| Show S LS SELECTION EL E C N AND A N D MATING M AT I N 6 OF POULTRY P I t I A 1 no u 1 i F Type Birds to Choose and Method Quality of Seasons Season's Crop Depends Depends Depends De De- De- De Largely on Care Taken Tak Tak- en by the in Filling His Breeding Pens STONEBURN GIVES SOME FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES Should Choose Individuals of off f H Health alth Vitality and Proper Propel f. f Vigor of Constitution to 1 Achieve the Best Results I BY PROF PROP FREDERIC H IL STONE- STONE BURN I C ht il 1913 by to- Th Co The quality or ot the tho seasons season's crop of QC chickens el depends s In measure Incas ineas- J a ure ure on the car caro the ex- ex K when up h his hR pens pen of oC breeders The old oi that ha t a a. I stream tr am rises rIss no higner than Its lis source applies here hero However r r application of n a little power to rai raise c th the water to a higher high high- er or r le level I and In breeding poultry the proper gelf selection of or Individuals possessing proper c characteristics often otten supplies lIes top power which will the quality of ot the thc re- re suiting milting flock of youngsters Professor sets Ets down herewith th the fundamental 1 principle I pies of poultry breeding lh the characteristics char char- to ac oc s and tho those e eto to be bp avoided th the methods of oC flatin mating mat flat in ing Int and other I Important matters which th tho th thoughtful will tI I do well ell to consider He Tie esp especially emphasizes the necessity necessity ne nl ne- ne ce of If using In Iii the breeding I pen only such fluch individuals as at pos- pos I f R 3 g the proper vigor of or tion the h health and vitality which r arc o u essential e and which are too often overlooked or IH neglected The Willo e 1 a Aarl variety ty T recently Introduced d Into America m to b he bl a attracting tl rac much iUn t lion tion a at this timo Good strings s of ot th these e birds were el exhibited at nt the lending poultry shows durin the thep p winter and ond th the admirers r. r of oC 1 general purpose owls fowls are rapidly taking th then them m up UI The hr breeder e t t. t Wh leo Faverolles Faverolles Faver- Faver olles claim ch they thc are arp great groat ro t lan layers r of ot tinted eggs and In addition are fine table lK Also Aio that th they are hard hardy and nd easily reared t Mr Ir Graham m presents a 11 drawing of or Ideal specimens of ot this variety rl l' l j i A T s season n on of or the year real poultry- poultry i A s I-s AT men are hlf lly engaged ed in select sel ing Ins their breeding bIrds and mitt mut- r Ins ing ip j J their p pens nR The Che rh careful breeder J t Is 11 forehanded In this He Ho has hns bc beti wat the development of h h. h hock studying the thi of or the various Individual mid and has hul long Ions c known 1 wh whit what il bh birds birde he lie will u uce e In hi hh breeding flock this year Yeat Unfortunately tel the great majority of or leper Ur leave all of or this work until the thC time timo fur for mating ha lia arrived arri J JI I lU il L 1 Y tV together r nod and hopi hope for Cor i h IK b h st Thi method Ft Idom brings s th thi mont tUNI satis- satis results Some KOOI chicks will willbe willbe be produced hu but hocks flocks oJ jf f hit high quality aid I and d that Is what c r art secured only by adopting th the thc more mor car careful ful method Tb The selection of tho the breeders should really bp begin ln at the t time m 0 or of hatching and the ti process of oC of or in- in Individuals should IC continual right up p to the time lime th lr brooding pens peni are an mated tell up III This t boi i r Jn work doc t to tl details but bill It pl pay payS fC YI Vigor or of oC constitution strength Ual i-Ual- It lu vim vim are arC the tho m most mat t il charn char- char n tf of ot gOOI breeding bird Anti And th the th first tight to t tn tIn n w weeks eJ i or of a l chicks chick's life Ute afford the best hest index to It Its strength Remember this plan pIn to tow w ed d out the tue wC I this seu SNo ui on SHOULD ni UI I First discard the weak deformed chicks at time of oC hatching Either kill 1111 them t ly or el elso m rk tl them m JH permanently l so si rl that they will ie e t t. t market If tI they v survive f until they the reath a i sl c This fins marking may bo lie done llone h the thim first joint of ot on one tl to- to This causes hut slight Alight t pain and cud cuch marks will tilI not flut become ob obscured curc During the growing ro period mark every pr chick which tails lulls tf to t 1 oven on arid and satisfactory de development development develop develop- ment all that so seem scent em In t h least hAst stunted stunted stunt stunt- ed ar are sick Riel nt ot nil any tl-no tl or r feather ea This le leaves n s for Cor future use tho-iu tho Individuals which make maJe oven rapid growth are lU and qui put on omi ona omia II IIa a good coat coal of at C Anti And these T. T in turn turn stamp their offspring wll with h the te same tn characteristics r ar ir 1 ie to fancier Cancler and I poultry poultry- titan alike Stated in a a. tow few wolds every pry breeder should him aim at producing the health type This was abl ably discussed sed recently b by Dr Woods who says sas I For Fol all nil practical purposes the type tp of or health and nd strength and the type cr weakness or of lacking bodil bodily vigor Igor are arc easily differentiated Do not mistake k he time nervous tr energy of clo cl bred thoroughbreds for an Indication or of vigor Igor This ma may be simply the mettlesome mettlesome met met- spirit of the thoroughbred el and alone Is of no great Ireat value alue as a guide g to o health combined with satisfactory I phYsical qualities it is a desirable asset Mi I i AM LK LI iti iii- ci Always bear hear In mind that lh the tunic male bird for all practical purposes half halt halff halfor or f the flock The male should be a fully matured well velI developed specimen neither too young oun nor too old Male birds from front 12 months to 2 years ears old I make the best hrC breeders He lie should hould b be bethe bethe II I the son somi on of sound health healthy parents awl anti should wo so far tar as nA possible Inherit from I them the qualities which are desired for tor chicks of oC his get He lie should be particularly strong tron In all ponts of or physical vigor Igor and standard require m ments where his lila mates show how any an trace of weakness s Have him aa as nearly perfect in standard shape n as possible and of m medium lum size and weight for time the variety ariet Too hea heavy males male often nten se seriously St se- injure thir th-Ir mates mate and are arc not miot desirable In th the tho breeding pen v The head should be bo large e broad and I of oC good shape well teil carried The eye e should be bright round and till full with Ith no Irregularities In shape shapo o of pupil The comb face and wattles should hould h he h a a. a good healthy hl color neither too pale nor too dark The rhe beak should be rather short hort tout stout anti and set Ht well weB at nt time tile base bas The long bug flattened beak of or headed crow birds or 01 the ml misshapen J cn hawk bill are almost certain signs ns or of physical w weakness The neck should he be of medium Jen length th for tor the time variety arlet and rather full the long long- thin Ecla scrawny y neck goes with the crow FL FUssY SP nERDS DI nisi SI I The IJo body r should b be well filled out and carried In the Ole up set manner manlier I Indicative of or a well ordered system tem of or nutrition a a good digestion The Time plumage plumage plu plu- mage should be bo bright ht lustrous and carried rather closely for Cor the variety Iop loosely feathered birds with dull plumage amt ami a listless dont don't- for care manner are too short on health to be of ot value as breeding stock The le legs be medium short for forth forthe forthe th the variety arlet strong rather large lare boned and set well apart The rime keel eel bone should be firm and straight There Thero should be no deformities Leggy bg- bg birds knock kneed and ith r crooked breast broast bones Jones are always lackIn lackIng lackIng lack- lack In Ing In ph physical vigor gor even een It If It IL hoes docs not show ho hoon on the surface The male should hould be attentive and fl t 1 J 4 J r f 1 i. i m hL c ly i b cS I II S 'S r I r r t j i I t l 4 I. I iI I I II I II I r c m. WHITE FAVEROLLES I The rime is n a product of the tho French utility poultry farmer It combines heavy laying hying qualities with adaptability for producing in in succession broilers and hut tho best bett of full roasters and market poultry Time The White Whito is one of the most recent to be introduced to American breeders Its pure white plumage m ke a pleasing contrast to its brilliant red comb face and amid wattles It has five toes and feathers on the legs somewhat like a Brahma timid and its beard gives it an odd appearance The males weigh from six six and n a half to eight pounds females female five to seven pounds each Faverolles give good results when kept in iii confinement The hens ate are docile great layers of large tinted eggs and will become broody sit pit hatch and rear chicks gallant to his mates should have a clear IU lusty t crow fr free e front from rom an any rattle at tho the end He Ife should be bc sound Found in wind and able to tight fight or run shortness of ot breath or livid appearance o of face and combA comb mbA mb A A good Bood breeder will have a 1 good appetite and will usual usually be of or a n scrappy dl disposition dl disposed to resent any Interference with his mates b by other fowls rowl or by In- Inthe the attendant tt t. t Th The Cem female l should he be a well well- grown well rown well developed fully matured pullet or lr sound and h yearling or 2 year old The Time health type hpe will he be ar- ar 11 tiye lye alert and inclined to be talkative singing cheerfully and disposed to scratch and fora forage e She Is usually the first oft off the roost In the time morning and the last net to go to bed bel at night Head eye CC con condition of plumage c and leg leK re requirements re re- aro are virtually the same sante a as called for under tinder choosing the male making title due allowances for tor sex Goon GOOD BIRDS EThe E. E The Tho body should be hp broad deep well filled out and medium largo large for forthe forthe forthe the arlet variety The breast should hould bo be broad full and well the back should b be broad and the tall tail well spread at Rt the base basc bases bases' s' s Wry n tails tallA crooked hacks backs or keels or pinched tails should disqualify disqualify dis dis- qualify for tor the time breeding pen Tho The abdomen ab ab- ab- ab domen should be well carried and rather father full tull but should not bag baS down II Fortunate Indeed Is IE the tho poultry breeder who possesses a n goodly l flock fiock of oC birds of or this kind lelnd Such a flock Is worth money because It throws a I good proportion of chicks of the Iho same name kind and these are aro profitable In lit order I to build up such a flock lock It is only necessary to watch the development de nt of ot the chicks throw out those which show shio honn nn any ammy In indication of weakness and then use for Cor breeding purposes only onto such as meet the requirements outlined outlined out out- lined d above e It ma may be necessary mr to tomake tomake tomake make a start with a few tew birds but each year ear the proportion of ot goo good ones Increases and In a surprisingly short tIm the the- flock will av average high In quality When hen this point Is reached the profits will correspondingly corresponding In Increase Increase increase In- In crease because the eggs will run more fertile will hatch better the chicks will live and make rapid growth th time the pullets pullet will wIli lay better bettel an and there will willbe willbe be he less leRs sickness nes and fewer deaths among amon old and young Much uch stress has been laid Inlet upon this point of ot I vigor or of oC constitution but It deserves e the greatest emphasis It Is vital and fundamental XO NC 0 SET It HULK n IS I The breeding Potts pens should be he mated up tip at least two weeks week before tho the eggs I are saved for tor hatching If It con conditions are arc rl right ht fertility will run high I Inthis in inthis this time Most breeders prefer to use 0 young oun males male cockerels cockerel with hens liens an and old males cocks with tho the pullets pullet No Xo set rule can bo be given as to the tho relative e proportion of ot males and fe to- to males maleR Everything depends upon upen tho the vI vigor OI of or tho the individuals Tho The usua practice Is to mate the following number number num num- ber of or females to one male malo Cochins Brahma Z G to S Plymouth Rocks flocks Wyandotte Rhode Island Reds Bed S to 12 Leghorns Ancona 10 10 to 15 IS The writer once as is an experiment mated one vigorous Minorca cockerel to thirty females and got a a. high percentage of or fertile eggs and amid good hatches Some years ears ago fanciers resorted to Individual ual one male and one I female This Involved cd much labor and th the fee feeding of or a u large largo number of oC males I The Time same end Is now attained hy by the theu u use o of or the time trap nest In iii larger flocks as the eggs s from each ln layer el are arc secured d separately and It Is thus tItus possible to know th the exact pal parentage of or each chick batched It Is n a good plan plait to use this appliance especially especial when attempting attempting- to establish a n good gool strain It will be found that certain hens la lay eggs which are er very ery fertile an and hatch well ell Oth Others eggs low In fertility and anel hatchabIlity Tho Time latter may be dl discarded carded and loss proven en prevented te ted Commercial commonly mate up UI th l breeding stock In largo large flocks Using two or more males as re required re- re If Ie these males have lmae been I brought up to together ether there will be bu but little fI fighting but hut strangers will battle until the time question of supremacy Is t fully I established The Time beaten bird will sill be o of little use In that pen In the time future In order to overcome this thill the practice o uC of uCa a alternating tI ng- ng males I Is practiced A room roomy coop is i provided ed In which one ona male I ii k kept pt while th time tha other Is running running- with the time flock The They are alternated ever clr every everyday da day or aI two time the change chang being made a at night after atler the flock nock has gone ono to roost MATING TI I. G FOIl SHOW This practice is IH har hardly ly advisable where her flocks lock are re mated up UI with a view few to producing exhibition stock Coder such conditions small pens are pr r rable r- r able Fanciers ot of certain va varieties va- va often otten resort to double double- using one pen pon for the production of oC ex eX- eX colored males nn and another lr to produce the females Take the time Barred Harred Plymouth Rock as ag an example In th the I show pen males male and females R should b be alike In color but when exhibition n colore colored colored col col- ore ored birds s are arc hired bred together the time tendency ton ten dency of the male mate chicks I la is to come com lighter In shade hade and th time the females darker arker For the production of or shot cockerels an exhibition colored male Is mot mated to females of a darker shade thus In Intensifying In- In the color of oC the the- resulting ig males The rime pullets from Crom such fluch a a. pen arc are too dark ark for show purposes purpose The a accepted mating to produce exhibition pullets IB Is the reverse ro of or this The fhe breeding females are of or exhibition col color r and the time male mt bird Is 15 much lI lIghter r ht in shade From this mating the pullets should be |
