Show jw Use or ti be am ra raI I Picture photography Photo raphy Oue Olie on e of Latest a tet Scientific Achieve Achievements ments Between Old and New Methods has h become almost In Inin Tm n 1 T in many branch bra bral dl 4 l c r r rj ene and Dd pIo j 11 P 1 1 of great value in making ri Y Yet t the ther i ii r i i nic 11 r t and a tb the faille fata fa I IJ 3 by microscopic 11 I I hive h v e been bee very numerous t j A vo 0 o main for t ir this thim j i 1 that I hit the tte t n and mirk l h by the t il microscope m are off I Ij n ritt and mAl uncertain Oa Oane ne me voas wa flon ion the file th lack of eC e em i m under ader t ther the glass Bias tea tet r t 1 exercise hie I 1 uti that were little 1 i Tbt Th second ond reason sn i 1 Cafe r e of the he L Tiis T 1 is s defect is Ic au aung ing rig ng akin to geometric 1 Iii fl i 1 0 T rIG a ai i f A AF I F Fui I JT ctt ill I II II IJ Ii II II Ii I i I i J I I i I FIG 4 very try high power is used the II pears peare ear to have neither depth J il m only float ia t expanse AO AOl o Q Qt l t I what W ha hat t He its It true shape hape The i d f 1 the high hl power lens are bed bad badin il 11 in ill the th e J pil photographs hs they when tt U is sought ought to toc toi i I L c uh for p PUT pOT pOTi rr J i r aper er or magazine flue i only ny th and meat It nt ItI pr I v notions o of the 0 1 i i tan an 1 presented p There f Is no DO 1 in iu of of e of t to o wm nn Ill i lh tM Pt ing 11 t pub W Wn n 1 tr Ir results r of J 11 tri r r j have han s m I t tO iRKs fuMi f iii the plates Itee It t even l ran avo t oi be bein beI I in s indart md too tIUI j t tte O Photography 1 h a scientific t in n ow W York rk has succeeded ee ed J 1 n i en d 1 photographs of ot pi lIe in which many o td il iu n s 11 in nf rs are art an d A certain tan h bar hae been teen en lost 11 t but round j the dIP result would aid be an no n enormous photographic negative All alQ gI e enlargements bt are made by tiu tt j jon on of ot this mis principle I Low Power Lens I Ito 7 bt explanation oe it st wUl 1 be to aU all even slight alight knowledge of tit tInt picture showing magnification OD of minute mi Uti objects Cr I readily t 4 taken with a 11 lens tene 6 of 0 i comparatively low power POW ere The chef hIe between protective tog toga rpy a sod gel ordinary enlargement dla t work 1 a ti to jn MW w k r ter dw te d dera era te Mr W t l by peel pas teg ln iA ti tty rays a gla gIa lUn ithe QT W negative Uve exactly otlY e as M they tiey a e aMun ad Mun d p the tI 1 kte in a mUlO lantern And sd thrown up on a plate or l paper PIPer In pro j photography the image of the object to be photographed is itself WI rown I If the object be transparent as l a ft section of ot 0 the pia pla anater the covering I If I of f 0 the t tb benor or r other transparent rent U U tia I Ie lu e the light may be passed pase l through t I Ibe it ft tn tO how its structure If the o Jot be opaque oPaque as an Insect the light is al 81 allowed lowed kw ed to t taIl fail upon it ft exactly as am in 01 or ori i photography The form forn of cant cam camera cantIn era In used virtually differs diere from thO or Gr ordinary camara cam ra only In being deeper d dtP et so el tim Uie ue plate may be farther re reo 1 ved Atom i i the thc lens Ien lensA IenA A fair f ir men of the t U different respite by microscopic and aDd Uv U e photography may bt obtained tr tile the ted of hint lun un tl ue accompanying tins this article The tar larger picture Is Ic I taken from irma f e photograph hoto the tM smatter from to a microscopic photograph P Both are made ma from the same fame section n of ti tie ti sue Net ot only ODly is 18 the tive photo photograph photograph graph laPIer but the detail and aDd depth revealed re are far more satisfactory It should be ad ed though that a LiVic Vic photograph pho of as great magot magDI aa am the other is quite possible But such a photograph would be al at almost most moat worthless worthies it would be ov tf n flat flatter ter and show lesa Jeg ten definition than ap ftp appears pears in the picture On the other oth hand hard the tion in th ITO p t i L LI LI LI Li I I I I i I I ry i l f I i Microscopic Photograph of Lung Ti Tissue ue photograph might be ii h creased without effect e vL O f much greater else may be photographically by projective the tive than by microscopic photography photography phy A photograph meg magr times has been b en taken of tile Uie toes of a mouse in ev ry de tall ever even to the of each hair hairis is clearly shown The Phe field of f the tens with which the mouses toes were tak taken taken en is almost a square quae inch at the dee Close range required and the toes might L f fI ft t I g 40 4 i I 4 i I 4 PHOTOGRAPH OP OF BUNG f T r irregular surfaces are ir lr as aa they really are and the hf made th a ahns ay itna hns y Be He evils calls hi hiM hI work The rind nd 8 s ha have ve long been L f but bat he het wens t to for f thIDA J F and like And Andi Tt 1 i to t his b plan H It is fa fac c will r in j m of US on ente and a the thel 1 l 1 ph mai maiI 1 I Al I understand Ins his method pro i y is i a modification modificationS 1 S I kd d in a reducing ana aim en enu enS S S u ra Ia TO those not DOt on S i 1 not H it may b bu be bet T hat u It the th same ua principle te Is em emi em emS Si S S i he hc no magic marna ant l li Sti i 5 are nv r more murr tbD r I in l ye YEt the I te r rIl T Im Ita Il ME s depends upon rite rile rheS S n tle the ut i t and the thel theS th thI S I ht l W n th lantern ft tl FItI ts and aw S S 5 1 The Th ra r 3 s of f light 4 W In n t S S he l a the hev d 1 b S arger o th rn S h 1 t L t tl the space s 1 1 n nth th lantern Janter W C Ce and 4 ei gc on of r I n th 1 t th ht PI PIl p pT pS T n S S l e screen a j r i h ve been enlarged MO times unU thu t r A AUy U Uy aa as 30 But A microscopic c lens Ien mag magnifying iCyl ily efly diameters cov coy covers cove coyer ers e er a field only of a square Inch tib in extent while a tees lens that will I magnify 1006 1008 times timea covers only about of a square quare I inch ch S JUi Low Power Fower Lenses JAnAS The diagrams will win make maD the tl difference between the tb th high waed and ud the low l w w power lens lena clear 1 Indicates te the tho passage of the theran rays ray h aa sn object photographed by a alow aloW alow low PO owe lena lev to the plate Figure 2 shows tnt path of the rae raya when a alens aloma lens loma bf f lIP gh power is used need The IM size ebe of ot the object and aDd of the image is assumed to be 1 the same ame in both aasen The im jm image age produced by the low power Slue clans will fl 1 mow lees lew detailed definition but greater lT tel or depth of while w t imago im thrown by the thet l t f nigh hip power Ower will tIl present pr nt more more definition but hut leSe lean depth of It Tho Th magnifying m gets the the expense t of depth or per pers perS lB S 1 jJ lit th tI other lens Ina I fitted in A J Ia allowing greater din li dineen s e een and ana wit via v pro produce duce luce s t while hUe the image wiil p e the plastic ity Ib t l tn tt mu b I aai ua J therefore tho lm rl r tl th t object far fa r rn m r y I IT T 1 a I little further n 1 15 l I 1 i a J ari fur 1 is IsS T f S S L r ure 3 S sho I 1 how bow tile the light rays would p pass from the b t to The a plate plat through a low lowi 10 i i pov PW p rr J o Only a email portion Of th Ill i hAvu hi in Itt tile the j i U 4 r Ut Wrt It WOUld ap p pear per as S a curved surface though with comparatively few details Figure 4 shows th the path of Df the light ray ra through a I high hl k power Iene lens In the figure gure ut ab lot 1 pe are an taken In i but out only a ayer T vetT T small nina part of t the pearl be he Phot though every minutest spec sp and flaw Raw would ba be bel clearly apparent a t and ed the picture would I apparently be of a perfectly flat stir sac face fee If this lens lena were wore focused ed surI on the axial point Dt of or the pearls pearl sur sir surface surface face fica a small circle would snow skow sharp sharply ly Jy If focused on ona a point further away awaya a ring rint would te bo defined since all aU the 1 hearer bearer and farther parts of the earl nerI would be either or behind the focal el f plane and hence benee so blurred as I not to be recognizable Any Anyone one look looking Ink ing 11 at a picture of a pearl taken ken t by hy I would suppose e he was at t the picture of a ring and the true appearance ap of the object i would be ba entirely loft bet Too The photograph Is s 6 of use only in studying surfaces the pores of the skin akin for instance or any object the that has bAs no thickness This will be plain from the statement that a lens tens magnifying 1000 OO times has a depth of of only of an Inch It will wID therefore show ROW an almost atmo t unappreciable amount This te it why meets when viewed under und undera ra a a microscope look ink like silhouettes B in insects Insects Insects sects should not be studied microscopically eop if a proper proPer perception of their true trUO appearance is desired By pro procuring procuring curing g a camera of extra depth and slightly stronger trong lens Jens then than Is common commonly ly 11 used u the comparatively unskilled i am amateur may produce magnified photo photograph graph of or insects and other small ob oh objects i that win Ii surprise e him Mm The time of exposure need not necessarily necos artly be j great geat On a 8 good bright day thirty seconds mounds ds la iJ generally sufficient for en ax results but of course connie dual experiment Is ia the best beat teacher T may find In tn projective pho a 8 long desired aid in the thet teaching t of or natural history physiology and 2nd chemistry ch CLIFTON HARBY LEVY |