Show I EXPERT INSTRUCTION INS TR ON ART AR T OF SWIMMING I Bk DL L DE B R HB Iu term is J used be T 1 I cause CRUSO It has come to be generally adopted but It should hould really have he heno no place in the vocabulary of swimming swim wlm swimming ming Tho The and crawl at t present the tho only ones on to 10 place under the Ule heading aro by no means mean purely rasing strokes They are good service serviceable serviceable able all aU round styles of ot marking tho the latest discoveries in tho to art of ot swimming and representing to tous tous us nothing more nor less lees 1 than did tho the breast stroke to swimmers of 0 a couple of ot centuries back The goal before students of ot the Ute stroke Is fa the finding of ot a set of ot move movements movements ments that will enable us to take ad advantage advantage vantage antage of or the forces forcee at our disposal and obtain without loss lose of or power the greatest g efficiency both in speed and endurance No stroke can be called successful until It has proved its su eu superiority superiority both In la I the sprinting printing and the tho distance This the and tho the crawl have kave accomplished Daniels used the crawl in establishing his hili wonder ful worlds record of SS 66 24 15 S seconds aee and Handy used It t all three times Umes he captured tho the tenmile ama championship of the Mississippi t river rl r Goodwin Good ln swam the In in breaking the record from the Battery Batter to Coney Con Island and many of ot pur our good sprinters still cling oling to it It Is III therefore evident that neither is I too loo exhausting even for tor the weakest man to adopt While It t Is III not cult to master the speed strokes an Instructor Is necessary Is possible but not quite satisfactory The Stroke The Tho is III a combination of ot a double overhand arm stroke with a II leg log drive known as II the tho kick The body b dy is flat tint on the water with arms extended along the surface above the tho head rand and nd logs legs straight and close together toes toe pointing pointing downward By B noting tho the position assumed by lung ere era for distance wilt the novice will w II see lIeo how ho tho the correct balance Is established In starting thO the stroke tho the body rolls gently so as to allow the tho mouth month to be bo brought above tho the surface for tor breath by a slight alight sideways twist of or the head bond Tho The arms arm work alternately 1 catching the tho water elbow up and hand slightly slightly bent down The power is applied APPU d from tho the very vary start and the tho pressure Is III not eased cued until the hand touches the thigh when the elbow is bent bOnt tho the arm raised above aboe and carried clear 0 of It 11 to the original position For the scissors kick tho loge legs are ar opened very ery slowly by moving the tho up per out or ono forward a 0 few fow Inches straight but with muscles musel relaxed and b bending ending the under one to a kneeling position Tn Thor They iT are snapped together with force farce until the to K h feet foet have vo Just passed paused other othel each h Correct breathing is an n essential feature ot of the n Alt All IB is Inhaled through Is the tho mouth whilo tho the upper arm fa t sweeping down and exhaled exhale while It at recovers One must hav ha taro caro to ako both ln In ko ke and output and slow long longhi In the UIO prEer proper timing ot of f the move hi f monte ments lies Ues the secret of or success In swimming tho The rhe upper arm goes gOeB first and one Inhales through out its Ita downward trend under arm as upper one Is I about to t 7 finish legs are oro opened as the upper arm is about down and they are aro swung together JUst before betor It roaches reaches the thigh It Is Ie to practise the dif ferent parts of ot the tho separately Learn T before att attempting the entire V stroke to breathe first by lying flat on th the water faco face aco down own and d getting used to Inhale by a twist of or the head then turning head down and exhaling under water g through tho the nostrils Next practise the kick alone and end with the tho arm movements When all three parts have been ben familiar r together run thorn thom In to going Ing very slowly without any attempt to make speed and paling close attention to form Embraces Embra I Several Strokes Stroke The name of crawl no longer stands for tor ono one particular stroke It 11 em cm braces several ramifications of the original which are sufficiently apart to each merit the tho classification el of type True the lines Unes of demarcation of these thello varieties aro are not yet et clearly drawn and It will take lake time to sep arata rato them completely complete sufficient but the tho salient points show sufficient dissimilarity to distinguish them and half a n dozen may ba he put down as typical t lul strokes stroke First to be mentioned is III the original crawl developed by Cavm Ca of Now New South Wales t ales and generally known kno rn I y r e t 1 r i f rt j I T j I y t gyp IA i g gt vt t e w t ii i s i t tr r M e Beginning at the top Champion Goodwin shows how breath is exhaled in trudge on by twist of neck Illustration Illustration tion of left arm catch in tho the American crawl by Goodwin Goodwin shows finish 1 of tho the American allaround d crawL Junior champion ch of south poses in Sullivans American crawl Australian ian crawl with bent elbow elDow movement t and wide alternate thrash of leg The picture on tho the left le t shows proper position for 1 r the American crawl in action and picture on right illustrates how breath is taken when sprinting with tho crawl or by twists of the head as S Australia It Is a affecting af affecting affecting a short reach and fast action and combined with a 0 down alternate thrash of ot the legs This thrash is timed so that tho right arm catches as the left leg smacks down on the water and vice versa Vf rea Ca Cavill Cavill vill viii copied the thrash tbt from the natives s of the South Sec Bed islands bland It is a 0 question whether one should class the Australians crawl among the successful strokes as It has never shown speed d over the distances owing to the tact fact fact that tho the timing liming of arm armand arms and legs le together causes a Cl decided check cheek as aa soon oon at as the movements are arc stowed slowed down It Is really only a n sprinting stroke The earliest departure from crawl was chronicled when the stroke was sas as introduced d here Our swimmers adopted It t from Incorrect Inc descriptions I and stumbled on a lucky lueky Improvement They lengthened tho the reach of ot the tho arms armIS and narrowed tho the scope of ot the thrash making the latter independent of the tho arms and continuous As a 0 conse conle consequence quence qun the American crawl not only proved roved effective over the tho distances but out found ready adaptability ad to the tho personal attributes of of 0 every Individual ual since e It t permitted the man of oS strong upper body to do moat most of or the tha propelling with his arms rm and the one of ot powerful limbs limbs to receive eive the the ful tull full benefit benefit from their drive thus thua giving set act of muscles a share hare of f be e I work proportionate to its Uti s II Third l 11 bf f of f CrI To Champion Daniels we owe owe we ta o e third phase of the crawl He lie 11 It u lId td both the Australian and na the tho Am Tl rl an n varieties and then derided decided t to ad their best features Having an ex cx extreme 11 flexibility of shoulder t 11 he ow wan rl ri ria a long reach and he took lu I it L b o e believed In the efficacy of s n s e timing of arms amine and legs St as d dt did fe e Australian and finding It un aU fis tory tort owing ewin to the slow action ct of It i arms he Introduced between n q 1 F V o 0 fluttering of ot the Ua foot toot cf 1 the ho American n crawl With this he te was wan successful until he l t tooer cover the tho furlongs when hen he h found o 0 ovide wide vide thrash was wa too punishing N v r rho he ho uses II the American Amerlean crawl era I bu btu o e ohad had meanwhile established e a i soh li 1 o rr Imitator that Is I still un aw swearing t I ILu tt stroke he modeled The fourth variety Is III a double e cyr if arm In which the legs lega Instead or of t f arx dri ing ng are left limp and trailing Introduced It and aDd won many a r f arv arvo p with It t The h stroke 1 IJ that thata a o on the principle held by y map that the tho thep advantage derived from the UtE kick kIrk is fJ en ea offset by b the recovery Harly lIm 31 found by experimenting that he hr was S faster when he ke use his MB Ic It lee s at atall atall atall all and several veral good swimmers fo fol followed lowed owed his Ideas The next step was CoacH Cou Sullivan of Chicago conceived tho the lira Uca of Of ot introducing Into Into the t American ere crawl a T very ry narrow scissors kick in time ind nd movement like that t of or the wit without out Interfering with wit the u thrash In seeing It performed ono mo hardly notices any ny change but a clo o observer will remark that every time tho the scissors kick comes In the tha body i takes a n little leap IMP forward forwards s Sullivan s pupils sprang Into sudden prominence e eby By tho the adoption of 01 this stroke T Ir 3 latest crawl Is Identical to the Au u trall n movement but Jut the right arm aTm t J timed with the right log lot Instead of 01 to t e eleft left and vice versa giving tho the body bedY bedYa a heavy and ugly roll roil The rs ra that this enables the swimmer wimm r fa to breathe on both aides eldes a II thing to wt wl ch t tho to late Kieran attributed his hIli r ful tul speed In the tho distances dl He lie inan ma n that constant oxygenation cf ct te re Je reV lungs lun held the secret of or endurance T V ore e stroke is of ef too recent ree nt adoption to O hajo have haio proved successful or otherwise In practicing the tho crawl ra 1 follow the In Instructions given for tor tho the Use ot or Speed Stroke And now wo we come Gome to tho the practical use of 01 tho the speed stroke In ex every cry youth pout of ot sound body tho first fe ft me m of proficiency awakens the to p pit his hili newfound skill against that of others other and a 1 racing man is born When tho the time comes let tho the aspirant place a on his enthusiasm To onto enter the field Imperfectly prepared i t ite tte te to handicap hand leap ones future chances MonT MonTa Man Mana a brilliant has hall been nipped n a athe the bud by for tor m mn n ar arsi ard J beys bays hardly able to swim Im yards fat fast without going to t pieces rush into com rsm competition m petition and never rise above medio mcd mediocrity o crity No one not able 10 to negotiate a fir r long Ion at a smart clip clap Is s qualified f tr r racing Let the candidate Indulge Ineasy In Ineasy easy euy stretches without attempting to o 0 speed until master of the tho stroke Ts will not only perfect his form but bur g gee He e him a clear olear Judgment of pace pact whirl whir in Is inthe the factor in racing and nd also enables him to determine he ho Is best fitted for sprinting or U d tanco tance work Specializing will oreo carne later In regard to training It will be f tend and that a regular life lIe with a mo ra e amount of or dally daily excretes plain fr rd f d abstinence from tobacco and Int Intoxicants and above all plenty of sleep SIP s u J give hotter better results In swimming than periods of or hysterical preparation 0 in la which excess of work and comp o in ones habits are sought And when the time comes fur for a c on i n te t let the novice remember that te way to make time Is to apportion one on s a strength In equal shares s ut tho the course COUDe Every sprint la In n a ra rare race o hurts ones chances for It Is the r 1 a 10 o that kills kill and that Is la s what Is mant by proper Judging of pace |