Show the repulse at the A sudden of angry fire with wreaths of vapor curling L higher break through the silent air airi and ere the ie d matting falls rr from hallm half the curtained fortress walls A k hundred guns are bare foa tomes at lasi the battle hell bell hirough oak and iron shot and shell la in quick succession crash ile clouds of smoke conceal the sun and thundering gun alies replies to gun and flash sue succeed ce det eth flash ali splinters from the bloodstained blood stained deck like arrows fly but cannot check th the british sean seamans ihns fire not no let his bis vessel sink or swim the deuce a care is is that to him it if fighting be expire strain rowers strain your arms and blades I 1 through mud and water britain wades despite their howls and shooting press on onward ard through the ir iron rain jall and rudely trample down the slain twill give you firmer foo footing tig fall backwards now the failures oer and linger on the bloody shore As if within your beds ill wait a ca calmly in y in the evening air ab while ie g grape ap and ingall bullet tear A around i your h honored d haa headst I 1 whasil stanl stani in the b ghastly light the lie wd saud shall bej bdour ur bed tonight to night thee plunge and chokin choking sink no bolts boats to bear you through the storm to doctors and to chloroform we marl your falp and think think all saard to Mo lochs might in useless eless ni ill conducted fight mom f there let them tall fall and sleep I 1 they yield id a crt arti of K 0 B s I 1 although across t the e rolling seas D some gentles gentle eyes may weep y now sound the requiem through the fleet ps the mud is is all their winding sheet 1 their lullaby hillaby the wave I 1 while rude mor mongolians Mongo gol lians boast boast around oer all the wide w d e celestial c e esta ground how the foreign devils found A bullet burrou ed grave II 11 they sleep with many thousands more r by bala badavas Ba lavas vals rock built shore on w ind swept lukermann and W with i h the nobles of the brave found who found a sun steeped indian grave crave in further hindostan hindustan Hind brave sol dierst never nei er country bred ar sons more free from craven dread who 0 c calmer 1 er dare to stand and gaze into the eyes of death or murmur with their parting breath the war c cry y of their land china ifil hong hongtong kog kong the following is hurace greeleys greelegs Gree leys closing letter written from california during his late tour and contains contain alie he summing up of his opinions in A regard to the state its inhabitants prospects etc the letteris letter let is an interesting te one and will repay a perusal an overland journey california S SUMMING U M MING UP sax SAN cal sept 45 4 5 1859 9 the entire area of this state is officially estimated as contain containing im a fraction less than one hundred millions million of acres but as this total in eludes bays as well as lakes rivers ac the actual extent of land can hardly exceed ninety millions of acres or rather more mor ethan than rioe times the area of new hampshire or vermont perhaps twice the A area of new york it is only a A guess fuess on any ny part but one founded on travel and observation kieh makes not more than one third of t this extent say thirty millions of acres properly arable the residue 1 l leing S either ruggedly mountainous 10 hopelessly elesely desert or absorbed in the 1 we marshes which line the san joa quill 11 and perhaps some other rivers rivers US the arable thirty millions of acres j early dearly the theanea th area earea of all new england except maine are scarcely equaled ii n capacity of production by tiny any like area ea on n earth they embrace the es vine yin elands 1 ands on this continent to an extent of many millions of acres all n are area a capable iff ablo of prod producing acing all the wine and all the raisins annually ann nally consumed on the globe all the fruits of the temperate zone are grown here in in great luxuriance and perfection together with the fig olive ac to which the lemon and orange nay may be added in in the south no other land on earth produces wheat rye and barley so largely with so little labor as the great rna ina johniy bority of these thirty million acres a portion of them are well w ell adapted al so to indian corn to stock growing grow ing in an eay easy slovenly reel less w althis s mild climate and fertile soil also lend themselves readily yell must believe that many more acres are required here to graze a thousand head of cattle than in in new york or kentucky and that the capacities of california to furnish beef and milk in in this poor fashion have beer been taxed very nearly to the utmost doubtless four six six or even ten times the present number of cattle will be fed here at some future day but not wholly on the spontaneous growth of the valleys alleys and hillsides hill sides nay I 1 hear already that as the wild oats and natural grasses are closely fed year after year ear so as to preclude their seeding or prevent the seed falling to ace the earth and germinating they gradually die out and are supplanted by course worthless weeds evidently and I 1 rejoice over the fact the day of ranches or broad unfenced domains over which the cattle of the owner range at will protected only by his brand from indiscriminate appropriation is passing away forever for ever and it it is is hi high h timid tune though the range is yet many arres acre per er head bead and the feed ample fr for t the he sp greater part of the year yet the cows of california gi give veless less milk today to day than a like number kept for milk on any other portion of the globe the dry grabs and stubble on which they bub keep them in in fair flesh b but furnishes scanty scant overal us for butter and cheese good butter is is worth fifty gebb wid uyer ver pr po and anda ha gen gem bially Fally it at thi this deasia season a white in insipid look like that made in in winter at al the east cist cheese commands twenty five beuls per pound andis cind is seldom seen on hotel or private tables yet the production though meager is is rapidly increasing increasing the bitle lie vall e ys opening directly on a the pacific and and thus kept green by its fogs and damp winds in in spite of the six six months absence of rain yielding it most abundantly A cheese weighing seven hundred and fifty pounds the product of a single dai dairy ry 1 is N now here on its way to the state fair at sacramento the laroe large store in which I 1 siw saw it it is is full of california made I 1 cheese from basement to attic yet california does not nearly supply her own wants whether of cheese or butter and never will until her dairymen shall deem it profitable to shelter their stock in in winter and supply them with green fodder in in later S summer iner and fall whenever they shall h a 11 generally devote one quarter of their lands to growing chilian clo ver ler sowed bowed corn bebis beets parsnips Par snips and carrots wherewith ith to feed their cows from august to february they will make twice or thrice their present product of butter and cheese and prove theirs one of the best dairy regi regions n on earth but habits especially c y bad ones are stubborn things and they will ivill only come to this wisdom wisdom by degrees whether california would be a better country if it had bad rain id in summer I 1 have hav e already somewhat considered that it would be more in inviting and attractive in in aspect especially to those unaccustomed to such sterility through the latter half of each year cannot be doubted with such rain ram its natural pasturage would suffice for twice its present number of cattle while cultivation could be extended far up into the mountains on lands now deemed arable only when irrigated yet on the other hand these dry summers have their advantages adva nages by their aid the most bountiful harvests of hay and grain are secured in in the best order and by means of the least possible labor weeds are not half so inveterate and troublesome here as in rainy countries tries A given amount of labor accomplishes complis comp lishes heb far more in in any direction than at the east the wise man I 1 may start on a journey journey of business or pleas pleasure ure w without phout consulting co m u ai t hi his 1 as barometer and the fool w without it h ti loo looking k in into anio his almanac nobody save in in w winter inter or early spring ever casts an apprehensive look at the skies it may 11 ay be cloudy or foggy as it often is is but you know it lannot cannot rain rain till next november and lay your plans accordingly I 1 have passed large fields ot of stan standing dim wheat that tha t have been dead ripe for at least a month they will shell some when cut but I 1 the gram grain will be bright and plump as ever all through the grain region you see wheat that has been thrashed and sacked and piled up in in the theolen open field where it grew grev to await awai i I the farmers farmer s convenience convenience in in taking 1 it to market and it may lie so for months without damage unless from squirrels or gophers wheat is is sown throughout the winter though the earlier sown is is the surer plowing commences with the rains rains and sowing should follow as closely as may be very decent crops of ivolue volunteer grain are often grown by sim simply harrowing in in the seed eed shelled out and lost losi in in the he process of hari bari lesting sometimes even eien though the i harrowing is is omitted but the ground squirrels are apt to intercept this process by filling the gram grain fieldsmith fields field with their holes and eating up all the scattered gram grain and a good deal more they are a great pest in m many localities cali ties and strychnine is is freely and effectively employed to diminish their numbers THE MOUNTAINS MOU isains AND MINES I 1 have estimated that barely one third of the total area of Ca lafornia is perfectly arable but iam it would be a great mistake to sup pose the residue worthless atlease at leant thirty millions of acres more are covered by rugged hills and moun ains ains mainly timbered much 0 of f the timi timber being large and of the best qua ity iby yellow pitch and sugar pine the pitch pine being scarcely akin to its stunted and scrubby new england namesake nam name eake take but a tall and ble tree the suar sugar being nearly identical with ou our r white fine liae save that its sap is is white azdar balsam F air i r a all ll 11 these thage at al 1 least ed st twice the size 6 of the trees in any forest bever I 1 ever saw elsewhere philp the tho balsam is just the most shapely y and graceful I 1 tree on earth such are the forests which cover all but the snowy peaks of the mountains of california trees six six to eight feet through are as common in in the sierra nevada and I 1 hear in in the coast range also as those three to four feet in m diameter are or were vere in in the pine forests of new york and newen Ne 9 land consider that these giants look don on the gold mines mines wherein a very large pro proportion on of the gozt mo t active population of this state must for ages be employed while the agricultural districts lie he just below them the mind land even the seaboard cities are but a days ride further and the value of these forests becomes apparent the day is not distant there are those living who ho will see it it when what is now california will have a population of three to six six millions then eligible timber lands in in the sierra will be worth more per acre than would now be more pai paid for farms in the richest valleys near san francisco the timber limber of the ioni lower er hills and plains i is s generally oak short bodied wide spreading and of poor quality save for ft fuel I 1 being brash easily easil y broken like a clay pipe stem and not durable Themore the more common variety looks like the white oak found in new england pastures but resembles it in looks only live oak is neit next ia iia abundance and also a poor article it has a smooth dark bark a short crooked trunk a profusion of good for nothing limbs aud and small deep green leaves which defy the frosts of winter the trunk is often barked by vandals for tanning leaving the tree standing anding si alive but certain to die black and rock oak are found in some of the mountain valleys valley and seem to be of fair quality large cottonwood and sycamore line some of the streams but very sparingly her evergreens Ever greens are the pride of california the g gold mines are generally found among the foothills foot hills of the sierra or in the beds of the streams which traverse those hills bills in many instances hills now tower where rivers once ran how long since who may tell trees in a S tate state of semi petri faction are dug out from under hundreds of feet of solid earth which seems to have lain undisturbed s since creation the beds of ancient lakes are cove covered redby by rugged heights and these 1 beds eds being bein often auriferous aurit erous it is one of the arts of the miner to know just where to tunnel through the rim rock so as to strike v hat was the bottom of the lake and thus extract its ts gold as cheaply as may be Wa gabing bing the beds of modern str streams eains which was the earliest lar tar liest and most pro liable field of mining adventure is now nearly at an all end or turned over to the chinese who are willing to work hard and steadily for much tess less than will satisfy the aspirations of a yankee there are sti it 11 some creek I 1 beds that tha will pay in winter when water is iq abundant that remain to be washed out but in the main river mining is is at its last gasp very few dams are being or have recently bee been constructed to turn rivers from their beds and permit those beds to be I 1 sluiced oat and I 1 doubt that this I 1 cial department of mining ever paid its i ts aggregate c cost the expense is i seris serious the p product product often moderate and subject to many contingencies th dams will be constructed mainly to feed the canals or ditch US whereby water is is supplied to works that must otherwise be abandoned of these ditches tie the state slate reg register is ter for 1859 has a list of several hundred in number amounting in the aggregate to miles of arti facial water courses constructed ishol wholly for mining purposes at a total cost of or abo about ut twice that of the original erie canal tho Th largest elargest of these ditches is the eureka canal company leading water from the north fork of the cosumne river ta im diamond prides ao mil es ai at a cost 0 of f S OU but there are many far more expensive and important being far larger and carried over a more difficult country at the head of these stand the mokelumne hill canal in talaveras calaveras Cala veraa veras county only 60 miles ron long but costi costing r 8 the columbian and in tuo luane bounty ou nty eighty miles long cost dollars and the sath yuba yub canal I 1 in nevada county costing many larger enterprises than even these have been projected but not yet tarried carried out because capitalists cannot be found willing to supply the needful cash thus in mariposa Ala alone it has been estimated that an annual rental of ten millions of dollars would be paid for water could enough of it be had bad at living rates I 1 merely guess that it could not be paid many years 0 of c course I 1 do not think that the goa gold d m mines buese of california will ever be thoro thoroughly ugly ay iy worked out certainly not in the next thousand years yet I 1 do not anticipate any considerable increase in their annual production because I 1 deem per annum as much as can be taken out at a profit under existing circumstances the early miners of california reaped what nature had bad been quietly sowing countless thousands of years year through the action of frost and fire growth and decay air and water she had baa been slowly |