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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH i SUREST WAY TO ROOTS OF TOMATOES HATCH TURKEYS en Is Faithful if Is Given Proper Management and Free From Vermin. Kept S-- i CLEANLINESS IS dests Hollowed Out on Ground, Covered With Stra and Carefully Protected Are Ideal Exercise Is Imperative. Plants Serve to Carry Ailment Over From Year to Year in Absence of Potatoes Other Plants Suspected. (Preoared by the United States Depart- ment ol Agriculture.) Recent Investigations made by the United States Department of Agriculture on the control of the potato wart disease, a European trouble found in this country in 1918, disclosed the fact 1 wart-infeste- d neans, United States Department of kgriculture poultry specialists say, is x use the turkey hen and give her roper management. Turkey liens are .lose sitters and will cover, so there vIU be no danger of chilling, from 15 iO 18 .eggs, depending on the size of lie ben. Nests for setting turkey and chlck-hens are best made on the ground ty hollowing out a little earth, so that die center Is deep enough to keep the iggs from rolling out of the nest. A diin covering of clean straw or hay :an then be used to prevent the eggs !rom being directly on the ground, ind a large, roomy coop should be placed over the nest to keep the hen When a numfrcjjn being disturbed. ber of hens are to be set, a long row f nests can easily be made on the round, separating ihem with board partitions. If this is done care must v e taken to see that when the hens come off the nests each returns to the right one Instead of crowding Into a sest with another lien and leaving tome of the eggs to become chilled. With only a few hens It Is better to et them some distance apart, as they will then require less attention. When a Hen's in Earnest When a hen becomes broody and ihows that she is earnest by remaining on her nest for two or three lights, she may safely be trusted with the eggs, provided she is allowed to lit In that nest. If she is to be set in another nest, as is usually the case, theu she should be removed to the aew nest, preferably after dark, given a few nest eggs, and shut in to prevent her from returning to the- ojd one. If she sits quietly on the nest eggs she should be taken off on the evening of the following day, and the eggs to be Incubated placed in the nest. On being freed, she probably will return to her old nest; If so, shs thould be carried back and set quiet - Large Roomy Coop Should Bo Used Over Turkey Hen ' While Sh It 8ltting. ly on the eggs. She should be handled in this manner until on being let off she returns to the new nest rather than to the old one. It sometimes takes only two or three days, .ind seldom more than a week, to break a hen from returning to lier old nest. Turkey hens do not ordinarily come off for feed and water more than once every two or three days, but when confined they should have a chance to come off every day. Occasionally a turkey hen does not Come off at all, and in such case she should be taken off once a day, as otherwise she will die on the nest On coming off lier nest the first thing a turkey hen does is to stretch her wings, step gingerly for a few steps, and then she often takes a running start and flies for a short distance. Exercise of this- sort helps greatly to keep a sitting hen in good condition, and for this reason it is not well to confine her to a small space. A dust bath Is greatly enjoyed by sit- ting hens, and helps to keep them free from vermin. . Whole corn is a good feed, and fresh water and grit should always be accessible. Lice are a great annoyance to sitting hens, and are one of the worst enemies of young poults. To prevent ' their getting a start, the hen should be dusted thoroughly with sodium fluoride or some good lice powder before she Is placed on the nest. The nesting material should he kept clean, -and if the eggs become dirty they should be washed with a soft cloth dipped In lukewarm water. Just before the poults are to hatch, the old nesting material should be replaced with clean straw. Incubation Period. ( The incubation period of turkey eggs is 28 days. The first egg is usualpart of the ly pipped during the-fi- rst twenty-seventday, the first poult hatched by the middle of that day, and the hatch completed at the end of 28 days, although In extreme cases all the poults are not hatched before the end of 30 days. Turkey eggs are tested for fertility and for dead germs, as a rule, on the tenth and twentieth days. . h three-quarte- Affected by the United States Department of Agriculture.) that this disease also attacks tomatoes. Chickeu lieus and incubators can be Out of 28 varieties of tomatoes planted tnd often are used successfully for 'in gardens in eastern latching turkey eggs, but the surest in 1920, 20 were found to Prepared n Injury Probably Does Not Reduce Yield of Fruit. ESSENTIAL Pennsylvania be susceptible to the disease. Wart is a very serious disease of potatoes, causing practically a total loss in badly infested soil. It attacks the tubers, causing warty outgrowths, which may practically cover or consume the potatoes. Its present known occurrence In the United States Is con- ' ASIATIC PROVINCE OF ANCIENT GREECE The province of Smyrna, on the coast Of Asia Minor, was placed un- der Greek administration following the World war, and lias been the scene recently of fighting between Greek and Turkish nationalist forces. The basis for Greek claims to the Smyrna district in Asia Minor is put pithily in a statement which former Premier Venizelos of Greece is reported to have made to the supreme council of the allies. We seek "no mandate, we seek to enter our home. Smyrna, and the remainder of the west coast of Asia Minor, which have been accepted as Turkish with little question for many generations, had a Greek civilization and culture when the ancestors of the Turks, nomads, were still wandering with their flocks over the bleak steppes of central Asia. The portion of the province - of Smyrna which has been occupied by Greek forces comprises roughly old Ionia, a country which was as purely Greek as Attica Itself, and parts of Aeolls, another Greek country adjoining Ionia on the north. Greeks, possibly from Crete or other islands of the Aegean, are supposed to have settled in Ionia shortly after the Trojan war. The cities which they built In this favored land of sunny mountain slopes, fertile valleys, and good harbors were thriving and wealthy marts of trade and centers of culture eight hundred years or more before the time of Christ, when they are first heard of in recorded history. is one of the cities Smyrna which claims to be the birthplace of Homer, and tradition even points out a cave near the city in which he is said to have composed many of his poems. Sappho was born in Asiatic Greece and mirintalned a school in one of its ' cities! Sculpture, painting, and practically every phase of the Greek art which has delighted later generations and served as their models had its beginning in Asiatic Ionia, and flourished there before coming to full flower in Athens and the other cities of European Greece. Ephesus, where that world wonder, the temple of Diana stood, was not far from the present city of Smyrna, and a- dozen more of the great cities of the early Greeks were v near by. The modern province of Smyrna" is the most favored of all the provinces of Asia Minor. It contains three of the most considerable, rivers of the country, including the Meander, whose serpentine course has given the English language an expressive verb. Fertile soil and temperate climate have added to the regions attractions, while the possession of a port and city the city of Smyrna uneqnaled by any other In Asia Minor has contributed another immeasurably important asset. Though Imperfectly tilled during its control by Turkey, the province of Smyrna has nevertheless been noted for its fine fruits. For a long time It has furnished the best figs and raisins which reach the markets of Europe. half-civiliz- ' . . There Is Much Satisfaction in Producing Tomatoes of the Finest Quality. fined to- gardens in a few mining villages In Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Maryland, from which its spread is restricted by state quarantine laws. The disease attacks only the stems and roots of the tomato plant, causing small warts; it probably does not reduce the yield of fruit. The importance of the discovery of the susceptibility of tomatoes to potato w'art lies in the fact that affected tomato plants will serve to carry the disease over from year to year In the absence of potatoes, and to Introduce It Into new localities through the transplanting of tomato seedlings grown in infested soil. It Is not yet known definitely whether all varieties of tomatoes are susceptible to the wart disease, but it is feared that such may be the case. Other plants belonging to the potato family are suspected of being susceptible to wart, and some of these have been tested, but with Inconclusive results. These tests will be repeated. j GOOD INCUBATION HINTS J Follow the manufacturers di- - J rectlons In setting up and oper- - t atlng an Incubator. See that the ' Incubator runs t steadily at the desired tempera- J i J t J j J J t J J I j J T ture before filling It with eggs. Do not add fresh eggs to a tray t containing those which are un- t dergoing incubation. Turn the eggs twice dally aft: J er the second and until the nine- teenth day. Turn them before J caring for the lamps. Cool them once dally, according to the J weather, during this period. Attend to the machine care- - ! fully at regular hours. Keep the lamp and wick clean. Test the eggs on the seventh J and fourteenth days. Do not open the machine aft- - J er the eighteenth day until the J chickens are hatched. mm mm mm mmm f m BEST TIME TO CUT COWPEAS Most Desirable Quality of Hay Produced if Cut When Pods Are Full-Gro- and Matured. duced and the hay cures most readily if the vines are cut when most of the pods are full grown and a considerable number of them are mature. .At that stage of growth none of the best hay varieties will have dropped their leaves and the plants will have practically attained their full growth. OF FARM HUDSON BAY: WHERE U. S. NAVAL BALLOONISTS ALIGHTED In coming to earth near Moose Factory, at the southernmost "point of Hudson Bay, pilots of the United States naval balloon which in the closing days of 1920 was blown from New York city to the frozen North in relatively a few hours, stumbled on a country rich in the history and traditions of the picturesque old Hud- sons Bay company. Hendrick Hudson Henry Hudson to his Dutch employers was responsible, strangely enough, for putting ou the map both the starting and ending point of this recent chance balloon trip. In 1C09 he anchored his famous Half Moon close to the present location of New Yorks Goddess of Liberty, and the following year, still searching for the elusive Northwest Passage, he sailed into Hudson Bay and followed its eastern shore south to near the present Moose Factory. It was there in James Bay, the shallow southern a mi of Hudson- Bay, that Henry Hudson suffered the keenness of disappointment that can come only to the worlds great dreamers. His dream was to" find a passage to the South Sea, and therefore a short cut to India. - When he sailed into Hudson Bay and found that it was a great body of water he was sure his dream was about to be realized. But when he reached the shallow James Bay, and nosing across found that there was a great west coast to the great expanse of water, ills dream came to an end. It was on the shores of James Bay that Hudson and his surly crew wintered following his discovery, and only a short distance to the north that the great explorer met his. tragic end next spring, when, bound by mutineers, he was set adrift in a small boat with a handful of sick men, to . As a rule cowpeas should not be cut for hay before the pods begin to turn yellow. The best quality Is pro- IMPORTANCE Trading to Hudsons Bay," which curved dominion for Great Britain across North America, established its first post near Moose Factory signed its soon after King Charles charter in 1070 and blithely made its true and absolute lords" members .of a continent, vestof ed them with trading monopolies, rights to puss laws and impose punishments, and even gave them power peoples. to make war oh During the three and a half centuries since that time Moose Factory hns remained one of the important posts of the Hudsons Bay company, gathering a rich harvest of furs.. It was the scene of many raids and counter raids in the early days between the French and the companys employees. turers WART DISEASE HITS DIARY Among Other Things It Will Prevent Paying Same Bill Twice if Record Is Made. A farm diary may save paying the same bill twice, since it may be used as a record of all credit business done by the farm. Specialists of the United States Department of Agriculture sug- perish. The Company of Gentlemen Adven gest that blank pages In the back of the diary be used for such accounts. WHERE CHINAWARE COMES FROM al plants using different methods were erected in Fort Worth, Texas, to treat the gas of the Petrolla field ; and some months later a third plant, using a still different method, was erected in the field itself. As the apparatus used in all the processes of extracting helium gas for balloon purposes requires rather delicate adjustment and manipulation some time was naturally consumed in determining the most efficient working conditions; but just prior to the armistice the first shipment of 150,000 cubic feet of helium, compressed and stored insteel tanks, had been started to Europe. This was enough to fill four of the ordinary- kite balloons, though large dirigibles require one to two million or more cubic feet of gas. Although quantity production of helium was achieved just too late to he of value in the actual hostilities, it wns in itself a great accomplishment,, for tlie worlds total output of helium up to 1915 was probably less than 100 cubic feet, the market value of which was about $1,700 a cubic foot.'' Our lielium can be produced by the first two methods developed at less than 10 cents a cubic .foot, and if the third process fulfills expectations, tliis figure will be still further reduced. The details of the process' of extracting helium are highly technical, but the general scheme is easily unAil of the main constituderstood. ents of natural gas, including the nitrogen, become liquefied when cooled to tabout minus 328 degrees, Fahrenheit ; but the helium remains a gas at this exceedingly low temperature and Is thus easily separated. - possibly a stranger city to the average Americau, needs It is the only this introduction; home of chinaware. It is the subject of the following communication to the National Geographic society from Frank B. Leuz: The greatest industrial city of China is not one of the treaty ports, where the direct Influence of western progress is constantly felt, but a bustling interior city of Kiangsi province This is the famous porcelain and pottery center of the nation indeed, it is the original home of the porcelain industry of the world. There are few cities In America or Europe that are so completely given over to a single industry as this one. , Chinaware! What does the word JEWS AND THE WORLD connote? It is simply a ware made WAR of clay and named for the country that first produced it. Whether it be The development of Palestine under a green tile from a temple roof, a dish, Its administration as a Jewish homea vase, or a painted ornament from land renews interest in the part a wealthy Celestials home, it all has played by Jews in the late war and a traceable connection with how the war affected them. In a With the Chinese, conimuuication to .the National Geoand porcelain are synonymous. graphic society, former President Wil(Town of Scenic liam Howard Taft gays: One-hathe Jews of the world Virtue) is one of the four largest towns (as distinguished from" cities) have had to beHr Its miseries, its cruelof China. Technically, it Is a town, ties, its sufferings. They lived in the because it has no walL In reality it theater of war between Russia and is a busy industrial city of 300,000 Germany and Austria. In tills region, of whom are en- almost without ceasing, the campaign people, gaged in the manufacture and sale of continued. The Russians laid waste porcelain. Romantically, it is a city the country in order to embarrass to stir mens souls. Longfellow, in their pursuing enemies, and between his Keramos, speaks of it. the two armies the population, of The geographical location of which the Jews were a large part, sufChing-teh-che- Ching-teh-che- - Ching-teh-cheChing-teh-che- "Ching-teh-che- n n lf two-thir- Ching-teh-che- n . is not accidental. It fered untold horrors, became the pottery center of the counAs soon as the war came on, as try centuries ago because of the enor- soon as mobilizations were Initiated, mous quantities of excellent clay In Germany and Austria, on the one the district around Po Yang Lake. hand, and Russia, on the other, vied More than a dozen kinds of excellent with each other In a cultivation of of the Poles and the Jews. the good-wiclay are found in the neighborhood of the lake. Russia promised that an autonoAfter the clays are thoroughly mous Poland would be created from cleansed, sifted, and refined they are all three of the Incomplete tribal' diskneaded together In varying propor- tricts of the partitioned kingdom. tions, usually by a boy, Some of the leaders of the Austrian ll bare-foote- d until they are ready for the potter. The wet lump of clay Is then placed on the knob of the potters wheel. The potters wheel, which was invented by the Chinese, Is a huge circular machine, about four feet in diameter, made of heavy timbers to lend it momentum. It rests on a perpendicular axis in a slight depression, or pit, into which water and debris rapidly drain. The potter is perched above the wheel, with one foot on either side, in order to allow sufficient space for the movement of his hands. After revolving the wheel swiftly with a short pole, he deftly and with mechanical precision fashions a plate, bowl, or vase. After years of practice he can estimate to within a hair's breadth the proper size. The piece is then" removed and placed on a long tray In front of the potter where it awaits the next Handles and other decorartisan. ations, made In molds, are added, and then the, whole Is scraped smooth and allowed to dry until it Is ready for decthe next process the tinder-glaz- e oration. Several basic colors, like blue and red, can be painted on under the glaze. The glaze is next applied in various government announced an Intention of giving autonomy to Galicia. When the war came to an- end, tremendous governmental changes occurred In the countries where the Jews are so greatly congested. The dreadful destruction of life, the necessity for rehabilitation of these countries where the war raged with such violence and destruction, must necessarily give greater economic value' to every man who survives. The loyalty which the Jews have shown to their respective governments In these countries under a most trying ordeal ought to impress their governments with the claim that they make to equal treatment. If education and opportunity and freedom and equality are extended to them In the next generation, the traits to which objection has sometimes been made will become less and less and Russias great doconspicuous, main, which needs people of energy, people of keenness, people of enterprise, people experienced lh trade, people of financial genius, will find a benefit In the presence of the Jews. From the East End of New York and through centers of population in this country where Jews are gathered, by the million and hundreds of thouways by dipping, bf blowing on with sands, come the youth of the race a tube, or by sprinkling. After the who soon manifest a spirit of Amermark has been added the piece' Is icanism and get on. ready for the furnace." They cultivate little or no solidarity In politics, and they manifest - a disposition to disintegrate as a comTHE ROMANCE OF HELIUM munity. ' They retain a loyalty to the A group of United States balloon- race, but not a strict adherence to the ists recently left for Italy to bring Ceremonial, and they intermarry with ' , back a huge dirigible balloon, pur- Gentiles. of the to Jews The a in countries form world, chased by the government part of our fighting equipment. Ad- where they have had equal opportunidition of this great flying ship to our ties, have won their way not only to air navy" will probably call into great' financial power, but to places use helium gas, one of the materials of commanding Influence in Journalwhich chemists, urged on by the needs ism, in the professions, and in busiof the World war, produced in large ness., They have retained always an quantities where only infinitesimal acute interest in the welfare of their erf! "amounts were available before. religionists throughout the world. Their Helium, this new incombustible bal- religious training has Inculcated In loon gas, so called because it was them the duty of charity to all Jew discovered on the sun 30 years before and Gentile. , The result of - the war and the it was identified on earth, which promises to revolutionize the science of bal- breaking np of Russia and the giving rein to the, principle of looning, is the subject of the followto the National of racial units have created ing communication Geographic society by Dr. G. Sher- a number of independent European ' states In central and eastern Europe. burne Rogers : When the. United States joined the Of these, the Baltic provinces and Poallies, the military value of helium land, as well as the Czecho-Slova- k v as at once brought to the attention state and the Jugo-SIa- v state, have of the army and navy authorities, and many Jewish citizens. In addition to a vigorous campaign was begun for this, the Greater Roumania, is anthe production of helium in quanti- other state which has many Jewish ' citizens. ties. ' m "The two main problems were ob!The German treaty specifically provious : first to develop methods of vides that the five great powers shall extracting helium from natural gas; make future treaties with Poland and state securand, second, to determine the geologic with the Czecho-Slova- k occurrence of the gas, and so to locate ing the religious liberties of the people who constitute a minority In those adequate supplies. Late in 1917 two small experiment states. . . DAIRY HINTS WORK OF BULL ASSOCIATIONS Largest Increase Noted Since Work Was Inaugurated and Improve, ment in Herds Seen. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) The number of active, bull associations Increased from 78 on July 1, 1919, to 123 on June SO, 1920. This Is the largest increase since the work was begun by the United States Department of Agriculture, and is partly due to the momentum gained during the A Good Type of Dairy Bull Such as Bull Associations Use. preceding year, when the first real efwas made to extend the work. . Eighteen of the new associations are in South Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi, where a large part of the active field work has been done by the extension men. Reports from the associations which have been in operation for a fairly long time show that the bull association is fulfilling its purpose of Improving the herds and that the daughters of association bulls have generally excelled their dams in milk and butterfat production. In one Maryland association 21 daughters of association bulls excelled their dams in yearly production by an average of 963 pounds of milk and 44 pounds of butterfat. fort STERILIZING MILK BOTTLES Thorough Washing, Steaming and Drying Produces Sterile Con- - . Only tainer for . Milk. Too much emphasis cannot be given to the fact that only thorough washing, steaming and drying produces a sterile container for milk and that milk should not be allowed in any other than a sterile container at any time, and particularly If the milk has been pasteurized or otherwise heated. The washing and sterilizing of returned empty milk bottles to a city milk plant constitutes a big problem. Bottles are received In varying conditions of cleanliness and from the many and varied sources of collection, and It becomes somewhat of an accomplishment to 'make them sterile containers for milk. v The Inoculation from the empty bottle can be reduced to a minimum by thorough washing, steaming and draining, and as this is possible and highly important from a health point of view no other method should be . tolerated. Placing pasteurized milk in a bottle which has not been sterilized Just previously lessens the efficiency of the pasteurizing process and helps to de- -' feat Its purposes. . CHEESE INDUSTRY IN SOUTH Becoming Noteworthy Factor in Dairying, Particularly in North Caro- . lina and Tennessee. In the South, particularly in North Carolina ahd Tennessee, the cheese Industry is becoming a noteworthy factor In dairying, following the Introduction of successful methods of cheese . making developed by the United States Department of Agriculture. In each of these states two new factories were established during last year with the help of the dairy division specialists of the department. The Grove City creamery. Grove City, Pa., conducted under the direction of the dairy division, continues to manufacture foreign types of cheese by methods developed in the laboratory of that division. The production of Roquefort, Swiss and Camem-be- rt cheese during the year exceeded 130,000 pounds. DAIRY u BULL FOR COMMUNITY c , Farmers Should Organize Themselves and Raise Sufficient Money to Secure Good Animal. In communities where there are no good dairy bulls, the farmers should organize themselves and raise enough money-t- o buy and pay expenses in the upkeep of a good bull. If possible the bull should be used as a community free service bull." This method has been tried out In many sections and Is giving satisfaction. BEST DEVELOPMENT OF COWS - , f Fsed Is About as Important as Breed In Creating More . Highly Developed Animal. , Feed, as a source of development, la about as important as breed, not In creating Impossibilities, but in bettering the possible; so that the heifer, if well bred, if well and properly frfd, and with dlscrlmininatlng judgment will be a more highly developed cow. |