Show PREPARING PULLETS FORE FOR E AUTUMN EGG PRODUCTION r- r L Success Successful ui Management j 4 Means Comfortable Living n Quarters carters and Proper Feed Feed- ing Discussion o of the Relative ill Merits of Grain Rations and Animal Foods 1 fl nY n. n NORMAN Former Ily pert for tor the United a Department of Agriculture It Is 15 recognized recognised that make m better botter layers than hens But pullets do not always begin to Lay y in the tho fall tall when o eggs s are arc scarce co and high in price Probably It Is b causo they are BIO not hatched sufficiently sufficiently suf suf- early carly or they were not proper properly managed Tho purpose of oC this article Is to tell how pullet i mn may bo fitted for tor fall and winter laying J GG laying In late tan fan nod and early EGG winter la Is not In accordance with natural law BW Fowls arts arc domesticated wild birds The natural period lod for or layIng layIng lay lay- Ing InC Is during daring spring spring- and early summer Therefore to get eggs from In winter It Is la n necessary to vo growIng growing grow STOw ing thicken chickens special taro caro and md atten atten- tion Tho first essential to success Is la to I keep the tho young birds bird growing steadily The Tho pullets should be separated from the cockerels when about three months old When four months month of ot age the pullets should be growing Into promIsing promising prom prom- At this tho should ising layers age ase they thoy bo ho given ever every opportunity to mature naturally But Dat It Is 18 a mistake to force orce pullets too rapidly Such a practice may produce a few tew more eggs egg's at tho start but It will usually result In disappointment dis dis- ls- ls appointment The pullets may moult In that case egg production In winter will cease CC Or the tho pullets will not reach normal norm size when they begin tolay to tola tolay la lay In that case so tho the eggs will probably probably ably be bo small email In size By no means muns force pullets by overfeeding with such high animal protein feeds aa as ground and bone bonc meat scraps craps fish scraps or skim milk They need small email amounts of or animal animal animal ani ani- mal protein for tor proper growth s and normal es egg production but overfeeding overfeeding overfeed overfeed- ing Is fatal to success To bo be properly fitted for laying brin a pullet should be In full tan flesh with wilb a 1 small sm amount oo o of surplus fat tat The Tho latter latter lat lat- ter Is required to maintain tho the normal body tody heat AS cold weather comes on Body Dody heat Is constantly being ln radiated and tho the supply must be bo kept up by means of or fat tat To produce a proper amount of fat growing pullets must mast be beted fed ted a balanced ration How to do this successfully Is ono one of at the the- problems of or poultry raising raisin Advantage of Penning Pennine Pullets t tIt It Is good practice pr to pen pullets pallets by themselves when b being being- ln fitted for winter winter win win- ter e egg laying Tho The pons pens should be bo f prepared as ns early in the fall taU as M pos pos- sible The They should bo be properly cleaned and J It thoroughly disinfected If U p possible ruck Ich f ich pen sHould have havo a good size yard and ami have o roosting quarters I Tn ren en dust dast bath and nesting places rh These hese se T Should Jd all air be under UDder cover er well lighted an and dr dry and well ventilated Cleanliness an and roominess tend to keep rowing growing pullets healthy and vigorous and both hoth are arc essential to successful egg production Another advantage of ot penning pullets put pul lets Jets by hy themselves Is to provide for tor normal development It Is not always alwaY'S cas easy to do this successfully All An poultry poultry- tee feeds s contain different combinations of ot water protein starches fats fals end d mineral salts s These elements are b by chickens for tor their growth It ItIs ItIs ItIs Is very Important however to provide feeds teeds in sufficient quantity and va variety variety va- va to allow for tor org organic wastes an and normal development To this end It Is Isa Isa isa a a good plan to provide certain feeds in hoppers that growing pullets may help In balancing their own o rations Guarding Against J Illness But feeding land and housing are aro not tho the only precautions nC necessary for fitting pullets to la lay successfully It Ls LI not wise to let Jet pullets run at large In wet V gras grass or weed or-weed weed during the fall months Jf If the under feathers about bout the tho abdomen abdo- abdo men get et wet wet tho the pullets soon have ve a bedraggled appearance If the abdomen abdomen abdo abdo- men gets wet and is chilled by the raw fall faU winds bowel trouble or other local ailment Is likely to arise While Whilo sickness s ot or this nature Is not apt to provo prove fatal tatal It affects the vigor of the pullets Their health is Ie likely to become become be bo- come como more or l less leas s UD undermined and this will wUl delay or prevent their their- laying laying- This condition should certainly bo be avoided If tf ono one tz Is striving for tor profitable profit profit- ablo able winter e egg production If It pallets are kept ot off the the- wet grass and long weeds they keep themselves neat clean and healthy Under th these e conditions punts are nrc fitted tilted for either egg egg- production or exhibition pUr purposes Oses If the tho latter Is the object of oe tho poultry k keeper per they need no artificial preparation preparation for exhibition by washing and flouring But whatever the tho object the tho rules for Cor the care car and management of ot pullets ts hero here outlined will be bo found round very helpfuL To give sive their feathers nS a a smooth and glossy lossy appearance a little oil meal should be fed ted occasionally During the fall taU and winter egg production production production pro pro- depends depe largely upon successful success success- su successful ful methods of oC fec feeding If It pullets are arc pen penned ed by themselves where they can maintain their activity by being fed fed plenty of oC nourishing food tho problem of at winter egg es production Is more mono than half hat solved An outline of ot good feeding feed tc-cd- lug ing practice is as follows As tal fall comes comas on and the pullets arc are Inclined to stay In their quarters quarteTS throw a n. small quantity of at scratch feed teed in their pens the first thing in the tho morn- morn Ing InC This keeps them active Such a apen apen pen should bo be supplied with with- about four tour or six inches of litter Utter Equal parts ts of ot straw hay and leaves make a good scratching material The Tho pep pen should bo be dry and well wen lighted The object Isto is isto isto to give tho the a chance to act as ns nature dictates It is as lS natural for tor them to scratch as it is to cat eat and d for tor successful ego egg production the poultry poultry- man cannot Imitate natural conditions too closely Every grain tho the pullets get el should bethe bo be bothe bothe the result of oC their activity which Is la possible If Jf the grain In is thrown Into deep litter Utter This keeps them occupied no matter what the weather may bo be If It active pullets are arc thus made to work for their grain there will win be little danger dan dan- danger ger Gr of over Moreover If such rations are arc not properly balanced the pullets can cat eat more mora corn com and other fattening grains without Interrupting their normal development A good brood scratching pen n thus becomes a valuable adjunct to successful feedIng feed feed- leg Ing The energy expended In scratchIng scratching scratching scratch scratch- ing for tor tho the grain twin hel helps to keep the healthy and experience has I demonstrated that the tho active and healthy pullets make the tho bc best t. t layers J In addition to grain the pullets should be bo aa supplied with plenty of green f feed fresh water w charcoal oyster shell and grit These may nuy be supplied in self self- feeding hoppers Complete Grain Ration nation For pullets about to lay no poultry- poultry man should bo be without such standard grains as ts corn corn wheat and oats Other necessary feeds are arc moat meat scraps or meat ment meal mcl bran corn meal al and ground oats A good commercial scratch feed is essential because It furnishes fur tur- furnishes a n variety of ot grains g at nt a fair price e. e The Tho keeper of oC a few fowls or a l small flock Clock will find it as cheap to use scratch feed as to attempt to mix ones one's own rations As a 3 rule scratch feeds lewa are are- scientifically scientifically prepared The object is to supply supply supply sup sup- ply a a. balanced grain ration They are valuable for tor meeting the organic de demands demands de- de mands m. of oC laying fowls A good scratch feed usually contains cracked corn wheat oats otts barley buckwheat sunflower seed and oven even other sr grains These Thes are all alJ needed by layers They form tonn a n. complete completo grain ration since they contain tho the proper proportions of oC protein carbohydrates Ca and fats they provide for body wastes normal growth complete development and egg formation Recent ent tests by by- bytho tho the United States department of ot agriculture show that fowls given certain feeds selected 63 3 per cent of or cornmeal 20 0 O per cent of oC b beef ef scraps and 17 11 per c cent nt of oC bran and Such a a. ration consists of oC tho essential food tood elements clements of oC protein carbohydrates and fats faw Pullets mast must havo have all aU three forms of oC food tood BU sut sun sun- st. nc stances s. s If supplied with the necessary foods feeds fowls will usually balance their own 11 rations Besides grain natural foods for tor fowls are grubs STUbs insects worms and other things found foun In the fields Under domestic conditions these things cannot J be e supplied Some form torm of ot animal animal animal ani ani- mal protein must take tho the place of natural insect food Consequently growing pullets need fresh ground bone bono meat scrap fish scrap or skim milk for gP f egg production I J Ir- Ir If such h materials J. J r s- s are kept before pullets they will wUl usually oat eat t only sufficient sufficient sufficient suf suf- for tor normal needs Experiments by tho the Indiana experiment station have base shown that laying J pullets must have animal protein In some BOm form torm to to produce eggs profitably IY Thus four tour pens of oC pullets were fed precisely the same grain ration but one pen received meat scrap In addition ono one fish scrap and andone andone one ono skim milk ml lie The other pen re received received re- re tho the grain brain ration only In one year each cach pullet of ot tho the pen fed meat scrap laid eggs the pullets fed ted fish scrap laid 18 eggs each those fed skim milk laid eggs each while whilo the tho pullets pallets which were fed onlY grain laid an average of at 3 32 33 eggs CIs The Tho profit from the tho pen fed ted meat ment scrap was L 5 per pullet that from the tho P pen n fed tell fish scrap per pullet pullet pul pul- let and from the tho pen fed ted skim milk I lG per pullet The pen that was not fed ted any tny animal protein was kept at a loss Ue Vile of ot Surplus Ener Energy Probably blY no hard and fast rule rulo can be bo laid down for tor balancing a n ration for tor laying lanG pulle pullets But Dut such a ration mUon is Ia ry for tor the tho production of at surplus surplus sur sur- plus pius energy y for Cor cg egg formation In late fall taU and early winter a great deal of heat heM is radiated from tho bodies of pullets No eggs will bo be form formed d until provision pro Is made for tor tho the production of ot all nil energy required re in body activities Hence pullets Intended for tor e egg 1 production production production pro pro- should be provided with all feeds needed for tor balancing their rations and developing surplus s energy W When en pullets have been raised to the laying ago ngo the surplus energy derived from the tho digestion and as assimilation of ot food Is used for forming and developing developInG develop develop- ing eggs The energy thus required can be provided in no other way aY The poultry keeper cannot canno not eap expeCt ct to got sot eggs anle unless s sufficient food tood Is digested and assimilated to provide a a. surplus of ot ene energy A variety of ot feeds feed in hi abundance abundance dance is essential for tor egg production This is in especially Important In winter when BO so much ls radiated from tram the body The caro care of at pullets In fall tt llla Is essential 1 for tor laying the foundation of ot successful egg production in winter But the one I who Vho Is looking for tor a a. bountiful supply I of ot eggs must be prepared to feed teed liberally lib lIb- lib lib- orall orally AS aa hero outlined be b no difficulty then In malting making poultry I keeping a financial success Almost every hou household throws throw awny enough table scraps to f feed cl I n a am small flock nock of Ju hens lienau a. a This Tula IM Is I scraps make nn an excellent poultry food food they they are n valuable lc by product and ana with very ry little l trouble they cnn can be converted l lute Into to STR e-STR ergs M. M I L. L Chapman cu this tW Abject ariA to-ariA tr |