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Show PIUTE COUNTY NEWS, JUNCTION, UTAH Balkans Under Bandit Spell & Daring of These Outlaws Is Celebrated in Song and Story. there was doubt that the trestles would boar up the loaded train. On the second day out of Trieste, when we had left Nish behind and were passing through the heart of Vienna. Vienna was still thrilled Macedonia, the passengers were just !y the spectacular trial of Mcnda rising from tlielr berths when the train Carniciu, a young Macedonian girl, suddenly stopped. My companion, an Armenian merchant of Salonikl, who, at the opera last May, killed r To-do- Penizza, u notorious Balkan bandit chief, when news Issued from Orcece that the Brabanls and Yngou-librigand bands that for years terrorized the Inhabitants of Mount Olympus, bad been wiped out. The heads of the leaders, on which a total of 10,000,000 drachmas had been set. were taken to Katerinl, a provincial cupital, and exhibited to the public. Reports of Balkan outlawry appear s, so frequently In the newspapers a casual reader might conclude that that soulheastern Europe was largely populated by brigands. He would not be far wrong, for In that part of the world banditry is an am lent institution with firm roofs in the customs of the people, and if every one Is not n bandit, all are at least potential bandits. Once upon a time there was n bandit." It is with this phrase that mc-- t of the bedtime stories In the Balkans begins. The bandit Is ulso the hero of Innumerable At the Milage feasts, when the wine starts Towing, tales of his strength and bravery are chanted to the monotonous tones of reed pipe nod drum. The boys of Sofia, Monnstlr, Salonlld and Athens do not enviously read of anperdef eetlves lllco Nick Carter or eu pernthletes like Dick Merrhvell. The thin, volumes which they cleverly hide In their geographies and readers and ravenously devour while an unsuspecting teacher thinks they are following the lesson contain stories of superbandits. Athletes like Babe Ruth, Hod Grange, Jack Dempsey and Innvo Nurmi would mean nothing to the Balkan youth who dreams of emulating the exploits of Condjlls or Tudor Alexandra!?. Condy-II- s rose from a cniniladjl chief, fighting the Turks and Bulgars In Macedonia to minister of In Greece, and Todor Alexmidroff, all hough only a bandit lender, made nnd unmade prime ministers in Bulgarin. Some Are Political Heelers. In truth, banditry ranks high as a profession In the Balkans, its practitioners win power, wealth, fume and sometimes death. They are ubiquitous and of two distinct types political and nonpolitical. The former are usually members of rev olntlonnry committees ami are called comitndjis, which moans committeemen. They are especially active In border provinces and usually receive secret support from the unions Balkan governments. There are different groups with different political ends, hut all" plunder unmercifully the native peasants, shepherds and merchants. In many parts of Macedonia they carry on an underground government, lev lag taxes, dispensing justice nnd conscripting recruits, 'those who refuse to submit to their d ctates are punished by instant death. Therefore they inspire fear in the hearts of the populace. An experience 1 had on my way across the Balkans to Turkey vividly demonstrates this fact. At Trieste in the spilng of 1020 I boarded the Orient Express for Constantinople. 'the country we rode through still bore the signs of war. The bridges were Mown up and temporary strin fares of woo l had been built to take the place of the old steel or stone. Passengers were ordered to got out and walk across these, us looked out tho window and gazed down along the track ahead. He Immediately drew In Ids head, and, greatly excited, shouted, Comltadjis Hurriedly he took a wallet from hl3 coat pocket and hid It under the mattress of his berth, nnd opening a suitcase he removed n packet of papers which he threw Into the waste-paof the wash basin. ! A Knock on the Door. Wondering what had so terrified my I looked out myself and saw massed before the locomotive a group of men In ragged uniforms nnd armed with rifles unshaven nnd fierce looking fellows. I recalled reading only a few weeks before that the orient lmd been held up in Macedonia by a band of Bulgarian comitndjis, (he passengers robbed und a number of Kerbs taken off nnd held for ransom; and I was silently thankful that, except for a few French francs to pay for meals in tho dining car, all my funds wero In a letter of credit negotiable only by myself; that my watch was of the dollar sort, and flint I was not a promising candidate for ransom. The train began to meve, the comltadjis scrambled aboard. tnctics In Macedonia, I decided, differ from those in vogue In America. Dim memories of Jesse James und the more recent Impression of the movies told me that the standard American method wns to line up the passengers along the track nnd go through their pockets. Also a special detachment of bandits, I recalled, usually went aboard the halted train nnd rifled the baggage. The train rapidly gained full speed, and my companion nnd I snt down on the lower bank of the eompji tnient and waited for the comltadjis to come and search us. In a hoarse whisper tie said: "They are terrible men! 'they may kill us!" There came a knock on the door. The merchant was speechless with fright. Yes! What Is it?" Tedt dejeuner est servl," came back the reply. The dining car pokier was announcing breakfast. Smoke-RooGossip Not Fanciful. Out in the corridor was a dapper Serbian lieutenant with monocle ami rMing stock. He greeted me W'itli a pleasant "Bon jour," and said lie was commanding the detachment of soldiers which had just boarded the train and would accompany It to the Bulgai inn frontier. The government at Belgrade had taken this precaution against coinitadji attacks ever since tho express had been held up two weeks before. On hearing this the Armenian smiling sheepishly, took his wallet from under the mattress nnd put it back in bis pocket, and removed (he packet of papers, slightly damp but otherwise uninjured, from the waste pan. Iiis mistake was natural, as the roles of coinitadji and soldier in this corner of Europe are often inter; hangeuble. During the remainder of the journey to Constantinople the passengers talked of nothing but bandits; bandits who had become generals, provincial governors, ami even prime ministers, and a Serb boasted that his king was the descendant of a famous bgund of tlio early Nineteenth century whose name was Kara (Black) George, from fellow-travele- r, Ex-pres-s whom the ruling family of Yugoslavia takes Its name of ICarageorgavic. Kara George fought the Turks with much the same tactics as the Bulgarian comitadjis use against the Serbs In Macedonia today. Every passenger seemed to have had at least one experience with bandits. All had been shot at, some had been Not wounded, abducted, ransomed. to be outdone, I told them of the ex ploits of the gunmen of my native New York and let them believe that I was personally acquainted with the most notorious. All this talk, Instead of making the bandits seem more real, made me feel ns If they were of the same nature as ghosts. On arriving at Staniboul, however, news that two Near East relief workers whom I was to visit In Cilicia had been murdered a few days before by Turkish chet tabs (brigands In peace and Irregulars In war) made the bandits again realistic. Kingdoms for Strong Arms. It Is only a few months ago that the Greek Island of Samos, off the west coast of Asia Minor, fell into the bands of two notorious brigands, the Gaga-de- s brothers, and their followers. This exploit brought to mind the days when any daring adventurer could have had a kingdom In the Aegean for the courage and skill to seize It. In the Fifteenth century, before the Turks won control of the whole eastern Mediterranean, all the Islands In this corner of the world, as well as tho greater part of what Is now Greece, were ruled by barons counts, dukes and princes, who usual ly were nothing but glorified brigands, often fugitives from Justice in their native lands In western Europe. Still earlier many n farm lad who had come to the Levant as a Crusader remained to rule over an opal Isle or a rocky peninsula. And even under the Turk a few intrepid souls succeeded in maintaining their supremacy In remote places where the sultan ruled nominally, but vvlitre his officials never penetrated to return alive. This tradition of banditry, built up through centuries, stlli lives In the Aegean, although the modern bandit Is seldom able to carry out an exploit In the grand manner. The Gagades brothers succeeded In holding Samos for only a few days. TvVo Greek battleships were sent from Pirueus to oust them. Faced with guns, the brigands were forced to take to the mountains with all the occupants of the locul jail, whom they had liberated on their first day In power. New York Times. UV-ZOl A Rfieostat V - K ' Diagram Showing UV201A Tube Connected for the Purpose of the Filament. Flashing" so-call- S. B.f exhausted as fast ns it came to the Boston Herald. surface, which Is at best a very slow Many radio fans have, no doubt, rate, hence It is necessary that we rebeard about some sort of a process by move the cause of the exhaustion. which inactive tubes may be restored In the accompanying diagram, I to their former activity, but according have shown a UV201A tube connected to the many questions concerning it, for the purpose of flashing the filathere lias been evidently a shroud of ment. The only connections necesmystery cast over the process. sary are the two leads from the filaSome know from observation, and ment posts of the socket connected In many others know through sad ex- series w ith a rheostat and a perience, that the vacuum tube con- battery. As to the time required for tains a filament that becomes lumi- flashing, I suggest that those who try nous when a current passes through tliis process to impress the full six it. This filament receives its cur- volts across the filament for abou1: rent from the A battery. Contrary one minute, and then by means of the to the popular belief, the filament Is rheostat reduce the voltage until the not put In the tube for Illumination filament burns at normal brilliancy. purposes, but to serve as a source of Then nllow the filament to burn for the electrons necessary In the mech- a period of 12 hours or more. If anism" of the vacuum tube. A more the tube is still found to be inactive technical term for the filament is after this treatment, It may be "hot cathode, and simply means that "flashed for a second or so by conit becomes a source of negatively rccting a 222-voB battery to its charged particles known ns electrons filament terminals and then cooked when it roadies the proper tempera' for a longer period at normal brilture. Tliis temperature Is obtained liancy. by passing a current through the filaThe same reactivating process may ment. For this reason it would per- be applied to the UV199 tube or any Hidden Oil Fields haps be more to the point to call others having a thoriated type of fila- tliis the heating" instead of ment. Revealed by Heat the current more common expression, filaWashington. New oil fields and ment current. To Prevent Leakage of other valuable mineral deposits, in reTreating Filaments. where the rock strucThe first filaments were of pure gions Audio, Radio Currents tures now lie burled far below the sur- tungsten, carbon, platinum, etc., but condensers are now used face nnd random drilling ia Imprac- it was soon discovered that the numthe more efficient types' of in largely be discovered at a relative- ber cf electrons emitted by the hot tical, may receivers. Their work is to ..prevent means cost low of by measurements ly cathode, or filament, could be enor- the leakage of the audio and of the beat in deep wells, according to mously increased by coating the surcurrents into parts of the W. T. Thom, Jr., geologist la charge face of the filament with certain of the division of fuels of tlia United chemical compounds. The compounds circuit where they would cause trouStates geological survey. that proved to be the most active in ble, or in other words, to confine these Series of temperature measurements this respect are the alkaline earth frequencies to their proper place In taken at different depths in wells of oxides, such as barium, calcium, stron- the circuit. condensers are Usually the the Salt Creek dome in Wyoming, says tium, etc. across the positive B and the placed Mr. Thom, shows that these temperaHowever, a still more active matetures and the shape of the folds in the rial was discovered in recent jears, negative filaments. These condensers must not only be able to stand a rocks associated with oil deposits. aud Is known as thorium oxide. It test, but must stand , a His theory is that the rock strata may be of interest to know that it is test also. If one of the byleakage folded In first then were up; the of the titanium series of chemical course of geological time the top ol elements, and is used in the forma- pass condensers is leaking, it will the fold was cut off by weathering, tion of incandescent gas mantles. allow B battery current to flow exposing the deeper lying and hotter Another very interesting fact is that through the circuit all the time, and will not only drain the B rocks at the crest of the ridge, or it Is battery dome. Because of the compounds, two very rapidly, but will also ruin the general types of filaments have come tubes. To make a leakage test, first conInto prominence, they being the Cat Reveals $3,000 nect up two B batteries, so filaments and the fithoriated Ilohart, Okla. Dibbs dog chased lament. The WD11 12 exnnd cat are Into Browns the Elmer latters 93 VOLTS antique store here. The cat made a amples of the former, while the U VI 1)9 "S' DAITtRT UV201A nnd tubes ure in the latter leap for a dark corner, and plunged d filament head first into a vase. class. As the Its bead stuck. After chasing the dog cannot be rejuvenated, I will not disaway Mr. Brown was forced to break cuss it any further in this article, but the vase to free the cat. Gold coins will focus my entire attention on the to the value of $3,000 dropped to the thoriated st.vle element. This type of lilument consists of a floor. tungsten core that has been treated with thorium oxide, not merely coated with the compound, hut actually impregnated, so that the amount of 'ASS active material on the surface of the COSiOcNStR filament is comparatively small in comparison with the total amount. It Diagram Showing Usa and Tests of Is because of this feature that a tube Condensers. employing a filament of this variety seldom goes out of service because of that you have 00 volts ; now connect a a burned-ou- t filament, but because the piece of flexible wire to tbe emission has dropped below the and another piece of wire to negative the necessary value. When this condition terminal. Hold the ends of has been reached the tube is said to these wires across the condenser conbe inactive. The real significance of nections for a few seconds. This will this expression Is that most of the charge the condensers. Now the lay active material lias been evaporated condensers aside for about 15 minfrom the surface of the filament, an! xes, then take the voltmeter and A ns a consequence the number of elec- connect a piece of wire to the positrons emitted is reduced to a very low tive and another piece of wire to the value. connection on the voltnegative How to Flash" a Tube. meter; then touch the ends of these This process .merely consists cf wires to the condenser connections. burning the filament by passing a If the hand of the current through it, but with the B the condenser is O. voltmeter moves, K., for it shows battery totally disconnected. Why that it held the charge you gave It should the B battery be disconnectfrom the lt battery. If, however, ed during the reactivating measures? the hand on the voltmeter shows no is this Well, necessary because with movement at all then the condenser - y,j the B battery connected, the posl- - Is leaking and should not be used as , , , vo . , Skene in the border village of Varenn where Lithuanians greeted political prisoners from Poland who ta,se cI,lirse on the rlate,a condenser. Philadelphia would cause the material to become Record. bod Lem released after a treuty between the two countries was signed. folk-song- paper-backe- d r ,v Train-robbin- g By ARTHUR F. MORASH, In ten-inc- h lt j tell-tal- e By-pa- ss radio-frequenc- y by-pa- ss short-circu- mer-(han- t, radio-activ- it e. oxide-coate- d 43-vo- lt oxide-coate- d small-necke- Prisoners From Poland Return to Lithuania 90-vo- , 90-vo- V,-- ,- fyli y by-pa- lt |