Show WILSON GIVES PEACE TREATY TO SENATORS makes strong plea for the adoption of the document without changes MUST MAINTAIN NEW ORDER all conferees the president says were agreed that league of free nations was an absolute necessity for worlds peace 0 washington july 10 president IVl liron in presenting the peace treaty and the league of nations to the senate today in an epochal session explained to the senators and to the african Am rican people his reasons for nl aib ug ng ratification without change or tes res ovation tion ile he as follows gentlemen of the senate the treaty of peace with germany was as signed at versailles on the of june I 1 avail myself of the earliest opportunity to lay jay the treaty before lou for ratification and to inform you with regard to the work of the he conference by which that treaty was formulated the treaty constitutes nothing less legs than a world settlement it would not be possible for me even to summarize of to construe its manifold provisions in an address which must of necessity be ba something less than a treatise my services and all the information I 1 possess will be at your disposal and at the tha disposal of your committee on foreign relations at any ume time either informally or in session a as you way prefer and I 1 hope that you will III not bet hesitate tate to make use of them I 1 shall at this time prior to your own study of the document attempt only a general characterization of its scope and purpose cognizant of paris moves jo ja one sense no doubt there Is no need that I 1 should re report p ort to you what nas aa attempted and done at carls you hake been daily cognizant of what was going on there of the problems with which the pence peace conference biad to deal and of the difficulty of lading down straight lines of settlement anywhere on a field on which the old lines of international ter and the new alike fol followed lomed so intricate a pattern and were for the most part cut so dee deep p by historical circumstances which dominated action wh where erelt it would have been best to ignore or reverse them the cross currents of politics and of interest Inte iest must have been evident to you it would be presuming in me to attempt to explain the questions which arose or the many diverse elero elem ats that entered inlo thecil themi 1 shall attempt less ambitious than that and more clearly suggested bemy by my duty to report to the congress the apart it seemed necessary for my colleagues and me to play as the representatives of the government of abe united states that part was dictated ty by the role america has played in the war and by the expectations that had been created in the die minds of tile peoples wab whom we e lead bad associated ourselves in that great struggle reason for entering war the united states stales entered the war apoi n different footing from every othel nation except our n associates opiates on oil this side the lie sen sea we entered it mot mat becane our material interests were directly threatened or because any special treaty obligations to which we parties had boon been violated but bot only because we saw the supremacy and even the he validity of right everywhere put in ili jeopardy and free government erm ilent likely to be everywhere imperi per lid ltd by the intolerable aggression ot af a power which respected neither right obligation and whose very terii of government flouted tile the rights tit of the citizens as against the autoerotic authority of ills his governors and in the settlements of the pence peace we birve bm e sought no special reparation for ourselves but only the restoration of right and the assurance of liberty everywhere that hint the effects of the settlement were vere to be felt fell we ve entered the war as af the lie disinterested champions of light nod and we interested ourselves in the cerias of the peace in no other capacity allies hopes at low ebb the ilie hopes of the nations allied against the central powers were at a ery erv low lov ebb when hen our soldiers began to pour across the alie sea sa there was everywhere ery where amongst guem except in tapir stoutest spirits a somber foreboding of 41 disaster the war ended ig li november eight months ago but yet havi have only to recall what was fearl y in 1 midsummer mid sumer last only four our she it A months before the armistice to redl lie what nhat it was that our timely aid accomplished alike for their morale and 1 11 their physical safety the first never to be forgotten action at chateau thierry had already taken place our redoubtable soldiers and marines had bad already closed the gap the enemy had succeeded in opening for their flidr advance upon paris carls had already turned the tide of battle back toward the frontiers of france and begun the llie rout that was nas to save IM rope md and the world thereafter tile germans were to be always alway 9 forced back hack back were never to thrust successfully cess fully forward again arid and yet there was no confident bope hope put new heart into allies the inere sight of our men of their vigor of the confidence that hint showed itself in every movement of their stalwart figures and cery turn of their amin swinging ing march in their steady comprehending pre eyes and easy discipline in the indomitable air that hint added spirit to everything they did made everyone who taw saw them that memorable day realize that something lied had happened that was much more than a mere incident in the fighting something very different from the mere arrival of fresh troops they were recognized as crusaders and as their thousands swelled to rail millions their strength was seen to mean salvation and they were tit fit men to cany such a hope and make good the assurance it forecast finer men never went vent into battle and their officers were ere worthy of them comrades in great cause this Is not the occasion upon which to utter a eulogy of 0 we ali e armies america sent to france but perhaps since I 1 am speaking of their mission I 1 may speak also ot of the pride I 1 shared with every american N who iio saw or dealt with them there they were the sort of men america would wish to be represented by the sort of men every american would wish to claim as fellow countrymen and comrades in a great cause they were bere terrible in ID battle and gentle and helpful out of it remembering the mothers and the sisters the wives ives and the little children at home they were free men under arms not forgetting their ideals of duty in the midst of tasks of violence I 1 am proud to have had the privilege of being associated soc socia ted with them and of calling myself their leader hard task at peace table and the compulsion of what nhat they hey stood for was upon us who he represented america at the peace table it was our duty to see to it that every decision we took part in contributed so far as we were able to influence it to quiet the fears and realize the hopes of the peoples who lied had been living in that shadow the nations that lied had come by our assistance to their freedom it was our duty duly to do everything that it was within our howerto power to do to make the triumph of freedom and of right a lasting triumph in the assurance of which men might everywhere live without fear difficulties hard to adjust these were not tasks which the conference looked about to find and went out of its way to perform they were inseparable from the settlements of 0 peace they were thrust upon it by which co could uld not be overlooked the war had created them in all quarters of the world old established relationships had been disturbed disturb eLl or broken and affairs were at loose ends needing to be mended ended or united again but could not be made nhat they hey were before they had to lie set right by applying some uniform principle of justice or enlightened expediency ped lency ency and they could not be adjusted by merely prescribing in a treaty what want should be done new states were to be set up tip which could not hope to J ie e through their first period of weakness without assured support by the great nations that had con consented anted to their creation arid and won for them men their independence future international conventions with mth regard to the control of waterways with regard to illicit traffic of many kinds in arms or in deadly drugs rr ri with regard to the adjustment ot of many varying international admina administrative arrangements could not lie assured it if tie cie treaty were to provide oo 00 permanent common international agency if its execution in such matters was to lm lie left to the slow and uncertain processes ses of cooperation try ordinary methods of negotiation common tribunal necessary it if the pence peace conference itself was to lo he be the end of operative cooperative co authority nail common counsel among tile the governments ern ments to which the world was looking to enforce justice and give pledges of nn an enduring settlement regions like the barin could riot not be put under a temporary administrative regime which did not involve it a transfer I 1 of political sovereignty and which contemplated a final determination of its political connections by popular vote to be taken at ft a distant date tio no tree free city like danzig could be ere created I 1 which was under elaborate international to accept exceptional obligations with regard to the use of its port sta rela eions alons with a state of which it was not to form fonn a part properly safeguarded plebiscites could not be provided for where populations were at some future date dale to make choice what hat sal boier fr they would live under no ic certain r and uniform method of arbitration could tie be secured for the settlement i of anticipated difficulties of final decision with ichard to many mailers dealt with in the treaty itself the long continued supervision of tile the tok task of reparation which d ier leri nany was to undertake to rom complete piete within tile hie next generation might breakdown the reconsideration and revision of administrative arrangements arrangement sand and restrictions the treaty prescribed but nelch it was recognized might not proe of lasting advantage or entirely fair if too too long enforced be lei im practicable A league of free nations had bad become a practical necessity examine the th treaty of peace and you will find that everywhere throughout its manifold provisions its framers have falt obliged to turn to the league of nations as an indispensable instrumentality for the maintenance of the new neav order it has been their purpose to lo set up in the world the world of civilized men that there should be a league of nations to steady the counsels and maintain the peaceful understanding of the world to make not treaties alone but the accepted principles of international law as well the actual rule or of conduct among the governments of the world las has been one of the agreements accepted from the first as the basis of pence peace with the central powers Saw Necessity for league the statesmen of all the belligerent countries were viere agreed that such a league must be created to sustain the settlements that were nere to be effected but burnt at first I 1 think there was vias a feeling eeling among some of them that while be attempted the formation of 0 such a league was perhaps a counsel of perfection which practical men long experience in the world of affairs afzali s mut must mu t agree to very cautiously and with many misgivings it was only as the difficult work of erf arranging an all but universal adjustment of the ii worlds affairs advanced from day to day from one stage of conference to another that it became evident to them that what they were seeking would be little more ih than au something written upon paper to be interpreted and applied by bubli method as the chances of politics might make available if they did not provide a means of common counsel which all were obliged to accept a common authority whose hose decisions would be te recognized as decisions which all must respect skeptical turn to la league and so the most practical Ucal the wo most qt skeptical among them turned niora more and more inore to the league as the authority through which international action was to tobe be secured the authority without chichas chas they had come to see it it would be difficult to give assured effect to this treaty or to any other international ter understanding upon which they were to depend for the maintenance nance e of peace the most moat practical of the conferees were at last the most ready to refer to the league of nations the of all interests which did not admit of immediate determination of all adminis problems which were viere to require a continuing oversight what lad seemed a counsel of perfection lied come to seem a plain counsel of necessity the league of nations was the practical states mans hope of success in miny many of the most difficult thin ahinga he was is attempting and it had bad validated itself in the thought of every member of the conference as something bi bigger ger rauch greater every way thin than a mere instrument for carrying out the provisions of a particular treaty it was wag universally recognized that all file peoples of the world demanded ot of the conference that it hould create such a continuing concert of free nations as would make inake wars of agg aggression relon and spoliation such as this that lias has just ended forber impossible A cry he had gone out from every home in berv stricken land from which ions and brothers and fathers had gone forth to the great sacrifice that such a sacrifice should never again be exacted it was manifest why it luid and been exacted it had been exacted because ne nation de l ired dominion and other nations had known no means of defense except armaments lind and alliances people now know truth war had lain at the heart of every ari of burcope of every arrangement of tile the bild that preceded the war Il It estive peoples had been told flint fleets and armies they tolled to sustain meant peace and they now know that they had been lied to that fleets and had been maintained to promote national ambitions and meant war they knew flint no old policy meant anything any lhing else but force force always force and and they knew that it was intolerable |