Show sugar made from beets what is here said of beet sugar taken from bedders Ped ders R report r rt to the beet sugar society of pennsylvania aloa the latest information for the growth of beets a healthy subsoil is in dispensable after this it is cultivated on almost any of course with various various degrees of success in the neighborhood of boulogne the manufacture of sugar from the beet has been expressly on a account of the unsuitableness of the soil which is is chalk with a very shallow depth of mould monsieur C considers the soil of new jer sey a sandy soil not apt to burn bum in surn summer er as very likely to be excellent for the purpose the facility with which the crop might be taken up and the advantages of obtaining the roots free from filth or clay are valuable considerations the latter will conduce condace much to their preservation during the winter plough theland the land in winter and lay it dry obtain a pulverized surface before sowing and aril drill the seed eight pounds per acre hoe the land in the intervals of the rows which might be 20 inches apart if the land is not very rich or 24 inches As soon as the plants have made tolerable progress at the second hoeing thin tile the fles plants ants in the tows rows to the distance of about fifteen inches and the third hoeing may be performed with a horse hoe the white or si lecian and the rose colored are the only kinds now sown in in a large way the yellow is stall sown by a tew few sut but to no great extent other kinds are said not only to yield no sugar but to be destructive to the proc process of if worked or mixed with them thet the greatest care is taken to select the bett beat roots for the production of seed both as to their kind and perfect formation the largest roots are not the best for or this purpose the best time for sowing the seed is as early as the season will admit as the greatest advantage is derived from an early crushing sometimes as much as two per cent of sugar besides the ease with which it la is made to chrystaline chryst alize the quality qualify being also superior the latter part of april and all of may is considered the proper season but this might be extended to the first firs day of june for reasons just stated the crops should be taken up as soon as the roots have i completed their growth the months of september and october are the proper season heat hea is as to fo the roots as cold as it in duces fermentation which is to tt tb vac ac charine the best preserved roots are deposited in long trenches formed by throwing out the earth to the sides and forming with it sloping banks 2 21 12 1 2 feet in height these trenches are ten feet wide and about feet or more long in a dry soil when the roots are packed without straw either at the bottom or side sida s the tops of the heaps conical and covered with a slight coat of straw which is thickened during the severity of winter aut the almost universal practice is to bury them in pits dug in the fields where the roots are grown r own 17 feet long 2 21 12 1 2 feet deep and 2 feet broad bac each pit containing lbs ibs of roots this thi s is by by no means a good method the ahr throwing out ot the earth mixes mixes a great quantity of at the tete sterile subsoil with the enriched upper per stratum and removing roots during winter is t the ae cause of much injury to the soil soi I 1 by the cutting in of wheels in wet weather it prevents also i the proper cultivation of the land by ploughing sloughing hing to lay dry tire manufacture of sugar consists of several distinct processes cleanie cleaning g the roots robts in many of the large factories is done by washing 1 in in long wooden cylinders with open sides whid which revolve by the power of steam in cisterns of water the roots are thrown in at one end eind of this thid cylinder and are carried round and ejected at the other side by a spiral or archimedes chi medes screw and if the work could be effectually performed by this means it would be a great saving of expense but the fact is it is at best a most inefficient thode mode if the roots have grown in a stiff soil quantities of earth will still be found adhering to them ir in spite of all your attempts to free them from it this will do great injury injury to the teeth of the rasp while crushing and will be of no value in the cakes asgood aa food for shee sheep P or cattle the large roots are often found to be hollow and partially decayed at the crown the putrid matter being ac etious is destructive to the yield of saccharine and no washing will remove it the end of the top root and the lateral fibres fabres are almost useless to the th e production of sugar often very injurious nJ urious therefore it is ered to clean gy by scraping with a knife when the earth and decayed parts are aas easily 1 rem removed wed the cuttings will be gree edily devoured by y cattle and hogs hoggs and that portion only of the root is used which is is best best calculated to yield a superior quality of su sugar gar crushing g orr or rasping assum i is is performed by a rasp this is a wooden barrel tel set transversely with stee steel ray saws at halt half an inch apart it is 13 inches wide and 23 inches in diameter and when propelled by steam makes about revolutions in a minute crushing into pulp 90 lbs ibs of roots in that space of time pressing by cylinders has often beeri been tried but found to be totally inapplicable to th the e purpose ose the heat engendered bylle by the process of rasping brings on an instantaneous fermentation which is destructive truc tive to the yield of sugar no time is therefore lost in submitting the pulp to the action of t the he press by which the juice is extracted in a short space of time this operation is performed by r hydra hydraulic jace c pressure the power of which lq is astonishingly great the ahe machine tor for this pu purpose is is vei deiy y e expensive x pens ive but when obtained the saving of labor and time is great the pulp falls from the rasp into a square box below from whence it is ta kenin a deep wooden or cop pe ass a el e J W which his is held open for aw a framo of wicki ar aab a barrow resting upon U wheels W when en it Is 0 venly in the bag and d the file mou mouth la Is then them turned t the escape of the pulp white while under the covered by another wicker frum frame assi til the pile consists of thi thirty arty fiven five bags go i the whole is then removed to the press where ft 4 ulan takes and de deposits its them on the wen wooden MI platform rests on the red bed of the press and the pressure is is abc applied As soon as the juice is ie extracted extract 4 the pro sure is taken off the bags are emptied of the dry cakes es and the press is ready for another load these presses are always worked in i P pairs so that thai while one i is a pressing ess n the other is bei being loaded the he juice flows C from ue the press into a cistern beneath w the floor door whence it is immediately pumped into a demen demas 4 c ting pan which is placed so high that the contents aten t s may mav flow from it b by v a pipe into the evaporator the is a copper pan into which i h the juice is pumped so as to ml fill it ahin within four inches aphes of the top when heat beat is applied either by means am of steam or fire As soon as the juice has attained ed tle the beat of leahmer Re ahmer 1621 1 ad 2 fahrenheit lime im is is added in exact proportion to the acid contained in ib it which is ascertained by chemical test the JU 4 M f I 1 I 1 I 1 1 1 prepared by slacking with hot water and aad mixing so as to be of the consistency of cream and when it is s added the greatest care should be taken to mix it intimately ti with the juice by bi stirring it with a w wooden spat spatula I 1 after this it is suppa supposed ged to nt rest and the heat beat is raised to the boiling point when whan it is is suddenly checked by withdrawing the steam or fire as soon as the joice jui cenas bas become perfectly clear it is run off into the first evaporator taking care that none of the scum or sediment at the bottom of the pan passes with it the scum and sediment are then collated put into bags b a and pressed to obtain all the juice they contain t after which the resi residues residue dueis ia thrown to to tl tle e d duns ung hi hill 14 a valuable manure the th e evaporator is is a cc copper pan into which the clear liquor flows until the pan is about a third part full to this a small quantity of animal charcoal is added and the fire or is applied here it is ig boiled until it markes 21 by the when it is passed into a receiver whence it flows into the clarifier for purification during the boiling if the juice rises in the pan so as to threaten to overflow a small quantity of butter or tallow is added the butter is the best which causes canses an immediate subsidence and facilitates evaporation the clarifiers clari fiers are wooden or copper pans ans 2 feet 8 inches deep 20 in diameter at the top ta ll 11 in diameter at the bottom each with a small brass cock near the bottom A copper strainer standing on three feet and covered with canvass canvas is s p placed laced in the bottom 4 of each clarifier which is age then n filled with granulated animal charcoal about lbs ibs in ea each ca pan an and is covered with another copper strainer and cloth and then allen the syrup is is bermi permitted eted to flow u upon pon it until the pan pali is full after it has stood some time the cock is opened the syrup s rap is is permitted to flow slowly into a cistern and the me pans pam are refilled as fast as they empty empty from the cistern the syrup is pumped into t the e co condenser I 1 en for the last evaporation these clarifiers clari fiers are emptied of their a animal carbon twice in the day and filled with other fresh burnt from the kilns kalns it was found that some of the saccharine remains in the carbon it is therefore put up to receive the juice from the as it passes into the first evaporator bichl b by which I 1 means the saccharine is extracted after which the be animal carbon is turned out to be washed preparatory ure to another dalci nation whereby it is ren rendered ered e fit for further use for concentration consent ration the clarified syrup is is evaporated in the condenser to 41 at which point it indicates sins signs of fitness for which c b may b be e known by the usual test d drawing i between the fin finger finer er and thumb when if the t thread thad breaks reak and the end draws up to the finger in a kind of horney homey substance it is elou enough h another myle is to blow through the holes of E the skimmer when if the syrup be sufficiently tenacious to form air bubbles and tall fall to the ground and 0 on n b bursting u ti g leave a white substance it is red W immediately r removed emo v from the fire in the town lown of arras a person has established a sugar house upon a very economical scale perfo performing i much mach of the labor and superintendence in in person he erected most of the machinery with his own hands he rents land properly prepared of the farmers in the neighbor neighborhood hoZ for or the e growth of his crops of beets at the charge of from rom to francs per acre he has no BO means of feeding sheep with the cakes and abee the molasses andi manure h he sells to those who are making in a profit from this branch of his business it must na be a good trade which could bear such weeding and yet he made 1 pounds of sugar in one season which valued at 4 12 1 2 acts per lb ib would be and at 30 acts per lb ib would be and under favorable circumstances and seasons an average co crop of beets would be about ibs per acre reading eight ibs of sugar to one hundred of beets making a yield of about ibs abi of sugar to tte the acre was this at 30 ets per lb ib would be 00 who wa would 14 not be sweetened sweet ned JOHN EAGER |