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Show I H THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Declares America Will Have No Part in the Existing League of Nations. ' i SEPARATE PEACE IS DEMANDED . Calls Upon Congress to Adopt Resolution Ending War With Germany affl Suggests Measures to Lower Taxes and Reduce Prices of s Goods to Consumers. i Washington, April 12. The text of President Hardings message to congress follows: Members of the Congress: You have been called into extraordinary session to give your consideration to national problems far too pressing to Joe long neglected. We face our task of legislation and administration amid conditions as difficult as jur government ever contemplated.. w' Under our political system the people of the United States have charged the new congress and the new administration with the solution the readjustment, reconstruction and restoration whiqh must follow in the wake of war. ' Invite All to Join. . it may be regretted that we were so illy prepared for wars aftermath, so little made ready to return to the ways of peace, but we are not to be discouraged. Indeed, we must be the more firmly resolved to undertake our work with high hope, and invite every factor In our citizenship to join in the effort to find our normal onwtfrd way again. The American people have appraised the situation and with that tol- -' erance and patience which go with understanding they will give to us the influence of deliberate public opinion which ultimately beeoraes the edict of any popular government.. They are measuring some of the stern necessities and will join in the give and take which is so essential to firm reestablishment. Home Problems. 'First in mind must be the solution of our problems at Jiome, even though some phases of them are Inseparably, linked with our foreign relations. The surest procedure in every government is to put its own house in order. I know of no more pressing problem at home than to restrict our national expenditures within the limits of our national' income, and at the, same time measurably lift the burdens of war taxation from the shoulders , ' the American people. One cannot be unmindful that economy is a much employed cry, most freof quently stressed in but it is ours to make it an puroutstanding and pose in both legislation and administration. The unrestrained tendencies to heedless expenditure and the atS tending growth of public indebtedness extending from federal authority to that of state and municipality and including the smallest political subdivision, constitute the most dangerous phase of government today. Nation as Exemplar. The nation cannot restrain except in its own activities, but it can be ememplar in a wholesome reversal. The staggering load of war debt must be cared for in orderly funding and gradual liquidation. We shall hasten the solution and aid effectively in lifting the tax burdens if we strike resolutely at expenditure. It is far more easily said than done. In the ferver of war our expenditures were so little questioned, the emergency was so impelling, appropriation was so unimpeded that we little noted millions and counted the treasury inexhaustible. It will strengthen our resolution if we ever keep in mind that a continuation of such a course means inevitable disaster. Our current expenditures are - running at the rate of approximately a year and the burden is unbearable. There are two agencies to be' employed in correction : One is rigid resistance in appropriation and the other is the utmost economy in administration. Let us have both. I have already charged department heads with this necessity.. I am sure congress will agree ; and both congress and the administration may safely count on the supporf of all right minded citizens, because the burden is theirs. , Thrift For All. The pressure for expenditure, swell.- ing the flow in one locality while draining another, is sure to defeat the imposition of just burdens and the effect of our citizenship protesting outlay will be wholesome and helpful. I wish it might find its reflex in economy and thrift among the people themselves, because therein lies quicker-recove- ry and added security for the fu' ' ture. The estimates of receipts and expenditures and the statements as to the condition of the treasury which the secretary of the treasury is prepared to present to you will indicate what revenues must be provided in order to carry on the governments business and meet Its current requirements and fixed debt charges. Unless there are striking cuts in the important fields of expenditures, receipts - from internal taxes cannot safely be permitted to fall below $4,000,000,000 in the fiscal year 1922 and 1923. . Cost of Living. One who values American prosperity and maintains American standards of wages and living can have no sympathy with the proposal that easy entry and flood of imports will cheapen our costs of living. It is more likely to destroy our capacity to buy. Today American agriculture is menaced and Its products are down to prewar normals, yet we are endangering our fun ever-impelli- , damental industry through the high cost of transportation from farm to market and through the influx of foreign farm products, because we offer, essentially unprotected, the best market in the world. It would be better to err in protecting our basic food industry than paralyze our farm activities in the world struggle for restored exchanges. The maturer revision of our tariff laws should be based on the policy of proselfishness tection, resisting that which turns to greed, but ever concerned with that productivity at home which is the source of all abiding good ' . fortune. To Sell and Buy. It is agreed that we cannot sell un- less we buy, but ability to sell is based on home development and the fostering of home markets. There is little sentiment in the trade of the world. Trade can and ought to be honorable, blit it knows no sympathy. While the delegates of the nations at war were debating peace terms at Paris, and while we later debated our part in completing he peace, commercial agents of other nations were opening their lines and establishing their outlook to the morposts with rows trade. It was wholly proper and has been advantageous to them. Tardy as we are, it will be safer to hold our own markets secure and build thereon for our trade with the world. A very important matter is the establishment of the governments business on a business basis. There was toleration and the easy going, unsystematic method of handling our fiscal alfairs when indirect taxation held the public unmindful of the federal burden. But there is knowledge of the high cost of government today, and the high cost of iiving is Inseparably linkec with high cost of government. There can be no complete correction of the high living cost until governments cost is notably reduced. Budget System. Let me most heartily commend the enactment of legislation providing for the national budget system. Congress has already recorded its belief in the budget. It will be a very great satisfaction to know of its early enactment, so that it may be employed in establishing the economies and business methods so essential to the minimum of expenditure. I have said to the people we meant to have less of government in business as well as more business in government. It is well to have it understood that business has a right to pursue its normal, legitimate and righteous way unimpeded and it ought have no call to meet government competition where all risk is borne by the public treasury. Reducing Costs. There is no challenge to honest and lawful business success. But government approval of fortunate, untrammeled business does not mean toleration of restraint of trade or of maintained prices by unnatural methods. It it well to have legitimate business understand that a just government, mindful of the interests of all the people, has a right to expect the of that legitimate business in stamping out the practices which add to unrest and inspire restrictive legislation. Anxious as we are to restore the onward flow of business, it is fair to combine assurance and warning in one utterance. One condition in the business world may well receive your inquiry. Deflation has been in progress, but has failed to reach the mark where it can be proclaimed to the great mass of consumers. Reduced cost of basic production has been recorded, but high cost of living has npt yielded in like proportion. For example, the prices on grain and livestock have, been deflated, but the cost of butter and meats is not actually reflected therein. It is to be expected that nonperishable staples will be slow in yielding to lowered prices, but the maintained retail costs in perishable' foods cannot be justified. Cause of Trouble. I have asked the federal trade commission for a report on its observations and it attributes in the main the failure to adjust consumers cost to basic production costs to the exchange of information by open price associations, which operate, evidently within the law, to the very great advantage of their members and equal disadvantage to the consuming public.. Without the spirit of hostility or haste in accusation of profiteering, some suitable inquiry by" congress might speed the price readjustment to normal relationship, with helpfulness of both producer and consumer. A measuring rod of fair prices will satisfy the country and give us a business revival to end all depression and unemployment Rail Problem. The great Interest of both the producer and consumer indeed, all our industrial and commercial life from agriculture to finance in the problems of transportation ( will find its reflex in your concern to aid to restore efficiency and bring transportation cost into a helpful relationship rather" than continue it as a hindrance to resumed activities. It is little to be wondered that legislation, the war strain, government operation in heedlessness of cost and the conflicting programs, or the lack of them, for restoration have brought about a most difficult situation, made doubly difficult by the low tide of business. All are so Intimately related that no improvement will be permanent until the railways are operated efficiently at a cost within that which the traffic can bear. Must Reduce Rates. If we can have it understood that congress has no sanction for government ownership, that congress does not levy taxes upon the people to cover deficits in a service which should there will be an be avowed foundation on which, to rebuild. have charges Freight carrying mounted higher and higher until commerce is halted and production discouraged. Railway rates and costs of operation must be reduced. , Congress may well investigate and let the public understand wherein our system and the federal regulations are lacking in helpfulness or hindering in restrictions. The remaining obstacles 1 which are the heritance of capitailstic facilities and designed to further the exchange of messages. exploitation must be removed in and unlabor must .join management To Carry News. Private monopolies tending trf prederstanding that the public which pays is the public to be served and simple vent the development of needed fajustice is the right and will continue cilities should be prohibited. Governto be the right of all the people. ment owned facilities wherever possible without uhduly interfering with Highway Building. Transportation over the highways is private enterprise or government little less important, but the problems needs, should be made available for relate to construction and development general uses. Particularly desirable and deserve your most earnest inten- is the provision of ample cable and tion because we are laying a founda- radio services at reasonable rates for tion for a long time to come and the the transmission of press matter, so creation is very difficult to" visualize that theAmerican reader may. receive a wide range of news and the forin its great responsibilities. The highways are not only feeders eign reader receive full accounts of to the railroads and afford relief from American activities. , their local burdens ; they are .actually The daily press of all countries may lines of motor traffic in interstate well be put in position to contribute commerce They are the smaller ar- to international understanding by the teries of the larger portion of our publication of Interesting foreign commerce and the motor car has be- news. Practical experience demoncome an indispensable instrument in strates the need for effective recogour political, social and industrial life. nition of both domestic and interna- Federal Resistance. There is begun a new era in highway construction, the outlay for which runs far Into hundreds of millions of dollars. Bond Issues by road districts, counties and states amount to enormous figures, and the country is facing such an outlay that it is vital that every effort shall be directed against wasted effort and unjustifiable expenditure. The federal government can place no Inhibition on the expenditure in several- states ; but since congress has embarked upon a policy ' of .assisting the states in highway improvement, wisely, I believe, it can assert a wholly becoming influence in shaping policy. General Supervision. With the principle of federal participation acceptably established, probably never to be abandoned, it is important to exert federal influence in developing comprehensive plans looking to the promotion of commerce and apply-- our expenditures in the Surest way to guarantee a public return for - money expended. Large federal outlay demands a federal voice in the program of expenditure. Congress cannot justify a mere gift from the federal purse to the several states, to be prorated among counties for road bettermpnt. Such a course will invite abuses which it were better to guar against in the beginning. The laws governing federal aid should be amended and strengthened. The federal agency of administration should be elevated to the importance and vested with authority comparable to the work before it. And congress ought to prescribe conditions to federal appropriations which will necessitate a consistent program of uniformity which will Justify the federal outlay.'- Constant Repair. J know of nothing more shocking than the millions of public funds wasted in improved highways, wasted there is no policy of maintenance. The neglect is not universal, but it is very near it. There is nothing congress can do more effectively to end this shocking waste than conde tion ail federal aid on provisions for maintenance. . no matter how generous the outlay for construction, cannot be Highways, maintained without patrol and conSuch conditions insisted upon in the grant of federal pid will safeguard the public which pays and guard the federal government against political abuses, whjch tend to defeat the very purposes for which we authorize federal expenditure. Merchant Marine. Linked with rail and highway is the inproblem of water transportation land, coastwise and transoceanic. It is not possible on this occasion to suggest to congress the additional legislation needful to meet the aspirations of our people for a merchant marine. In the, emergency of war we have constructed a tonnage equaling our largest expectations. Its war cost must be discounted to the actual values of peace and the large difference charged to the war emergency and the pressing task is to turn our assets in tonnage to an agepey of commerce. It is not necessary to say it to congress, but I have thought this to be a befitting occasion to give notice that the United States means to establish and maintain a great merchant marine. Marine Laws. Manifestly if our laws governing American activities on the seas are such as to give advantage to those who compete with us for the carrying of our own cargoes and those which ought naturally to come in American bottoms througu trade exchanges, then the spirit of American fajr play will assert itself to give American carriers their equality of opportunity This republic can never realize its righteous aspirations in commerce, can never be worthy the traditions of the early days of the expanding republic until the millions of tons of shipping which we now possess are coordinated with our inland transportation and our shipping has government encouragement, not government operation, in carrying our cargoes under our flag, over regularly operated routes, to every market in the world, agreeable to American exchanges. It will strengthen American genius and management to have it understood that ours is an abiding determination, because carrying is second only to production in establishing and maintaining the flow of' commerce to which we rightfully aspire. Radio and Cables. It is proper to invite your attention to the Importance of the question ,of radio communication and cables. To meet strategic commercial and political needs, active encouragement should be given to the extension of American owned and operated Cable and radio service. Between the United States and its possessions there should be ample communication facilities providing direct services at reasonable rates. Between the United States and other countries not only should there be adequate, facilities, but thse should be, so far as practicable, direct and free from foreign intermediation. Friendly should be extended to international efforts aimed at encouraging Improvement of international communication stant repair. . - . tional radio operation if this newe1 means of intercommunication is to b fully utilized. Especially' needful the provision of ample radio facilities for those services where radio only can be used, such as communication with ships at sea, .with aircraft and with Out of the way places. International communication by cable and radio requires between the powers concerned. Whatever the degree of control deemed advisable within the United States, government licensing of cable landings and of radio stations transmitting and receiving international traffic, seems necessary for the protection of American interests and for the securing of satisfactory reciprocal privileges. Another Program. Aviation is inseparable from either the army or the navy and the government must, in the interests of national defense, encourage its development for military and civil purposes. Tlie encouragement of the civil development of aeronautics is especially desirable as relieving the government largely of the expense of development and of maintenance of an industry, now almost entirely borne by the government through appropriations for tiie military, naval and postal air service. The air mail service is an important initial step in the direction of coqimercial aviation. It has become a pressing duty of tlie federal government to provide for the regulation - of air nevigation ; otherwise independent and conflicting legislation will be enacted by the various states which will hamper the development of aviation. The national advisory committee for aeronautics, in a special report on this subject, has recommended the establishment of a bureau of aeronautics in the department of commerce for the federal reg' ulation of air navigation, which recommendation ought to have legislative approval., Favors Bureau. I recommend the enactment of legislation establishing a bureau of aeronautics in the navy department to centralize the control of naval activities in aeronautics and removing the restrictions on the personnel detailed to aviation in the navy. The army air service should be continued as a coordinate combatant of the army and its existing organizawith other tion utilized in agencies of the government in the establishment of national transcontinental air ways, and. in with the states in the establishment of local airdromes and landing fields. World War Veterans. The American people expect congress unfailingly to voice the gratitude of the republic in a generous and practical way to its defenders in the World war, who need the supporting arm of the government. Our very immediate concern is for the crippled soldiers and those deeply needing the helping hand of the government. Conscious of the generous Intent of congress and the public concern for the crippled and dependent, I invited the services of a volunteer committee to inquire into the administration of the bureau of war risk insurance, the federal board for vocational training and other agencies of government sailors In caring for the and marines of the World war. This committee promptly reported the chief difficulty to be the imperfect organization of governmental effort, the same lack of coordination which hinders government efficiency in many undertakings, less noticed because the need for prompt service is less apj pealing. This committee has recothmended, and I convey the recommend?. Sms to you with cordial approval, that all government agencies looking to the welmen should be fare of the placed under one directing head, so that the welfare of these disabled survivors of "bur civilization and freedom may have the most efficient direction. It may be well to make such' an official the director general of seA ice to war veterans and place under his direction all hospitalization, vocational training, war insurance, rehabilitation and all pensions. The immediate extension and utilization of the governments hospital facilities in the army and navy will bring relief do the acute conditions most complained of and the hospital building program may be worked out to meet the needs likely to be urgent at the time of possible completion. The whol program requires the most thoughtful attention of congress, for v are embarking on the performance of a sacred obligation which involves the expenditure of billions in y before us. t Congress the must stamp out abuses in the very We ' must strengthen beginning. rather than weaken the moral fiber of the beneficiaries and humanize all efforts so that rehabilitation shall be attended by respiritualization. Public Welfare, i During the recent political canvass the proposal was made that a department of public welfare should be created. It was indorsed and commended so strongly that I venture to call it to your attention and to suggest favorable legislative consideration. Maternity Bill. In the realms of education, public health, sanitation, conditions of workers in industry, child welfare, proper amusement and recreation, the ellml- . half-centur- nation of social vice, and many other the advancement of human activities, subjects, the government' has already among the compensations of peaceful undertaken a cpnsiderable ( ange of ac- achievement. tivities. I assume the maternity bill, To, Keep Pledge. already strongly approved, will be enIn the national referendum to which our acted promptly, thus adding to I have adverted we pledged our efmanifestation of human interest". But forts toward such association, and scatbeen these undertakings hav the pledge will be faithfully kept. In tered through many departments and tlie plight of policy and performance, bureaus without coordination and with we told the American people we meant much overlapping of functions which to seek an early establishment of fritters energies and magnifies the peace. The United Stttes alone among cost. the allied and associated powers continues in a technical ' state of war 'riights of States. In creating such a department it against the central powers of Europe. should be made plain that there is no This anomalous condition ought not I purpose to invade fields which 'the to be permitted to continue. states have occupied. In respect to To establish the state of technical education for example, control and ad- peace without further delay, I should ministration have rested with the approve a declaratory resolution by states, yet the federal government has congress to that effect, with the qualialways aided them. "National appro- fications essential to protect all our priations in aid of educational pur- rights. Such action would be the simposes the last fiscal year were no less plest keeping of faith with ourselves, than $65,000,000. and could in no sense be construed as a desertion of those with whom we Halt Lynchings. Somewhat related to the foregoing shared our sacrifices in war, for these human problems is the race question. powers are already at peace. To Declare Peace. Congress ought to wipe the1 stain of Such a resolution should undertake barbaric lynching from the banners of a free and orderly, representative to do no more than thus to declare the democracy. We face the fact that state of peace, which all America many millions of people of African de- craves. It must add no difficulty in scent are numbered among our popu- effecting, with just reparations, the lation, and that in a number of states restoration for which all Europe they constitute a very large proportion yearns, and upon which the worlds of the total population. It is unneces- recovery must be founded. Neither sary to recount the difficulties incident former enemy nor ally can mistake to this condition, nor to emphasize the Americas position, because our attifact that it is a condition which can- tude as to the responsibility for the war and the necessity for just reparanot be removed. tions already has had formal and very Appropriation Bills. It is needless to call your .attention earnest expression. ' It would be unwise to undertake to to the unfinished business inherited from the preceding congress. The ap- make a statement of policy with rea propriation bills for army and navy spect to European affairs in such declaration of a state of peace. In will have your early consideration. failure of the executive in Neither branch of the government can be unmindful of the call for re- negotiating the most important treaty ' duced expenditure for these depart- in the history of the nation to recog- - . ments of our national defense. The nize the constitutional powers of the government is in accord with the wish senate, we would go to the other exto eliminate the burdens of heavy treme, equally objectionable, if conarmament. The United States ever gress or the senate should assume the will be in harmony with such a move- function of the executive. Our highment toward the higher attainments of est duty is the preservation of the constituted powers of each, and the .4 peace. promotion of the spirit of Need of Defense. But we shall not entirely discard so essential to our common welfare. Save Parts of Treaty. our agencies for defense until there is It would be idle to declare for sepremoved the need to defend. We are with other nations arate treaties of peace with the cenready to to approximate disarmament, but tral powers on the assumption that merest prudence forbids that we dis- these alone would be adequate, because the situation is so Involved that arm alone. The naval' program, which had its our peace engagements cannot ignore beginning in what seemed the highest the old world relationship and the setassurance of peace, can carry no threat tlements already effected, nor is it deafter the latest proof of our national sirable to do so in preserving our own unselfishness. The reasonable limita- rights and contracting our future retion of personnel may be combined lationships. The wiser course would seem to be with economies of administration to the acceptance of the confirmation of lift the burdens of excessive outlay. The war department is reducing the our rights and interests already propersonnel of the army from the maxi- vided and to engage under tire existing mum provided by law in June, 1920, to treaty, assuming, of course, that this the minimum directed by congress in a can be satisfactorily accomplished, by subsequent enactment. When further such explicit reservations and modifireduction Is compatible with national cations as will secure our absolute security, it may well have the sanc- freedom from inadvisable committion of congress, so that a system oi ments and safeguard all our assential voluntary military training may offer interests. For Accomplishment. to our young manhood the advantages Neither congress nor the people need of physical development, discipline and commitment to service and constitute my assurance that a request to negothe army reserve in return for the tiate treaties of peace would be as training. ' superfluous and unnecessary as it is ' End of the War. technically ineffective, and I know in Nearly two and a half years ago my own heart there is none who would the World war came to an end, and yet wish to embarrass the executive in we find ourselves today in the tech- the performance of his duty when we nical state of warL though actually at are all so eager to turn disappointpeace, while Europe is at technical ment and delay into gratifying accompeace, 'although far from tranquility plishment. and little progressed toward the hoped Keeping Vision Clear. for restoration. ,We must not allow our vision to It iM becomes us to express impa- be impaired by the conflict among tience that the European belligerents ourselves. The weariness at home and are not yet in full agreement, when we the disappointment to the world have ourselves have been unable to bring been compensated in the proof that constituted authority irtto accord in this republic will surrender none of our own relations to the formally pro- the heritage of nationality, but our claimed peace. rights in international relationship have to be asserted; they require esRejects the League. Little avails in reciting the causes tablishment in compacts of amity ; our of delay in Europe on "our own failure part in readjustment and restoration to agree. But there is no longer ex- cannot be ignored,-- and must be decuse for uncertainties respecting sorqe fined. With the supergoverning league phases of our foreign relationship. In the existing league of nations, world definitely rejected and with the world governing with its super powers, this so informed, and with the status of republic will have no part. There can peace proclaimed at home, we may be no misinterpretation, and there will proceed to negotiate the covenanted be no betrayal of the deliberate ex- relationships so essential to the recogpression of the American people in nition of all the rights everywhere of the recent elections and settled in our our own nation and play our full part decision for ourselves, it is only fair in joining the peoples of the world in to say to the world in general, and to the pursuits of peace xmee more. Our our associates in war in particular, obligations in effecting European that the league covenant can have no tranquility because of wars involvements are not less impelling than our sanction by us. The aim to associate nations to pre- part in the war itself. This restoravent war, preserve peace and promote tion may be wrought before the human civilization our people most cordially procession can go onward again. We applauded. We yearned for this new can be helpful because we are moved Instrument of justice, but we can have by no hatreds and harbor no fears. no part in a committal to an agency of Helpfulness does not mean entangleforce in unknown contingencies; we ment, and participation in economic can recognize no super authority. adjustments does not mean sponsorManifestly the highest purpose of ship for treaty committments which the league of nations was defeated in do not concern us and in which we linking it .with the treaty of peace and null have no part. Advice of Senate. making it the enforcing agency of the victors of the war. International asIn an all impelling wish to do the sociation for permanent peace must be most and best for our own republic conceived solely as an instrumentality and maintain its high place among naof justice, unassociated with the pas- tions and at the same time make the sions of yesterday and not so consti- fullest offering of justice to them, I tuted as to attempt the dual func- shall invite in the most practical way tions of a 'political Instrument of the the advice of the senate, after acconquerors and of an agency of peace. quainting it with all the conditions to There can be no prosperity for the be met and obligations to be disfundamental purpose sought to be charged, along with our own rights to achieved by any such association so be safeguarded. Prudence in making long as it is an organ of any particu- the program and confident lar treaty, or committed to the atit effective cannot lead us tainment of the special aims of any far astray. We can render no effector nation ive service to humanity until we prove group of nations. ' anew our own capacity for Association of Nations. In the coordination of powers conThe American aspiration, indeed, the world aspiration, was an associa- templated in the constitution and noi tion of nations, based upon the appli- covenants which ignore our associacation of justice and right, binding us tions in the war can be made for the, in conference and for the future. More, no helpful society of prevention of war and pointing the nations can be founded on Justice and way to a higher civilization and in- committed to peace until the coveternational fraternity In which all the nants reestablishing peace are sealed1 world might share. by the options which were at war. To such accomplishments In relecting the league covenant and to the ef peace and. uttering that rejection to our people, complete and to the world, we make no sur- its contracted relationships, to the render of our hope and aim for an realization of our aspirations for na- - ' association to promote peace in which tions associated for world helpfulness we would most heartily join. We wish without world government, for EWorld it' to be conceived in peace and dedi- stability on which humanitys hopes cated to peace, and will relinquish no are founded, we shall address oureffort to bring the nations of the world selves, fully mindful of the high privInto uch fellowship, not in the sur- ilege and the paramount duty, of the, render of national sovereignty, but re- United States in this critical period o I joicing in a nobler exercise of it in the world. ' . t I i |