of the alliance y i v 1 THE CAPITAL J CHILI HILI THE BOULEVARD IN BUENOS AYRES A J X i i ri rit i a t 1 y I h L y t 4 1 tt s i U i J i I Ieli eli t I 4 e 4 c L rr ri I j t dr I I ii irL 4 J rt 1 i 1 4 I i 1 4 o op j fU fUti I p 4 ti f ft 4 t i ip if iJ 1 p t f J J 1 I IJ I V I I I r I bj I a I I S SS St i f I S t i 5 5 S f S S L J t 1 It S THE CATHEDRAL W IN 5 TYPE OP OF THE EDUCATED LATIN AMERICAN A VILLAGE STREET IN OLD p RV was white while that of 1 the latr vas asi largely al Mr an ili during the close of the sum r e an to sound Mr Rush Our at London as to the He sum ot or a joint declaration and co cooperation cooperation operation b by the two governments against the threatened intervention of the powers of America Mr Rush Immediately comm communicated these conversations and notes to his lis nt Washington at and dent seeing the vital chara tel ter of th subject and the high int r ests lost no time in seeking the his In a letter dated Oct 1 17 1823 he en enclosed to Mr Jert Jefferson for the purpose of ob Is views view two dispatches from I Mr lIr Rush containIng letters from Mr Canning suggesting designs of the hOlY I alliance against the independence of South Am America rica and proposing in 1 bet Great and the tate I Mr J Opinion Mi r t S rc replIed on the 24 h Of I i October using in part the tollow inS words The UThe question the let letters tern you have sent mo me Is the most which has ever been ed to my contemplation since that of 01 independence This sets our compass and points the course which we are to steer through the ocean ocean of time open openIng lag Ing on us and never could we embark m bark barkon on it under circumstances more auspicious auspicious cious Our fIrst fundamental maxim should be never to untangle en tan ourselves In the broils brons of Eur or second cond to I suffer Europe to with cis Atlantic affairs America North and South has a state set of Interests dis from those of and her own She therefore have a system or of er own separate and apart from that o Europe bile the last is laboring to become the do or of despotism our ur endeavor should surely be to make our h hernis mis phere that of I should thin thinK it therefore advisable that the Live tive should the Brit h gov government to a co in the dis pos lett letter b ban by byan an assurance e of his with them as a far as his authority gues The followIng December seventh annual mesSa e wasP as I addressed to congress in which a ro noun cement of the doctrine p his name will vill be found as follows The citizens of the Unite Stats j cherIsh sentiments the mo most f friendly In favor or the liberty and anif d of h ir fellowmen on that side of Ui tile Atlantie In the wars of the Powers in matters relating to o th rP I selves We have never p rt I nor does It comport with our policy to do It is only when ou our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that ye I resen resent 01 on make for our defense With the La in this hemisphere we are essit i more immediately connected and aUd hY by causes which must be obvious to aIr al enlightened and impartial observers With the South American gov who have declared their independence erice and it and hos Ind we have on great t and j S t p edged we not view an any for r th the purpose of oppressIng the n or controlling In any manner manlier their destiny b by any European power In arty other than dS the mast fe of an unfriendly disposItion toward the United States Defending the Principles In the sentence just quoted above is found the heart of the Monroe doe trine The same spirit is found In all the th utterances our statesmen have ade from time to time thre concerning tt our civil war certain intrigued with the revolutionary party in Santo Domingo to secure the offer to the queen of Spain of oC the sovereignty of the island Al this time tIr Mr Seward wrote to the minister in Washington The uThe president nt would not willingly believe these proceedings have been au government and I In fo form you ou in a dif a r that if I t they Y should be found to ft rea reah h d td the sanction of go emment the th 0 pre ld nt bel be d to regard ii as a of an un Unfriendly friendly spirit towards tile the I States State and to ine e t the further prose of enterprises s of that kind either eithe r rin in the Dominican or an any r part par t or of the American continent or I with a prompt persistent find nd if pos poe possible sible effective resistance The true object ot of the Monroe doe doc trine must not be It doe a not mean that we have hae the right to t 0 exercise a over all the th e nations of this hemisphere It does no t mean that we can control all any one of o f the republics of South or central Amer lea Ica dictate to them the policy they the y must pursue or r defend them in their r wrongs We do not sa say to European Europea n governments you must not Interfere e with or punish these states or else you yo U will have hae to fight us We do not stand stan 0 sponsor for these republics republIc nor do we a e uphold them in any attempt to escape inder the guise and ell of this dot doc 1 d trine trifle theIr just and honest obi ns S Sto to European powers 5 Careful Interpretation O Need We have h had d e of this ch character When hen Cler Jand was as asp p president m Ni Nicaragua i caragua a large sum ot or 8 ac roun of injurIes done to sote Eng English English lish Great GretH Britain to it but without success Fi Fib r rally ally shE sent war to re and no titled d th the that were wert I tn land Jand marines marnes and take poss possession sion or the custom hou houses s until themon the money I was collected The Nicaraguan at male earnest JIotES I an and demanded that our n should hould intercept Great Britain and prevent such an s ct Pr ident Cleveland said No w we do not nOl know whether you owe OJ the English h government Or not It if YOU c ar arrange range it b by arbitration you will ta tato to do thE best Jou can M S Ion long as s sI GrEat reat Britain Is oot nu to tota e I ta her government In wp e not Interfere W We hl held th same sam attitude when n Ger iran asserted ft that arid and he e SUmmary ill i which 1 t i a settlement ith Yen u a aI I affords a more mort recent reent f Fi S cre r of f t tI I Loomis sa says that o e ant ani iii have haYe Jarel been I auf th d nr r I II I thi famous H say says thi th b bour our Oft uati al tOl 1 I that r doctrine or policy i In i inot inot not in form woul b ve ben been 1 elated eVEn ha had I nto ne never er tied lived He reminds us that the trini as it itis itIs is now h held Jd is not no the reSult of UJ or mans efforts oc 01 i idar ao t del of one day a or deca decades e eTh The Th Monroe doctrine is and anil ed throughout nil AU f c Amp ka from th the po poorest rest ei e coast village to the in BU BUes s sAyres Ayres Of course it as inimical to their interests a great d deal l to say against it IL An rut nent flent French jurist tas ls written an n ex ax treatise upon It lie among oth other r that the doctrine has no more mOIe bearID u n some of tM the it t nth olo y has with ith a question of math mathe and that the by tile States if fi morally binds our nt to pro tt teet aU all tM tIie American states and t tas is as arbitrator in an all di disputes Dutes I America For the Americans writer riter becomes very f fhe he The earl early C Monroe onro were Interpreted to mean America for the Americans ms but now no we are given to ui that this cherished doctrine do dos snot not mean menn that at aU all but rather J erica for the North Americans Jut as in times everything gave way e eRoman Roman citizen and ad In l cr n S before the BritIsh subject so now must t give way y before th n of the United States To control the economic keys kes of the world Is to grasp the ec Keys s or of America Is Th ot of Imperialism it i the ntY ll of Is U ab n war ar gave the people ot of the United States great victories transformed them into it great power sand and the conference or of The Hague did even because it the Monroe doctrine permitted the United Sta States es to pro proclaim proclaim claim to the world once for all lea iea for the I asked one of our high he thought about the statement Dr at e eFre Fre Frenchman H Hit replied that tha it as mere merely the or of onema one inait but that his remarks about far ter the Americans was the wood the bark on Editors Haskins ober on the Monroe doctrine b ba i concluded In a final article le h will willbe wI be published next Sunday Y The see se ond Installment will deal with Uh toe South American attitude It wm con contain tain tam stati statistics of oC a as well as man many the in his travels |