Show KING ON IMPERIALISM t Address Delivered at t1ie University S of Utah + THE PHILIPPINE PROBLEM t o p TO TERRJTORL EXPANSION AND IMPERIALISIlC + II I I M1nifest DestinyInfluence of the Great RepublicCause of the War With SpainThings to Be Considered Consid-ered In mection With the Additions Ad-ditions to Our Domain + Congressman W H King addressed a large audience at the universIty yesterday yes-terday forenoon composed for the greater part or teachers and scholars of that institution His subject was Imperialism and dealt to some extent ex-tent with the question of the disposition disposi-tIon of the Philippines The audience was greatly interested In beginning the speaker defined imperialism im-perialism and proceeded to show that territorial expansion did not necessarily necessar-ily lead to imperialism The objections to territorial expansIon which were urged in the senate and by the opponents oppo-nents of the treaty Were referred to and I answered The speaker contendfc1 that though Jefferson and thor great statesmen states-men of that time questioned the con stitutlonality of allY measure which added to the area of the republic still a proper interpretation of that great 1lSQument warranted the action of the senate and of the government in taking the various steps resulting in territorial terri-torial expansIon The various acts of anneXltion were examined and the attitude at-titude of the various political parties i with respect to the same shown There can be no question as to the power of tile government to acquire new terri tory if the rihtfulness of the act is to bg determined by precedent The same r 3estlon has been passed upon by the 1h1hcst judicial tribunal of the country coun-try As early as the days 0 Chief Justice Jus-tice Marshal in the celebrated case of the United States vs Canter 1st Peters tne power of the federal government to extend its area was exhaustively treat cd and the conclusion reached that the power to make treaties and declare war Involves the right to acquire ter rltorlal possessions and govern and control the same The various decisIons decis-Ions of the supreme court relatIve to this subject were then discussed and the views of Tebster and his contemporaries contem-poraries who contended that the constitution con-stitution contemplated a republic of limited area only and forbade in spirit if not in words the admission of any states except such as might be carved from territory ceded to the federal government gov-ernment at the time of its organization organiza-tion were next considered by the speaker and he showed from the writings wrIt-ings of some who participated in the ormation of the onstltutlon and others who etccrcised great influence in the destiny and growth of the republic in its infancy that such a view was fal Inelous and incompatible ith the var ious determinations of congress the adjudications of the courts and the best thoughts of many of the ablest exponents expo-nents of the constitution Our government govern-ment is committed to the doctrine of territorIal eXpansion From thirteen colonIes it has grown to fortyfive sovereign sov-ereign states and possesses territorIes from hich others may be formed By legislative enactment it has annexed in addition to Hawaiian islands more than three score of Islands in the Pacific Pa-cific ocean and Caribbean sea its glowth has been natural and not forced and its expansion legitimate and not as the result of a lust for power I or prompted by ambitious design or a spit of military despotism The ze 1l th of the nation has not been reached t iustriallY nor have the highest points bCpn attained numerically or in those grEat forces which make for a higher iviiization NeIther has it reached the limit of growth territorially T ere is nothing in the letter or spirit of the constitution which narrows the sphere of the republic to the present era of the Dnited States The contention of those writers who maintain that republics cannot rule over vast areas and great numbers are unsound The speaker then traced the history of colonial growth in the nations of antiquity as wen as in modern nations and showed the analogy between the genesis of anImal an-Imal life and of nations The development develop-ment of crlonies in Greece and Rome was in language of Grote not continuous con-tinuous populaion but by natural fracture Such colonies were units and were formed much as unicellular orgahisms in the animal kingdom Phocae a city reached a certain limit and hived its surplus people who formed Sardinia So it was the colonies colo-nies of the ancient nations were units were states rather than a propel development de-velopment along the line3 of national growth Carthage attempted to eld 300 cities They were colonies without strength they were units without nationalism I na-tionalism they were the resUlt of gemnation exudations from the parent government and asenml in character The varIous kinds of colonies were then discussed and the causes leading to their formation special attention beIng given to those which resulted from religious enthusiasm and those implanted primarily for commercial purposes The spirit of modern colonIal dejbopment was referred to and the I ndb2tnges and disadvantages result I 1I to those governments whose efforts I Le directed along the line of thE establishment I es-tablishment of dependencIes and colonies col-onies Great Britain with a population of 39000000 has colonies possessing a population of more than 322OOOOW France with a population of 38OQOOQO has colonies whose population aggregates aggre-gatES OOOOOOQ and Portugal whose population is 5OOOOOQ contains colonial dependencies whose people number more than 10OQOOQO The great rivalry between modern nations results more or lear from the policy of colonial ex pansiop RUSsia Is expanding but not establishing colonies Italys efforts to found colonies in Africa has rpsulted in disaster Germany is t1gressive and seeks for oriental aggrandizement and contends that national growth will be augmented by increased territorial area The speaker referred to the great burdens imposed upon the nations which are developing coloniesthe standIng armies required the vast navies na-vIes to be maintained the great mill tary power employed and the beau rocracy developed Mr Bryce the emInent emI-nent English statesman doubts whether wheth-er the advantages resulting from Eng lands great conquests have compensated compen-sated for the penditues occasioned and the drafts made upon the empire The colonies of Great Britain and es peclall in Australasia have no differentiated dif-ferentiated tariffs but open their marts to the trade of our republic making us the beneficiaries of their commerce equally with the benefactions conferred con-ferred upon the mother country It is not indispensably necessary for the Pssesslon of colonies to obtain the tade of nations Trade Is a natural deIopment resulting from proper QOlidjtions It is not absolutely neces gary that our nation should possess at colonial possessions in order to ob tab the trade of the world Our exports ex-ports duri g the past fiscal year have exceeded 200JOOOOomore than the exports oJ allY other nation of the World unless perhaps Great Britain From a small beginning We have grown to a powerful commercial nation and without the possession of colonies our commerce is carried into every sea and our commetcial relations extend to very clime Though trade In the language lan-guage fLord Salisbury 1f llows the flag the preexistence of thC lElg is not indispensable t trade So if we + seek industrial devebopment and ilie commerce uf the world it will come regardless of standing armies and mighty navies and military strength It will be ours by right of conquest by virtue of the genius 1f tWo American Ameri-can people and the Inexhaustible re s urces of our great republic and the splendid freedom and glory which comes from the birthright of AmerIcan citizenship The speaker next discussed the question ques-tion of manifest destiny and contended con-tended that sooner or later the influence influ-ence of the republic would pervade this continent and the process of expansion would continue until other countries and nations became a part of the republic re-public The Monroe doctrine was examined ex-amined and the various objections which were urged against the annexation annexa-tion of Hawaii and the Philippine predicated upon the supposed View enunciated in the Monroe doctrine were taken up and the concluEifon reached that a proper application of the views of President Monroe did not forbftl the growth of the republic territoriallY terri-toriallY beyond the confines of the Pacific Pa-cific slope The reasons which led to the promulgation of the doctrIne were alluded te and the many mlsconcep 110ns with respect to the doctrine discussed dIs-cussed The Monroe doctrine prevents the European nations from Implanting their systems of political government upon this hemisplIere but it does not forbid the development of constitutional constitution-al government and the formation of states and territorIes in the islands of the PacIfic or in lands which may be I freed from despotic rule i The causes of the war with Spain I next received consideration and the I obligations resting upon us in respect to the Filipinos The advantages are in I expelling Spnlns sovereignty from the island and our government cOuld not in jUstice restore the people and the islands to the dominion of Spain Whether the advantages resulting from annexation of the islands would compensate com-pensate for the dangers which would result mirht well provoke earnest differences dif-ferences The question of annexation was one more or less of expediency sociological so-ciological questions were presented of great moment when people sought admission ad-mission Into the Union whose racial conditions were so diverse from ours The great problems which had confronted I con-fronted nations attempting to unite dissimilar dis-similar peoples and governments and the dangers resulting therefrom receiv I ed attention The legislation enacted by congress to restrict foreign immiration the Chinese exclusion act etc defnonstrat cd that evils were deemed to have resulted re-sulted from the free access permitted Inhabitants of other nations It is con tepded by many that there can be no permanent peace and lasting social advancement ad-vancement where long Intercourse exists ex-ists between different people of the same government Apropos of this many students are contending that the gulf maintained between the white people and the enfranchised colored people is in menace to our nation Shall we annex indiscriminately peoples so racially different whose trainIng or lack of training unfits them for association asso-ciation with our institutions Our nation na-tion stands at the threshold of a new Efra the dawn of a new century presents pre-sents great qudstions The Islands of the Pacific and the lands beyond are to become the thatre of mighty events Our natIon has passed many dangers it has resisted the spIrIt of militarism Its path has been upward and its course conservative If it becomes imperIalistic imperIal-istic in all that the term implies seeks military renown and martial glory and is seized with a lust for power and tar ritrial aggrandizement to gratify an unholy ambition its high destiny will hl departed from and its great mission will be unfulfilled It is to be an imperial im-perial nation because of its justice its liberty il constitutional development and its mighty influence for good in I the world By its example it inspires fedom the fires of its civilization will burnt away the superstitions and the slar of the present as well as tIle future Hegel seventy years ago declared I de-clared tilat England will be the great missiohiiry of civilization and Lord I Rosebery has declared that Great Brlt ain is the great secular agency for good h aU Ue world But our nation with I its benevolent institutions wiII be the standardbearer and will prepare people I peo-ple for republican institutions and the li1rt born of constitutional law and the triumph of justice It would be I unwisE to sazr there will be no further expansion or territorial additions but in addin to our international domains WE should remember the inexorable laws of sociologic development The constitution of our country is ordained to govern a free people not satrapies and felvile dependencies Without engaging gagin in employments of other nations na-tions we can strengthen the hand of those who are struggling for a higher life This nation is the guardian of another an-other midst the silence of the skies the watcher of a beacon whose fire must never die 13 |