OCR Text |
Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH. UTAH rrrr.rfffmff , IMPROVED ROADS WAR MATERIAL DISTRIBUTED 8tsady Surplus Supply Being Sent to Varioua Statee by Bureau of Public Roads. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) A steady supply of surplus war material suitable for highway construction is being distributed to the states by the bureau of public roads. United States of Agriculture, Department which acts as a clearing house. A force of about 275 persons Is kept In . AoA 6y the field taking inventories and pefe paring material for shipment. Lists of material available are sent to each state highway department, and a period of SO days allowed for the submission of requisitions. The mate rial Is allotted to the state on the same basis as monetary federal aid for road construction, a value being placed on each Item and a record kept of the total value received by each state. Up to February 1 of this year the value of the material thus distributed amounted to $126,000,000, of which $00,000,000 represented the value of motor vehicles and parts. Recently an Inventory was taken of about $40,000,000 worth of material at Camp Grant, Rockford, III., part of which will be retained by the War department. and the remainder, suitable for road work, soon will be available for distribution. The work is being rushed,, so that the material may be used for road work early in the season and the camp cleaned np by August 1. Other surplus war materials recently received for distribution and located at Schenectady, N. Y. ; Water-towMass., and Dover, N. J., include 200 carloads of brick, about half of 2??iY4 J are as old as history, says a bulletin from the Washington, D. C., headquarters of the National Geographic society. Perhaps the origin of the hat was the fillet, which was in almost universal use among smoothhaired peoples to keep back their stray locks. We have made additions from time to time in both horizontal and vertical directions until the creations worn in New York and Paris have come about, as well as the picturesque lints and cops worn with various national costumes, for fickle Fashion makes her influence, felt wherever people live. a the headgear worn proves very useful to a stranger as well as to the natives in identifying both the residence and the social standing of the wearer. The Kurds in that country wear a hat which looks like a bound 'huge inverted black coffee-po- t around with a gay silk handkerchief. The Bakhtiaris, who live in the mountains near the British oil fields, wear a white felt hat that looks like a preserving kettle. The peasant or artisan wears a rough felt dome, the merchant or stuthe porter a dent the black pill-boskullcap the poMce officer a white Igttnh's-woo- l hat, and the ecclesiastic turban. a eusldon-lik- e In the Holy Land, too, the hat is indicative of the station of the wearer. The Bedouin, the dweller In the houses of hair in the desert to the south, east and northeast, wears n large flowing scarf of silk or cotton, called the kefeeyah, bound round his head by a twisted rope of goat's ' or camel's hair, generally about two inches thick. The Turkish soldiers of Bagdad during the World war, though they adopted a uniform much like that worn by British and American soldiers, the kefeeyah, which artists call the most picturesque headdress worn ' ATS View of Santiago, Chile. by the National Geographic Washington, D. C.) Chile, whose diplomats are in conference in Washington with those of Peru in an effort to solve the Taena-Aric- a problem, might be called the South American California. It is long and narrow, and Its region of (Prepared Society, n, snow-cappe- , .,Iu-Pcrsi- by men. of the Spanish lady. She drapes It about her body for a skirt, allows Its graceful folds to pass over her shoulders and head, where, by a trick of moving it before her luminous eyes when the Inspiration prompts, she makes t a luring instrument of coquetry. The children and young girls of Savoy wear little caps in shape like those an American baby wears, eseept frill stands out that the turned-bacover tlie face at the top. They are made of vivid red and blue or blue and green ' combinations and are tied under their chins with a ribbon. There is just a slight difference In this begins" in each village, and it soon becomes easy to tell just where any peasant comes from. In Mont Bond, for instance, the stiff part of the begine slopes back at a rather acute angle, while In St. Jean D'Arves the lace of the begine stands up straight. In St. Sorlin DArves the lace in the front of the begine is bent down flat and its back is squarer than that of St. Jean DArves. When it 'rains these women put on over these caps a very large flat felt hat. which takes the place of our umbrella. Vhen( the Osnmnli Turkish woman goes on the streets slv; wears a garment enveloping her whole person which resembles a scanty double petticoat made of any kind of cloth. The upper part is drawn Imodwisa over her head and fastened tinder her gtin. Her face Is then completely hidden by silit or a small square of k The fellah, or farmer of Palestine, wears a turban consisting of four parts, a small white felt skullcap, over this another skullcap of white cotton, which in turn is surmounted by a red ctotli fez with a large black tassel, and about the whole a scnrf or shawl. Most of the Apostles belonged to this muslin. Despite the fact that there is a tenddass. The third class in the Holy Land, ency to do away with the cloak worn the merchants, artisans, teachers, by Turkish women, it is still used to In the towns and some scribes, mid governing officials wear a great extent a (urban similar to that worn by the Christian women living in close proxMoslems have been foreed to farmers, except that the scarf Is larg- imity to er. cleaner, and of lighter and more adopt the attire. little The Bulgarian woman Jars-a delicate colors and materials. enormous chignon made ' of round skullcap covered in gold braid An sheep's wool is worn by the nuns of, the Nunnery of Tibet, which one traveler says lies in one of the most desolate and wind-swei Bjmls imaginable. Much of the charm of the Turko- Northern Italians Dsvpted to Boccie' Sport Has Some of the Princi- - ' man of Transcaspla is due to Ills huge pies of Curling. mid fantastic cnp made of shaggy or as three times two wool, sheep's The game of boccie" is the national large as his head, which he perches at a characteristically rakish and in- sport of northern Italy. Tlie crowd follows it as our crowd follows, basedependent angle. The people spend all day Suna ball. TV Arab' woman of Oman-wearmass playing it. There is peculiar headdress that to the A liter day after Every loan mind suggests blinkers,, siive always betting on tin game. p tils around her eyes and down her one with an estate of any size lias a On the private nose from its bridge to its tip after course for boccie. courses, men. women and Children fashion of foot hail gear. The Hindu womans dress is made alike play. Each player uses two wooden balls glorious by the sari, ns distinctive a touch in Imr attire as is the mantilla about the size of bowling balls, Each dark-colore- d DECLARED with a long fringe hanging down the buck which she covers with a. large white scarf embroidered around the edges and fastened to the cap with innumerable ornaments and strings of coins. Everyone is familiar with the cute little white Dutch cap with its becoming flaps on the side, and knows the grace with which the Spanish lady wears her mantilla, The Alsutiau woman wears a huge bow of black ribbon on her head. Occasionally you see a red or a pfaid ribbon and sometimes it is ornamented with large bright flowers. The women of the Canal! valley wear a snowy-whit- e starched cap. The Herzegovinian women in wear fascinating long white lace veils attached to tiny red caps, which they decorate during festivals with bright yellow marigolds. The Sardinian farmer wears an enlarged edition of the Scotch cap, which serves him not only as a head covering hut as a lunch bag from which lie will Juke a loaf of bread at noon, mui on which he occasionally sleeps at night. Tlie Wallachiun fanner affects a small derby, smaller than Charlie lid, which he Chaplin's often adorns with a wreath of flow' ' ers. , The elegant Saloniki dame wears a frame that could scarcely be termed a hut. It is usually crowned with an oval gilt plaque ornamented In seed pearls, and Invariably has a fringed tail of dark green silk, also ornamented with a similar plaque, in which she keeps her hair. But in one particular the peasant woman of Russia has the advantage of all of us. She wraps about her head one of those soft beautiful Iers-ia- n or cashmere shawls which is generally richer in texture and color than h street any creation of a milliner. ' r , . Ba-gu- sa well-know- n Fifty-sevent- - A Federal-Ai- Concrete Road in Min nesota. d which is suitable for highway paving ; 5,000,000 pounds of nails, 1,000,000 founds of staples, 1,000,000 square feet of concrete reinforcing mesh, 200,000 monkey wrenches and 133 carloads of picks and pick handles. MUD AS A ' - ' DEFECT v , A West Virginia educator at the National Education associa- tion conference was asked what lie regarded as tlie greatest defect in American education, and he said in his district it was mud. Bad roul3 can be the greatest defect in any community. They can be the greatest defect in education, when they do not permit the regular attendance of children in school. Th'ey can be the greatest - defect in farming, when they do not permit the moving of crops. They can be tlie greatest defect in any kind of activity, when they prevent the communication needed.- A had road is a bad road whether it is a bad street car system, a bad steum road or a mud road in tlie country. ft, SUPERIOR TO GOLF GRAVEL ROADS ARE HELPFUL . V FIDDLE BOWS The Instruments of the "string choir are all played with r. bow. with occasional pizzicato, or plucking inf the strings, a- - required by the 'music. A bow Is an Instrument of wood and horsehair employed to set musl--ch- I the strings of the violin or other Instrument In vibration. As its It was orlglLnlly . implies, curved. The violin bow Is usually indies long and the aDufit twChtf-nla- e . jate stick has a slight curve Inward. The violoncello bow is a little shorter. Tlie double-bas- s bow has a large arch and Is shorter. The early bows were so crude that they added little to the delicacy of tone. The earliest improvement was made when a metal hand with teeth-lik- e edges was Introduced with the design of regulating the position and tension of the hair at or near the handle. It was reserved, for, Francois Tourte (1747-I-h devise the plan' of keeping the hair flaf by means of a clasp, . Farmers of Massac, County, Illinois, team, of two or four, as a rule, has - Art Not Bothered Much by one baliino. This is a little wooden ' Weather. Muddy ball about tlie size of a baseball which is rolled down the alley first. WherMuddy weather doesnt bother the ever It stops Is goal for' the in Massac' county, Illinois, farmers big balls which are pitched after It. The game' is to pitch them so that very much, because there are over 300 of In the county, they tjo not strike it out of position, miles each gravel roads their and year grows mileage' but stop as close to it as possible. Of course if an opponent places the ball larger. The cost of graveling roads well the game fs to use your first ball in Massac county is not very great beto knock, his but of place, and then cause tlie gravel Is taken right out of' try to get your second shot Into posi- the hills along the Ohio river. Some tion, says an Italian enthusiast who 'mine waste is used for insists that golf is a stupid game' if In either case tlie farmers have a good road to market. one lias ever learned to play boccie. Builders Attend School. In Wisconsin highway builders at--' and the screw and batten for slackschool where construction plans ing or tightening the hair at pleasure. tend are discussed with a view of bringing Scientific American. about better understanding of tlie road problem and its solution. Among the Got Policemans Goat. are: State, county, town, Its a hard life, said the traffic 'Attendants and city road officials, convillage Whats .the trouble? policeman. roller opasked the genial old gentleman. I tractors, foremen, patrolmen, had to call down a fashionable dame erators and other road workers. Just now for violating a traffic law. Many Good Road Advocate.' The look she gave le was bad enough, Throughout the United States there hut the, way her poodle dog yawned are no fewef than 30,000.000 people-whin itiy face was positively ah advocates of g Hi matte , . road-makin- . iBsuFtky.-Birmingha- Age-Heral- - ; ' v greatest development and population Is a great, rich valley with low mountains separating it from the coast, and d with a steep, range towering above it to the east. Chile Is the longest and narrowest of all the countries of the world. It stretches 2,700 miles, from Cape Horn to the deserts of Tarapaca and Tacna, Within the tropics. Its width is rarely more than 125 miles from the ocean to the Andean crest. If we were to place it Upon a similar stretch of coast In North America, it would cover Louder California, California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia to the St. Elias district of Alaska. Chile is divided into three sections by the natural features of tlie Pacific slope of. the Andes. The northern is and desert rethat of the semi-ari- d gion, which reaches from Peru southward to Valparaiso. It is an utter desert in the north and becomes less InIt is hospitable toward the south. traversed from the Andes to the coast by short, deep valleys, separated by high spurs of the mountains, and communication from north to south has always been exceedingly difficult. Nevertheless the Chilean engineers found a route by which to extend the state railway which links Puerto Montt, in a latitude comparable ff) that of New York, with Pisagua in the territories conquered from Peru, which has a latitude comparable to that of Mexico City. Heart of the Country. The central section of Chile extends through nine degrees of latitude for a distance of about 600 nfiles from Valparaiso to the island of Clifioe, south of Puerto Montt. This is the heart of Chile, tlie only portion of the country which can support a sufficient population to constitute a nation. Tlie area is not large, about 100,000 square miles, and much of it is occupied by mountain ranges of great height and ruggedness. But between the Andes and the coast range there extends in this section a valley similar to that of California, which is the seat of the Chilean people. Many rivers rising in the Andes descend to it and meander more or less directly westward through the coast range of the Pacific; but the intervening divides are nowhere of such altitude as to interrupt the continuity of the great valley that extends from north to south. Santiago is situated at its northern end, and flourishing cities are located at each favorable point on the railway that connects the capital with Puerto Montt.. The climate as we go from north to south becomes ever more humid, and we pass from the irrigated lands about Santiago to- the dense forest swamps of the southern portion of the district. While much of the laud has been cleared or is in the process of clearing, In a state which reminds one of our own Pacific coast 30 years ago, other areas remain Impenetrable forests, still unexplored after nearly 400 years , of. occupation of the country. ' Tlie third section of Chile, extending southward from Puerto Montt through 14 degrees of latitude to Cape Horn, Is like our southern Alaskan coast a stretch of islands and peninsulas broken by Intricate channels and profound fiords that penetrate far into the land. Tumultuous rivers descend from the Andes and debouch Into the fiords in swampy deltas which are covered with . . dense forests. . The large island of Cliiloe, which was conquered by Valdivia before the middle of the Sixteenth century, Is well populated and occupies a position with reference to the more frequented northern coast similar to that, which Vancouver island holds to San Francisco. Farther south the population becomes very scanty, , glaciers scend from the Andean heights, and Jie savage but majestic scenery of Ainythe' channel and the Straits hf Vagetlan suggests that, of the Inland passage and Lynn canal of tlie Alas kan coast. When Chile Expanded. It is the extreme northern portion of Chile as shown by the maps that is now the center of interest. Chile did not always have a length of 2,700 miles. Until the last quarter of the past century, the northern boundary of the country fell more than 500 miles short of Its present position. North of It Bolivia owned a coastal strip 200 miles or more In length, and Perus southern border extended some 300 miles farther south than it does today. All of this region, which now forms the northernmost 500 miles of Chile, was considered of little worth, and much of It had not been explored. When extensive nitrate deposits were discovered In the Bolivian portion of the coastal strip in the sixties, there was a rush like that to Californias gold fields in 1849. A large proportion of the newcomers were Chll- eans. Friction arose between Chilean mining companies and Bolivian tax collectors, and finally In 1879 war broke out between Chile and Bolivia. Peru was drawn In as an ally of Bod war ran livia, and the on for several years. At its conclusion Chile was completely victorious and extended her boundaries at the expense of the two vanquished countries. Bolivia became the Switzerland of Amerlcu in a double sense ; it Is not only perched high among mountains, but by the loss of its Pacific provinces It became completely landlocked. This mountain country has attempted In recent years to buy from Chile a corridor to the sea .. Since the war of the Pacific, as it was called, Peru has had toward Chile the relations which Italy held toward Austria in the late Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries. Tacna and Arica have constituted Its Peru Irreand all . Its leaders have denta, dreamed of restoring the lost prov- ' , . , ' three-cornere- . . inces. ; , - Economically, Chile has profiled greati'Jr by the war of the Pacific. Out of the former Peruvian province of . Tarapaca and the former Bolivian province of Atacama (now the Chilean Antofagasta) ha.ve been taken since the war nitrates worth many millions of dollars, and much remains to be Valuable deposits of niextracted. trate have come to light, too, in Tacna since the war. The export tax, on nis trates supplies nearly of the income of the government. Incidentally, in Tacna is one of the few areas along this desert portion of the coast capable of producing crops, and the section Is therefore of great strategic value. Thesemre some of the complex factors which make the Tacna-Aric- a problem much more than a mere question whether a plebiscite shall be held to assign the region permanently to either Peru or Chile. . I Santiago the Capital. 1 ' Santiago is the thief city of Chile, but not in the same degree as Buenos Aires is of the , ' Argentine republic. Buenos Aires has become almost the republic itself, in the sense that Paris is France ; but Santiago is but the capital of the country, which has other cities that may compare with It In local Importance. Santiago contrasts , with Buenos Aires as the conservative capital of a small country with the metropolis of the continent. You feel in the Chilean capital the conservative character of the people; in Buenos Aires the liberal spirit of the world city. Valdivia and his successors, the invaders of Chile in the Sixteenth century, were soldiers bent solely on conquest, such as they had taken part in in Peru, for immediate gain ; whereas, the colonists who In successive ditions founded Buenos Aires cams with wives and children, with horses, mures, and implements of husbandry, to settle In the land. Thus there was a marked difference between Chile and Argentina from the beginning. The warring invaders of Chile met and mingled with a warlike Indian race, the Arsucanlans, and their Issue Is without question tlie most Independent, the boldest, the most afywa-t- e of South American peoples. three-fourth- . , , -- |