Show IN THE TUE SIERRA MARESi MADRES MADRESS S JB B Y A Expedition Has Now Reached Old DId t Mexico I SEEK CAVE DWELLERS I GRAPHIC G C CONDITION OF OP LIE CONrON AMONG G THE T POOR P OR MEXICANS t From The Heralds Correspondent with the B Y A A Expedition Chihuahua Sept 15 That I northern Mexico is anything but I Mexican so 50 far fth f r as financial interests interest are concerned is made apparent nt after a very few f W days da of f travel in Sonora and Chihuahua The rich copper prop properties ertes of the te former forer state st te are by y German English Ush and American capitalists Foreign brains direct for foreign eign eig machine accomplishes and only the te labor that falls fals to the lot of the drudge Is performed by the Mexican On crossing the Sierra Madre into Chihuahua the vast cattle catte ranges are ren in the he hands bands of Americans or English An immense Immen e valley valey where antelope rivaled the cattle catle C te in numbers is the property of a younger younge son of Lord L rd Beresford Here and aL at the te estate known as The Chimneys on the San Pedro river his lordship as a he is com corn commonly dubbed exercises his hounds on antelope deer bear and wolves while his lila cattle catte grow fat without care c re or winter feeding and a year the stock having been shipped ship d northward by the trainload he goes back to Eng England England England land to blow In the The next next ranch to is I own owned owned owned ed by an American erica n On i it t in m the valley of the San Pedro were ere the first frt evidences of buried burled towns that we e have come COne across though we have seen een many isolated mounds and houses Then comes the range of ot the Standard Oil 01 company a large larse tract tract of ot rolling hills his and wide w de valleys The hillsides are timber grown gown but are like the valleys co ed AV with wit ith nutritious grasses The giant gl t monopoly has ha not not stocked its territory and Is ls probably awaiting an a opportunity to organize a cattle catte trust trustIn In the southern republic Then come ranches and ard ranges belonging to the Mormon people of Juarez Juarz and other ther colonies colonies The finest of these is the Cave Valley Valey ranch with wih adjacent range be longing to Thatcher Thatcher Bros of ot Logan Not only is the range excellent the scenery beautiful and game abundant in Cave valley vale but here are ae found the first of the ancient cave dwellings that dot the higher Sierra Madre through trough almost their entire length The Te walls wals of these cave buildings are made of ot cement and are in an excellent state of preservation They have not been en entirely entirely despoiled of the implements and utensils that they once contained but the best specimens have long since been taken to enrich the te museums of Je e world S SAmong Among all al these ranches from Ojitos to Cave Cave v valley alley valey and Pacheco and Garcia we sometimes for forget forget forget get that we are not in the states but often otten we are rudely awakened to a sense of our whereabouts Both na tia nature nature ture and man conspire to bring about i this result In the densest pine forests are re parrots trogons and other oter tropical topical birds of gorgeous plumage In the can canyons canyons canyons and valleys aleys is a a wealth of jungle vegetation and a variety of o trees that the canyons can ons of the Wasatch V cannot S boast But U It is among the poorer peo people people pie that we learn not only our o r political location but our utter inability to cone cope with the intricacies of the most beautiful of of the t romance rom nce languages lan ages Spanish as It I Is written and Mexican as a it i is i spoken bear the same same rela relationship to each other that t t Choc w does to Chinese S Homes Hom of the te Poor The large ranches would make very respectable counties counte in Utah Uth The ha haciendas hacenda haciendas cenda are from ten to thirty tidy miles mies apart but between these ee places where modern civilization and anoa an a barbaric bar aric love loveo o the gorgeous are contending for mastery mater He lie le the little dobe huts hut of the peasantry little poorly lighted cab cabins cabIns cabIns ins where barbarism pure pure and simple has bas na full tul sway Each hut is surround surrounded ed by a corn cor field feld a a watermelon patch and a garden grden spot of green geen chill Then comes the te yard yar ard infested by children quarreling dogs pigs poultry and vermin verin In rainy weather and at night the te whole aggregation aggregation gation gaton retires to the common living room Fortunately the weather is so mild mid that save stormy days all al cooking and baking bal ing can cn be done in the open air Nevertheless when we tire tr of venison antelope and wild wid turkeys we find these hovels Very ver convenient places for getting vegetables and milk To show how poorly the Mexicans DoorY understand their own language a sin single single single gle incident will wili suffice Last Lt week one of our party a young youg man from Nephi went to a ranch an ant i asked to buy some potatoes Now he had prepared prepared him himself himself himself self for just such eme by b a careful and conscientious study of Old endorf Tornos Torno Rosenthal and ad other systems of practical Naturally Naturally ally aly he supposed that he should have no trouble in making makini himself under understood understood stood The whom he accosted lost her wonted gravity at his very ery po polite p polite lite and 2nd formal foral address and almost laughed in his face By the aid of the whole family he was made to under understand understand understand stand that he had asked ask d to buy wind windmills windmills mills A second and third trial were equally amusing ausing to the natives and he was obliged to return to camp carl with wih an armful of roasting ears the Mexicans being perfectly satisfied that this was wa what he had desired all al the time In addition additon to the vegetables every Mexican housewife has cheese to sell sel such cheese It Is the te old told Dutch or sour milk mik cheese of our grandmothers cased and allowed to stand until mouldy or half hal decomposed Still with the addition additon of ot beans chili chi and a little meat it i Is to eat the stuff Milk Is boiled or scalded before being sold For sanitary saniar reasons this is a most excellent precaution to which we never object It I is strange that in a a country where everything is so favorable to fruit cul culture culture culture ture the Mexicans as a rule do noth nothing nothing ing tag with wih this industry Only in the vi vicinity vicinity vicinity of large cities like Hermosillo and Chihuahua and nc there only when spurred by foreign competition is fruit frit being successfully raised and marketed This in spite spite of the fact that an acre of fruit frit is w vs rth 1000 acres of range and that labor may be ob obtained at from 4 to 5 per Der month American money mone the te laborers boarding themselves It I is the labor system of Mexico exico that is responsible for the peon peonage peonage peonage age that amounts amount to virtual slavery The proprietor of the land owns the store where his people eople trade and sup supplies supplies plies ples them with wil goods at t such exorbitant tant tnt prices that the balance is always alway in his favor and and the peon is under ob obligation obligation paid until the th uttermost farthing Is The Mexican M Cowboy Georgeous sombreros horse norse trappings and mescal monopolize the te money of the cowboy He smokes con constantly constanty constantly stanty but his cigarettes are ar inexpensive sive she An A American dollar dolar dolar will wU buy eighty eight packs of ten each Mescal costs 2 cents cent a drink when bought by the single glass gla We visited a mescal dis distillery distillery tillery tiery in Sonora Soflora So ora and ald the sight of the preparation and the smell of the stuff were sufficient to disgust us wit with even the thought of mescal mescal as a a beverage The pithy stem of the te mescal plant a species of agave or century plant Is cut at the proper stage of its it develop development development development ment ment trimmed of ot all al superfluous leaves leaves and to the In this condition It resembles a large lare pine pineapple pineapple pineapple apple and weighs from twenty y to forty pounds The cooking process comes next A lt it Is dug some ten feet in depth depth and of about the te same Iame diameter dr df mEter r This J is walled and paved pa ed with Wi th stone sto ne and a fire fira is kept In it until the rocks are all aU but red hot hot Then Th n the te mescal heads are ae tumbled in until the te pit nit is almost furl full fui and the tIe whole is covered with wih grass gs and earth and allowed to I cook slowly When done the plant plat re fe resembles resembles and tastes tates very ver much like a ayam ayam I yam From pit to press a press that would make a elder C press show all modern Improvements hn I Wooden rollers roler and do the i work in a yard that v would make an average corral ashamed of itself and I the juice unstrained and thick with wih 1 I accumulated filth trickles into barrels I that are never washed Here it Jt fer j ments meats and is soon ready for the he StU The raw product and all al Mexicans J i drink it i raw smells like a combined I oil refinery tan tn yard and smoke house houseA A German capitalist who has baa ha been i In Sonora for or twenty years says that i I he can note even in this short space spa i of ot time the rapid degeneration of or the Mexican race The men are weaklings and incapable of ot prolonged exertion either mental ment or physical This fact t t he ascribes to the constant use ot mescal and cigarettes Twenty years agoa ago a woman of the lower lOW er class cas w uld be b e in insulted suIted suled If offered a drink now she is i insulted If 1 not no offered one when men are drinking in her presence Immor Immorality afy another national vice vie is also hv hav bavins ipg ins its Is effect and th Ue e peasantry of or to today today today day cannot produce men like Hidalgo and Morelos S So S far as opportunities for tor communistic labor go Mexico in Sonora and western we tern Chihuahua offers to American colonists colonist Here Hee I Is every ever variety u uP climate and soil and the national government fosters immigration df Of O the desirable kind I Markets Market are unlimited and near at hand I and prices Drice obtained are good On the theother te theother other oter hand the lack of social advantages avan and of educational facilities are apparent But from fr m the present Indi Indications catons the Latin race ra in northern Mex Mexico ico leo will wi soon son be displaced by more pro progressive progressive and and then these tese present disadvantages will wi be done away a wa with wih and this will willbe wil willbe be the the choicest part Dart of or at the continent rich for the poor man as S well wel as for the The Brigham Young Yo ng academy expedition exe dillon diton is now on the point of ot leaving the mountain colonies and traveling for some so a time in the te re region region gion glon about the head of the te Mayo river and In the Chihuahua and Sonora coq con diera where here the remnants remnant of the tat 1st cave cye dwellers are ar am supposed to still ex exist |