Show beekly news analysis atomic bomb and russ attack attack signal final chapter of japanese war following in lightning succession the U S use of atomic bombs and dussias Rus sias entrance into the conflict signalled signal led the finis to the pacific war which had been waged with such bitterness since december of 1941 with the second of its great industrial cities leveled by the terrific new explosive and with russian troops driving deep into manchuria and korea the japanese gave the first indication of their decision to throw in the sponge early on august 10 with the tokyo radios announcement of acceptance of unconditional surrender terms provided the emper or ors t s position was respected later the swedish foreign office revealed that the japs had asked it to transmit their request for cessation of hostilities tili ties to the allied powers under terms of the unconditional surrender drawn by the U S brit ain and china at potsdam and anc later subscribed to by russia the japs were required to 1 eliminate the influences ol of those who have directed jap conquest 2 submit to occupation ol of designated points in the home borne islands until world peace is assured 3 limit jap sovereignty to the main islands of honshu hokkaido Hok kaido kyushu and seikoku Shi koku 4 give up all foreign conquests 5 disarm all forces 6 remove all obstacles to freedom of speech religion and thought in return the potsdam terms promised japan retention of all industries dus tries to maintain the civilian economy and provide for reparations in goods access to raw materials and free trade and withdrawal of occupation forces upon organization of a peace minded government in conformance with the wishes of the people in first indicating the jap decision to give up the fight the tokyo radio declared that the nipponese had approached pro ached russia to act as intermediary in peace negotiations with the U S britain and china several weeks ago at the request of the emperor having failed to establish contacts however the government finally determined to accept the unconditional surrender outlined at potsdam with the reservation that the emperors position in the nation be respected while neither the U S nor britain had bad ever officially discussed Hiro hitos status in the event of a jap colla collapse apse it was felt that behaving d I 1 V f W akl first announced the U S use of the deadly atomic bomb president truman warned of its continued employment until the enemy quit cause of his standing in the nipponese community as a supposed descendent icen dent ent from the sun goddess he would be able to preserve order in the home islands following defeat it was argued that his forcible removal might well throw japans whole social order into contusion confusion and chaos though the war in the pacific had been a long and bitter one with american forces pushing steadily ahead ever since tire like japanese tidal wave was checked in the battles of the coral sea and midway in the spring of 1942 the terrific explosive effect of the atomic bomb and dussias Rus sias subsequent entrance into the conflict was seen to quicken its end even though admitting that it is an awful responsibility which has come to us president harry S truman declared that the U S would continue to use the atomic bomb to destroy jap munitions industries dus tries and reduce the ability to wage war until cessation of hostilities A milestone in the scientific age the earth shaking potency of the atomic bomb tempered the jubilation at first expressed over its use in hastening the end of the pacific war first objective of the new atomic bomb the rail and industrial center of hiroshima on honshu island 50 5 0 1 A pioneer in atom splitting dr ernest orlando lawrence of the university of california stands beside cyclotron he developed for experimentations lay in ruins with buildings splintered and an estimated persons killed only a few concrete structures remained standing in the heart of the city with even the interior of these burned out by the fires following the explosion so terrific was the blast it rocked the B 29 from which the charge was dropped while it cruised 10 miles distant goal of scientists for over 40 years and the result of combined U S and british research since 1940 the atomic bomb has been secretly produced in two great plants at richland wash and oak ridge tenn with two billion dollars required tor for its development with maj gen leslie R groves in overall over all charge and with dr J R oppenheimer of the university of california heading the technical work manufacture of the atomic bomb involved the use of uranium a metallic substance found in southwestern colorado and eastern utah as well as in canada the belgian congo austria russia sweden norway and cornwall principle of the new explosive lies in splitting atoms the tiniest particles of matter and releasing the electrical charges they contain with the attendant energy besides energy heat and light can be recovered thus leading to wide postwar possibilities for the material 11 lo 10 ULF HAAB of I 1 X V I 1 21 NO aia 2 0 za 01 0 PAN DAIREN JAPAN 41 KOREA T YO 0 S EA K F SHANGHAI EAST L af 00 iwo marking dussias Rus sias entrance into the pacific war red troops invaded eastern manchuria to join U S forces in clamping huge pincer around arouni japanese home islands in announcing the use of the atomic bomb with its magical substance however secretary of war stimson revealed that postwar adaptation of the product to civilian use will require additional experimentation to design machinery capable of harnessing the tremendous force meanwhile stimson said the U S intends to share the secret of the atomic bomb only with britain and canada and in speculating on its use as a factor in maintaining peace it was suggested that the english speaking allies would hold on to the explosive and restrict its use on behalf of the united nations postwar security force to american and british planes regretting that the atomic bombs inventors did not destroy the weapon the vatican newspaper losser romano declared that it made a deep impression here no not t so much for the use already made of the death instrument as for the sinister shadow that the discovery casts on the future of humanity because people never can learn the lessons of history the publication said the atomic lomb bomb will also remain a temptation for unscrupulous statesmen SOUTH AMERICA export surplus during the years 1940 through 1944 the other american republics accumulated a surplus of exports over imports to talling according to a recent compilation by the federal reserve board in washington in 1944 the compilation shows the export surplus of these countries was compared with in 1939 before full effects of the war were felt in western hemisphere trade during this period imports from both europe and the united states declined sharply while exports increased heavily in dollar value particularly to the united states with exports running far above imports gold and foreign exchange reserves of the other american republics increased to at the end of 1944 compared with at the end of 1939 the compilation pi lation shows CIVILIAN GOODS slow coming though war production board officials declared that the program gradually was gathering momentum there are small prospects that needed civilian goods will reach retailers counters in sufficient volume before well into 1946 in reviewing the situation held out hopes for substantial production of electric irons baby carriages and alarm clocks during the present quarter with limited output of washing machines vacuum cleaners and galvanized cans and pails to date only near sufficient quantities of razors razor blades hearing aid batteries and dry cell batteries are being manufactured it was said though comparatively large amounts of electric ranges refrigerators film lamps and fans are re scheduled to be turned out in the present quarter most will be reserved for military purposes revealed foreign farm help jumps in U S though the number of hired people doing farm work in the united states in midsummer this year reached a new wartime low the department of agriculture reports that the number of foreign workers and war prisoners working on farms in the united states in midsummer was about the foreign workers come from mexico jamaica the bahamas and plane new farm machine chemistry is aiding the airplane to come into increased use as a piece of farm machinery used successfully for several years to dust such crops as cotton and citrus with pest killing hilling chemical insecticides the airplane now can be used to apply a new form of hormone spray to reduce pre harvest drop of apples and pears and help produce better yields size color and quality I 1 newfoundland of the mexicans most were in the west but around were on farms in the midwest the number of jamaicans Jamaica ns came to around and there were about bahamians Baham ians while ja laicans are working through the whole country the bahamians Baham ians are in florida and other truck growing areas along the atlantic seaboard farmers in new england new york new jersey pennsylvania delaware and maryland are employing the 1100 newfoundlanders Newfound landers now in this country in addition to foreign workers there were over prisoners of war on farms in nearly every state except maine new hampshire ve vermont r rhode island connecticut Connect ic ut and north and south dakota workers from foreign countries are brought into the united states for farm work under arrangements between their governments and the department of agriculture EUROPE new developments with america now committed to keeping the peace tn in europe political developments on the stricken continent comm commanded anaed the nations attention more closely ry foremost recent eluded the U S and britaina Brit ains decision to grant occupied germany F pi larger measure of local independence the allies move to separate austria from the reich and plans tor for the determination of a new government in yugoslavia declaring that it was up to the germans themselves to Mesta reestablish blish their country in the eyes of the world general eisenhower Elsen hower announced that local trade unions and political parties would be permitted to function wherever the allied military government ordained warning that the winter ahead would be hard eisenhower urged the germans to repair damaged properties now gather cordwood for fuel since coal will not be available and go into the fields to harvest a awl ml crop ON w in determining to separate austria from the reich the allies planned for the creation of an independent state in free and open elections before which the country would be divided into four occupational pat ional zones under U S british russian and french military commanders the U S zone constitutes the north central portion of austria below the danube meanwhile yugoslavia prepared to hold a vote on the question of the form of a new government with moscow backed Marshal tito calling for a republican system excluding the monarchy charged with having been identified with nazi collaborators lab orators by tito 21 year old king peter retorted that the country was now under a wave of terror by the partisans with all law suspended and no opportunity for a free and open vote on the future character of the government nations losses within a day america lost an outstanding soldier and an equally notable statesman no I 1 U S ace of world war II 11 maj richard ira dick bong from poplar wis died when his jet pro belled shooting star blew up shortly after a takeoff at burbank calif ts 2 entering the air 0 force in n 1941 the then 20 year old former farm boy topped all other 4 U S airmen by shooting down 40 maj bong jap planes in action ext extending ending from australia to the philippines just before the shooting star exploded bong was seen if leaping aping out of the cockpit only to be caught in the air by the terrific blast one of the famed ables who fought to keep the U S out of the league of nations and also opposed ratification of the united nations charter sen hiram W johnson rep can baar died at the n hospital at bethesda md at 79 always a rugged independent who sen johnson tread according to his conscience rather than party interests johnson took most pride in his governorship of california from 1910 to 1916 when he led in the adoption of woman suffrage work mens comp compensation sensation ensa tion and elimination of partisanship in municipal and county elections released eased by western newspaper union |