Show V 1 I T tb Pi ne rs 0 By Levi Edgar JT Young b Department of American Histo History University of Utah With aching hands and bleeding feet We Wedig dig and heap lay stone on stone We bear the burden and the heat Of that long day and wish done Not till the hours of light return All we have built do we discern Matthew Arnold DIG BIG IN PURPOSE was the march of the Mormon pioneers to the west One of the dramatic c and tragic movements in iii the history of America it has resulted in ill a commonwealth that takes lakes its p place lace industrially r socially mid uld intellectually all ally aIly among the foremost states of the Union The The history V of Utah i is a a. story story- of good homes where parents have b been eu just temperate erate and ll d l kind nd and where the children have been taught to create cre- cre create ate a healthy moral outlook on life Religion to the Mormon pioneers eI r S was a ra constructive force f. f direct directing rr t them hem in ill their work and affiliating itself r th the material pursuits of life as well as all the social forces in their history S tore Utah's 5 in industrial indus indus- us trial de development also aIs presents a 11 great object Continued on Paso Pago 3 s. Ti THE JE PIONEERS PIONEERS' OF UTAH Continued I from Cram first page Section 2 lesson leeson of oC thrift and Integrity to the I soul and R as a result a high t type pe of or demotic society has been developed a asocial asocial social social condition wherein p people ople direct their spiritual lives l cl and minds to the tho saIne moral ou religious ideals civic intellectual and In hi the spring of ot 1847 Winter Inter Quarters tens terR on the Missouri river was wan astir astr with wih the preparations of the thc first compan company com corn pany pan of oC emigrants to th the far west st st. Brigham Young was at the head of oC h his is people and with wih a picked company compan of ot 13 men three women and two children children chi chi- chil chil- dren he left leCt Winter inter Quarters In April Apri to locate lands for tor their new homes Brigham h m Young was wn a natural leader of oC men and a constructor of at an Idealistic idealIstic Ideal Ideal- social life lre Great personal force sincere f fearless arless and with firm trust trustin in God he lie was Jr great at In the perfect fitting and powerful ue use of ot practical m means n to tu practical ends Ills His company con com pan pany was wa well organized It was a aI I M. oil lI th l h I 1 n t u t p U P k vu UL ULder der his direction understood law and order and were ere obedient to them er E Everything of importance e was voted upon In a meeting of ot the entire entre company com corn pany pany-a pany pan pan-n a folk meet where all al gave their assent or opposition to measures that Involved In their life lre and welfare Evel Every morning at 5 the b bugle gle aw awakened l ened tho the camp All Al assembled for prayer ate their breakfast and at the call cal of oC the this second bugle the company compan began the tho march They traveled about tra eted twenty miles each dl day After supper and the thee e evening evening- prayer the brethren and sisters sisters sisters sis sis- gathered around the campfires and sang songs How nOW the words of oC William Cla Clayton ton the pioneer poet must have ha e thrilled them theta Come ft Mme me yc ye C Saints Saints Xo No o toll toil tol nor labor fear But with lh Joy wend end your our way a Though hard to you OU this journey ma may maya a appear p p car Strength shall be as a your our da day Observed d. d Every Sabbath da day was strict strictly ob ob- ob- ob served Sa Says s 's one of oC the com company pan in his Ills Journal Sunday unda May Ia 30 O. O The morning Is fair fairand fairand fairand and pleasant About 9 o'clock the bugle buglo was blown an and the brethren met Just south of tho camp for fOl prayer meeting Man Many of or them expressed their feelings and desires to live Ue upright and pure lives and to obe obey Gods God's commandments At 1 12 o'clock we all al met again and partook partook par pr- took of oC the tho sacrament There were peace and comfort In the camp and all allwell al well wel We Ve gathered for Ing en evening prayer at 7 i and after singing a a. few hymns we retired for the night At the beginning of their Journey the they came In contact with the Pawnee Pawnee Indians whose folklore and songs have been recently collected by American Amerlean Amer Amer- lean ican ethnologists How appropriate wits was their song to the march of oC the tho pioneers Mountains loom upon tho the path wo we take Yonder peak rises sharp and clear B Behold hold lifted It I stands with wih its Is head up uplifted uplifted up- up Thither go we since our path lies le there there Mountains loom upon tha path path we e take Yonder peak rises sh sharp rp and clear Behold We climb Drawing near Its Is summit Steeper grows the way a and slower loer our step Mountains loom upon the path we e take Yonder pea peak Is sharp and clear Behold us now no on its Is peak uplifted Planting there our feet teel we stand se- se eire o M Mountains loom upon upon the path we e take Yonder peak rises sharp and clear Behold us now on its head uplifted Resting there at last hut we iss sing sins our 5 song song 0 TI g. g The first expedition of ot Mormon colonists colonist to the west might be truthfully truthfully truth truth- fully called a scientific expedition The fauna fauna and flora fora alon the route were noted and all aJ special plants and animals animals ani ani- mals described For example In William Wil Wil- 1 I liam Ian Clayton's Claytons ayton Jou Journal nal we e find for JUI July 17 11 the following I Xe Yew New Thistle I Found John Nixon Ixon found and brought to camp a aery very ery singular kind of thistle which I have ha e never neve seen before nor nOl recollect of or reading of ot the like Je J.e. He found it I in the low land near the camp and says there arc man many n any more like it I. I It I is a a great groat curiosity and worthy of description The stem Item Is four our feet lon hon j. j one Inch wide and about bout a quarter quartet of oC an Inch thick It Is formed o of a double leaf lear or case and anti when hen broken broleen Is I hollow It I is or- or b by narrow leaves from four to six six inches lon long the sides thickly set ot with lh prickles prIckle from the bottom botton to the top The top resembles a a. a crown formed formel b by the same kind of prickly leaves The entire resembles a snake coiled colled round and round the crown rown as S If I to protect the thc flower oer seemingly growing from the tIme head o of the reptile which lies les In the tho hollow of the crown as iS If I to protect the plant from foes Tn ni Mr Claytons Clayton's Journal we find him visiting a number of or old Indian villages vii vil vl- vl laGe lages hages along the route and making making a minute ute description of oC thorn them On the tho of at April Apri he tells about an old Pawnee Pane camp and amid made the acquaintance tance Lance of or a number of or chiefs who toM toll him about the foU folklore lore of their people B By fly means of oC a distances distances dis dis- were carefully recorded and de detailed detailed de- de tailed descriptions of ot rivers and streams written We even find finch r references references ref ref- f- f to tu th the conditions of ot the soil and time the amount of at rainfall during each cach storm Latitude In Is Marked I Lon Longitude and latitude were careful carefully carefully care care- ful fully recorded record cd every ery da day by Or Orson on Pratt Prat who was known aa as af the scientist of ot the Sn Says Wiford Woodruff Woodruff Wood Wood- ruff In Iii hl lila his Journal for or April Apri J 19 9 Professor Pratt took toole an observation observation tion and found the latitude to be bl 41 4 degrees 2 27 minutes and 5 i seconds The delree anc point of or observation was as on th the north a. a t h. h ni PI f n n n p h 1 f Vi V. lilt i vt ltd miles mies from flom where the saints had crossed crossel the river riverA A A fine tIne t typo pe of ethical society ty was vas that Mormon company compan company The They had hd broad conceptions of oC lifes life's Ife's meaning and were vere splendid exam examples phea of or high high- minded men and women There Timers was a n deell- deell seated deep feeling and knowledge Imo Inthe in inthe inthe the hearts of all nl that they were cre the bearers of or Christs Christ's religion lon to the world This had a A wonderfully stimulating stirn- stirn effect upon their actions And who can cnn gainsay the tho fact tact tHat it is religion the belief bele In God Goc and Ills Ils hol holy word wont that gives to people leOPle the highest lt moral conception of r life It I Is after of oC the tho hu human human human hu- hu I all al the secret t man heart that create the dally daily al life o of ofer ever every er person Tt It I In Is II th s purifying thought though t of or the day ilay that gives Ie us 1 our outlook upon life IHo It I Is our simple faith In cleanliness and antI goodness s In Insincerity Insincerity 1 sincerity and love o e that gives each ach da daUs day dayis Us Its is richness anti and spiritual splendor I Note the the simplicity and faith In th the th following taken at random from a 1 number of oC the old Journals journal of that da day Says Sas Wilford Woodruff In writing writing writ writ- I ing In about about the Sabbath da day May Ia 30 10 nl In Is I Received d. d lit In the morning I shaved cleansed 0 my bod body put on clean clothing etc read a chapter In the tIme Book of or Mormon humbled ms m's myself l before the Ue Lord and I poured out my soul In prayer before I Him and His 1115 Il spirit descended upon mo mno nail and I 1 was blessed blese and prepared for forthe forthe forthe the service of the thc day da In n June the thE pioneer company reached I the Black Back Hills and Fort Laramie From there thc they followed the Oregon OreGon trail trai a branch of or of which led to Fort er Along this part of oC the route c especially Brigham Young heard much about the valley valey o of he the bc Great Grea Salt Sal Lake lake from fron the trappers and explorers but alt all their reports were moi more o or less dis- dis It h 1 Inner ti hn nn n P. P ed d- d as th the tho ono o place i I In th- th the temperate p te I region of ot North America as worthless where only grease greasewood and sage ajo- sagebrush faKO- faKO brush hrush could grow and where the rattlesnake rattlesnake rattle rattle- ratte- ratte he I snake and wolf repelled the frontiersman frontiers frontiers- man The Indians declared that the Great Spirit had sent Bent a blight over o the theland theland lan land ot of the wars of oC their fa fn- fn therA And had not MaJ Stephen A. A I Long written In hi his hiI Journal in iii ISO 1820 that This land Is almost wholly unfit I for cultivation and or of course courso able by a people depending upon agriculture agri agri- I culture for their subsistence Notwithstanding Notwithstanding Not Not- ot- ot withstanding Ins all al that was said the plo- plo I j pushed on through Echo cnn canyon on 1 I and finally through Emigration canyon to the time valley of th the thc Great Salt Lake As s Brigham Young looked upon the desert C ert waste he ho exclaimed This Is the place nal Wilford Woodruff says In his Journal journal journal Jour jour- I We e with wonder and a I lon tion upon the vast vast vEst fertile ferte valley alIey spread out before U it us for fOI about holt h miles In I i n length and d sixteen I Ite t e miles li s i In n m width clothed with wih a a hen heavy V garment of e vege- vege e- e I atlon tation and aud In the midst of oC which glistened glistened glist glist- 1st- 1st ened the tho wat waters rs of ot Salt lake with mountains all al around to towering ering to the ho skies RIdes and streams rivulets and creeks of oC pure water running through the he beautiful A valley alley Colonists Colonl of High Grade Utah tah was fortunate in Iii the character of oC f her colonists They carried with wIh them hem h into to the time wilderness the Idea of oC home ome e buildIng the church the tho school and amid nd the state as well as high conceptions concep- concep ton lons of economic and civic life in general They had in mind the foundIng found- found Ing ng of a commonwealth based upon industry religion and learning Men and nd women of strong convictions they the I found In this new a large field Celd for tor the development of ot their na naive natIe nathe na- na tIe the ability The undeveloped eloped land appealed ap- ap pealed caled inspiring them with ith self-re- self J lance hiance nce and nd resourcefulness Necessity spurred purred them then to a constant activity for or the they were total totally dependent dependent upon the he products of the soil soi to which the they were compelled to adapt themselves The They had emigrated d from a country I where the rainfall Is tort forty Inches a aye ye year ear I In Iri n the thc a arid ld wa waste te of or the Wa- Wa a it mt was only ten Inches While the geographical features de- de re- re ver very ery largely largel their industrial social and Intellectual Institutions their heir ideals ot of life and Itt Il meaning gave Iril virility and force torce to the differ eat ent nt elements of Gf 0 their organized Iclet- Iclet At Vt once the question of oC raising foodstuffs food food- queston raisin stuffs tuffs on lands wa was the thc Important one Now ow began the time reclamation of ot this arid country which wa to grow into a great commonwealth The work wa a to o be done done not b by a single company but b by a. a n people under tinder the tho direction of oC ofa oCa a ma master ter mind Brigham Young Youns QuotIng Quoting Ing ng- ng the thc Journal of William Wilam Clayton Claton lie he ic sa says f concerning th the first da days a of Irrigation and plowing Encouraged Friday July Jul 23 This This morning the this camp moved mO on to the final location Wo Yo traveled tra eed two tO miles mies and then formed our encampment on on tho the banks bans s of or the tIme creek in an oblong circle The soil oi oll looks Indeed rich black and a a. little sand sandy jandy The grass ras is about four feet high ligh arid and andery er very ery thick and well mixed Q Cn aa l wol i. i nn r a i formed ormed r ed a meeting eel i was as called and th this the brethren n addressed b by Elder Eider Richards mostly on the necessity and propriety of or working faithfully and diligently to get set potatoes turnips etc in imi the ground round At the opening of f the meet meet- lag ng the brethren united in pra prayer er and asked the Lord to send fend rain on the theland land and The Time brethren Immediately rigged three plows and went to plowing Another Another Another An An- I other party part went with wih spades to make a a dam In one of the creeks so 10 as to I obtain the water at pleasure fox foI the I f field designing to Irrl Irrigate tho the land should it I not rain This land hand Is beau- beau situated for irrigating there being eln many beautiful streams descending descending descend descend- In ing from front the mountains which can be turned In ever every direction I In the evening it I rained for tor two I hours hour Continuing Mr Ir Cla Clayton ton says I It The brethren r have plowed e J con con- o t erh a u up 1 uIO tana ana CI several eru c 01 OL their pi plows o S 'S but there have been going three plows nearl nearly all al da day Saturday July 21 The The plowing Is I renewed and amid man many have gone one to planting plantIng planting plant plant- ing potatoes There seems to be an nn unanimous opinion about the richness of ot the soil soi Within a week weel sonic some thirty five t e acres had been plowed and amid planted im in buckwheat t. t potatoes and corn In fact tact b by th tha end of the second Saturday nl |