Show + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + i S TIEURALDS t + 11lome Study Circle + 4 Copyright lS9 by Sey our Eaton r 4 + Directed by Frof Seymour Eaton I 4 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + f t + i + + RiTARCAN STATESMEN V BENJAIN FRAN B HARLE H SMITH LT D enJamhi Frnkws the fifteenth child or r New Ezland family of sev enters chUrel He was born In Boston Bos-ton In lC6 and when 10 years old as iittbd his father at his trade of a tal Jew chandler and Sap boiler At the age of 13 he was apprenticed to his brother hd ldrned l from him thl trade of jt prlntct Four years later he went to Philadelphia where his IrteUgence lra 6kI son brought him Into notice FollowIng the urgent advice of the gOvern r of Pennsylvania he went to London where he remalnc a year and I a hl But 10 mare prcring opening open-Ing appeared for him there than that ot n teacher oC a swimming school which ho was urged by an influential I friend to accept FortunatelY he had Iis cr Ideals for a life work s e me turned to Philadelphia In 1j26 Here he settled a a printer marie and lived for nearly thirty years before making his first long sojourn abroad I vas during these ear that he dls lared tlo C qualities and achieved hose results whIch have given him an acknowledged place among the wisest oC mankind al1 the benefactors of tic Yc rc In his business affairs he was shrewd and farsighted and prospered frst in the conduct of his printing of lIce then as editor and publisher ot the Pennsylvania Gazette In the latter lat-ter he Introduced the novel feature of advertIsements and so as Parton says originate the modern system ot advertising ad-vertising Wle always thrifty and with a keen eye for the profit Of an enterprise en-terprise he was never forgetful oC the higher utilities and evidently valued his personal successes for the opportu nites they brought him to be useful to ches The ruling motive oC his life was to benefit mankind and to this hiS efforts were chiefy directed As u COMplcuous Illustration of this should be mentioned his publication of Pobr IUchars Almanac This he clmnten ed in 1732 and continued for about twentfc years The distinguishing distin-guishing feature of It was the collection collec-tion of short pithy maxims which each number contained and which were intended In-tended to commend the homely virtues such a industry obrety and economy A few specimens will show their favor Tongue double brings trouble He that drinks fast pas slow Would you live with ease do what yoU ought and not what you please oman o-man yet was glorious who was not laborious la-borious Three may keep a secret I two of thEm are dead Early to bed ad earlY to rise make a man healthy wealthy and wiseDiligence is the mother or good luck Gad helps them tat hell themselves None preaches bettor than the ant and she says nothIng noth-Ing The lol eDl queMlon In the world 15 What good can I do In It 0 lazy bones Dost thou think God would have given thee arms and leas l If he had not designed thou oulst use them 7 An empty bag cannot stand upright Well done I twice done rhe aleeplng fox cato c no poultry Up Up Keep thou from the opportunity an God wH keep thee from the sin Beware Of ltte ax pense a small leak will Ink a great ship Tis easier to prevent bad habits hab-its than tobreak them Silks and satins sat-Ins put out the kitchen fire A IllOw man on his legs is higher than a gen temen on hs knees Haste les waste Virtue and a trade are a cbUds best portion Content Is the philosophers stone that runs aI It touches into Eold Concerning this famous almanac Morse In his life oC Franklin says The nUblcaton ranks as one of the most Influential l In the world Its proverbial pro-verbial sentence chiefly such as inculcated incul-cated Industry and frugality as the means or procuring wealth and thereby by securing virtue were sown like aced all over the land The almanac went year after year for a quarter of a cent cen-t y Into the houses of nearly every hpke er planter and farmer In the AmerIcan provinces Its wit and humor hu-mor Its practical tonelis shrewd maxims max-ims Its worldly honesty Its morality of cdmmo sense Its ufu1 Informa ton an chime wel wih the natIonal t character I formulated In homely phrase anti with droll illustratIon what the colonists more vaguely knew felt and believed upon a thousand points of life and conduct 11 r doing It greatly trained and invigorated the natural mental traits of the oeople Poor RIcarr was the revere and popular hoolmaster of a young nton during ita perIod of tutelage His teachIngs teach-Ings nre long the powerful forces which have gone to shaping the habits of Americans It was not in the giving I of good ad vee only that Franklin sought to benefit bene-fit llitl fellow men for his bus brain wan f ggsUng practical devices for In reslng the comfort of life or wIdening outlook One of his best known InvenUon was the stove whIch bear his name which Was a great Im proyemer on the open fireplace On thIs he reflsd to take out a patent considering that whatever advantage mlgi cere to the public from Its use wits only part recompense for the many benefits conferreit by society upon him He devised and established the frt circulating lIbrary He founded an acdey which later became the University Uni-versity ot PennSIarlq He reorganized reorgan-ized the fire department of PhUadel phiavith the result that loss by ire was great diminished As pomdter I made the Dostofflce far spore ef 1 > fclcnt than 1 had ever bcn eor He interested lsimself deeply in scientific poblems of various kind brIngIng to bear upon the the penetration or his keen original mind Hia most famous diocoy was made when he t8tabll ed the identity of atmospheric electricity electric-ity with that obtained artificially tn the labcrator The kite which brought down lightning from thcsklC raised him In the sight Of all the world to a place among the get rentUlc lights of the age > 0 that when he went to Europe he was a famous man and the best known elf lln = Americans The frs of his two ntCo Important missions abroad was In 176t Tat year opened period momentous In the hL tory of our cunt The French and Indian war had been fought and had ended with the expulsion 01 the Fen h from the North American continent The peace oC Paris ha1 closed one Wr but i prepared time way fot another Qr It left the ritsh government tree to tons its atenton to th colonIes as i j 1r ji J I I K tA 4b 0 v I ke J c k T 1 I T ILJ f I r TT j BENJA1IN FRANKLIN n a source of revenue and at the same tIme made the colonies less than ever willing to submit to external control FranklIn was now 58 years old dad the most important part of his public i life was still befpr him The cfmin storm or th revolution was not 41 the mom nt seen and FranklIn went to EnGland as the agent 1 or PennsYlvania to lQQk after her interests 1 Inter-ests In a contest with the prorietbf H expected to return In a few months but strtlm events soon came completely com-pletely ershadowing the original object ob-ject of his mission and keeping him several yenta at a post which had grown to be one of national Importance Import-ance First came the stamp act and in connection with It rankln made one ot the few blunder oC his life He mistook mis-took the course of public opinion In the colonies believing that they would submit sub-mit to the ta and accordingly recommended recom-mendEd a person for apDlntment as seller or ihe stamps In Philadelphia Great was the wrath or his countrymen country-men who Were led to believe that he approved the tax and had even advised it But he had from the frt protested asinft i and contnu d to pint out thp dangers Gf the course which the goverment was taking < i5 his true attitude became better known his pop ulait returned One oC the conspicuous incidents oC the stampact controversy wos the e alnlton of Franklin at the bar or the house oC commom Friends and foe alike pled him with questions concerning con-cerning the resources of1 the colonic their attItude toward the mother country coun-try their probable course IC parliament continued to tax them Never did Franklin show more plainly his wealth or Information his master of clear statement his tact and keenness Burke said of the proceeding that It was like an examination of a master by a parcel par-cel of schoolboys An English periodIcal period-Ical said From this examination of Dr Franklin the reader may ton a clearer and more comprehensive idea or the tate and dispositIon of America Ameri-ca of the expediency or expedlency of the measure In question and af the character and conduct oC the minister who prepared i than from aU that han bean written upon the subject In newspapers news-papers and pamphlets under the title of essays letters speeches and considerations consid-erations from the first moment of Js becoming the subject of public attention atten-tion until now The repeal oC the star act which followed was bele e In America to bo largely the result oC Franklins efforts so that his popularity pop-ularity was greatly Increased During the years that immediately followed the repeal he was applnted agent In England Eng-land for Now Jersey Georgia and MI sachusots so that he represented at the same time tour colonies two of them oC the first Importance Thee appointments his thorough acquaInt ance with colonial affairs and his great personal prestige caused him to be regarded in England as the rpre sentatve or all America He continued to labor for a friendly adjustment of difculte on a basis satisfactory to the colonies until It became evident In 17j4 that no such settlement was possible pos-sible Then he returned to Philadelphia Philadel-phia after an absence of ten years Event followed each other In rapid succession culminating In the declaration declara-tion or Independence In 176 Franklin WI now 70 year old and miht well have clamed exemption from further orvIce But the new nation needed her g ates and wisest citizen to represent rep-resent her at the friendly court of Louis XVI Franklin cheerfully undertook took the task and so entered upon what proved to be the most difficult and perplexing prod of hisUfe The Importance ot his mission tvhs clearly seen Lore noklnsham declare that the presence or ranln In Paris much more than offset the victory of the English on Long Island and the capture oC Ne York The people of Pars were geiUy moved by the arrival I ar-rival of this venerable man whom they knew by reputatIon a one or the worlds sages and followed him about with reverent admIration much as I Solon or Socrates had sUddenly appear e in their mldrt Franklin shrewdly made the most of this and turned i all to account for h lplne his countrs cause For nine ers he remained in France doing a work therewhich In Imiortacee tvaslIttl I a mill behind that of Washington himself In bringing bring-ing the revolution to asuccossfui issue Among thegetest dltcult 9 f the war were the lack or moneyndof credit by which money could le ob tin d France was wen dspmf d but what securIty could the young and T > o J rggIn msati ii1 give for lozi At tls jUR turpFlUns3Rct and per sualve his personal prestige an i otifidenceheInsp1red actually sup Pl tpe ldaceof credit and diew forth those generous supplies of money which wer essential to the prosecU t0D or the war This constitutes Faklnt unique contribution tQ the success or the American cause fa we must believe that a task which even he accomplished wltq difficulty would have ben impossible for any one ls Or the Constant harassment to which he was subjected by the Jealous of cCilengues and the mconslul lf cde mantis or congress there il iot iQm hero to speak Relief came in 1 when the treaty QC peace was slg d and two years late he was pemlited to return borne Surely now the aged man woUd be allowed his welearned rest But his feUQw citizens could not yet deny theselve the beet of his services Hd was elected chief exeuteof Penn sylv nlu and In t7 a sent a agate slle a-gate to the cfqventon which gao us our conyittition le Was the Nester oC that famous body but aside from ex etng his Influence for harmony toOk Ute part In Its proceedings HIs work was done yet he lived until li90 long enough to see the c tablshment of tint government under Washington tn the country he loved sweU and to whQC welfare hO had devoted the best crcr ghes oC his long and wonderful Ute c Yale University Unerw Courses of Instrcton Autumn11ntct Term lsrlX Mondays and Thursdays PODulr Studies in Shaespere Tuiays 5 The World Great Artists Vednes days Desk Studies for Girls ant Shop and Trade StudIes for Boys FrIayst Great America Statesmen Saturdays Home Science and Household Economy Econ-omy These courses will < OItnuc unt Jan at 190 Exainaton wU he held at their close as a baslpr the rant In or certificates |