Show THE CARE OF THE TAE mm by E D BALL director itah experiment station ore oreon oregon on short line railroad demonstration on train lecture there Is no use planting cultivating and developing an orchard up to bearing with any expectation of m making money out of vt U unless you are willing to put both time and money into it after it reaches the bearing stage and there ts is probably nothing in western agriculture that will pay you better tor for the time and money you spend than this same 0 orchard provided you spend enough and at the same time there Is nothing in western agriculture in which a person can roae malke as great a failure allure as they can in orchard work the afie people ot of the east with the great markets of 0 our country right at their doors door often make a fair amount of money on orchards that receive little or no care they raise a cheap in ina fenior product bu bill eang close to the markets with or no freight charge to pay thi y be able to still dispose of it at a profit with us of the intermountain region the problem Is quite different the freight on a box of apples from here to ohio Is on the average as much as the ohio man gets tor for his apples in order therefore that we may get anything for our product we must put on to the eastern markets a product that Is in every way superior to the home grown product and will command a superior price an apple grower anywhere in the state of ohio has approximately people who want his apples within a radius or of miles the intermountain i fruit grower has on the other hand less than people to eat his apples within a radius of goo mil miles es and practically all of the world markets open to his products are from 1000 to 2000 miles from his door and worse than all this those milis miles are in every case over the worst of mountain roads with heavy grades and high freight charges A box of apples selling at may be sold at 1 a loss another box of apples selling at or 2 00 or in the case of our fancy fruit I 1 sometimes much more may yield handsome returns it if it costs to produce a box of apples that sell ell tor for and a consequent losy may produce a box of apples that will sell tor for and a handsome profit where then shall we spend the extra 10 cents per bushel the first requirement of a market able apple Is that it be free from worms two and a halt half to three cents therefore must go to spraying that box of apples and when we vie say spray in the western country we e mean spray thorough persistent in elligant ell tell igent work we have as the result remit of 0 a good many years of effort developed lev eloped d a method of spraying which eange an be depended upon to give results the important features of this method are first that you have an outfit pable of handling SL a considerable amount ot of liquid at a constant pressure pies dessure res sure of to pounds the largest size elze of barrel pumps double acting pumps and power outfits will do 0 all this and it makes no difference which one ot of these outfits yau you have with reference to the efficiency of spraying praying the best spraying that has ver ever been done in this state and aa a good as has ever been done in any other ither state has been done with altha a po nona niona barrel outfit costing 22 2200 00 but ut thai hat outfit must have ore one accas ory that Is hard to purchase in the th caipen pen market and that Is a man iman with nith a i head bead on him lm to run it there are certain ertain accessories besides the man that hat box of apples and when we say do lo 10 good work 25 feet of 7 ply hose a bamboo ambio pole 10 to 12 feet in length a i crook on the end of this pole and on n this 1111 a nozzle that will throw a oarse coarse spray five or six feet before it breaks into a mist with this outfit and nd a platform or tower so that the man handling the nozzle can get above the trees treed and spray down into the he calyx cups spray sidewise into those hose that stand out on the side spray up into those that turn down below taking care to see that every single blossom on the tree receives its ts share of the poison truly efficient spraying can be done the number of times to spray and the poison to use are questions that must be settled by bocar conditions lead arsenate at present prices five pounds to too gallons Is probably v as good a poison as can be used paris green one third of 0 a pound to a barrel has however given just as good results where there was not too much rain or dampness at spraying time lime the number 0 of sprayings spray ings depends on the number ot of worms the previous year it uncertain in regard to this factor spray twice once just as soon as the blossoms fall from the trees and again in ten days or two weeks band every tree with there appears more than two or three there spears more than two or three per cent of worms in the first br brood then spray again two or three times tor for the second brood it if the orchard closes the season with only two or three per cent wormy or even five per cent it will be fairly sate safe to cut the early sprayings spray ings down to one and then watch tor for the movement of 0 the worms 8 as a before to see I 1 it f later sprays should be b given dont leave this car with the idea that I 1 have said that one spraying will control the codling moth I 1 know dozens of orchards that have bate not been sprayed more than once a year tor tour four or fire ave years but be foye for that time every one of those or hards was wa sprayed from three to live times and was banded iti in order u t got get the worms down to a number where it would be ato to stop witt one ona spraying any method ot of spray lug ing which reduces the number ol of worms lo in uie the orchard each year be low that which occurred there the previous year Is successful any method ot of spraying which allows the worms to I 1 increase ne rease in an orchard or which only holds holda anem stationary when they are destroying from 10 to 20 per cent of 0 the apples Is a a failure a llort as far as western conditions As are oon concerned because that 10 to 20 per cent that Is destroyed will bo be the largest i finest and most highly colored f tri t 0 on n the tree while the little e into interior bior uncolored nubbins bubbins that grow down underneath will bo be the ones onea that will be free re from worms in a good many sections in this state slate considerable trouble was expert encee this past season with the worms and many an that felt that he had solved the problem with spraying before this season is alarmed at the number ot of worms in his crop we this year and Is looking around for or a reason for or the increase most of 0 them however are looking in the wrong direction for or the cause some think the pump was no good 1 others are sure the poison was no good but I 1 have discovered no one as yet that has even suggested that the man was deteriorating and yet the fact act remains that a very large percentage of 0 our growers have become overconfident over confident in the past two or three years the codling moth runs in cycles of 0 destructiveness as do al lother insects some years it will be worse a good deal worse than others eight or nine years ago the average of 0 the orchards ot of the state was two to three worms to an apple two or three years ago as the result of 0 a co cobl nation ot of almost universal spraying and certain unfavorable climatic conditions that number was reduced to the minimum at the same time the bo number of sprayings spray ings was also reduced the bands were left off the codling moth began to increase in numbers and an exceptionally favorable season tor for their multiplication resulted in a heavy damage last year and yet last year there were dozens of orchards in the state ot of utah that went through the season with a single spraying and one would have to search some time tor for a wormy apple in the orchards I 1 think however that this lesson will have a good ef ev feet in the end better put on an extra spray and work on the bands when hen they do not appear to be doing much good than to repeat the expert experience ot of the past season there is no profit in wormy apples and phere here is no satisfaction in them e ither either to be continued |