Show aa N 46 V p wi gj w 7 N manci acott ket aa mes G blaine r IX I 1 M 14 5 of ex pl Q K n P AIT 5 aoh E gan 0 0 howard Howai xi by ELMO SCOTT WATSON new years day is essentially A a time for looking forward to it AM IL the future it Is also a time for look ing backward to the past especially when that past to la an inspiring one certainly such Is the case on the dawn of the new cew year of 1030 1930 for it Is rich in anniversaries of historic importance and plans have been under way for some thue to celebrate the these re anniversaries in a fitting manner none of them has bus more general interest than the massachusetts buy bay tercentenary celebration which will be a sort of a bottle homecoming coming for the whole united states FO for r tire t ire la Is scarcely a state in the union which does not have a large number of citizens who have come abiding tie with this new england state and who will participate in the N festivities celebrating its ita years of history according to present plans a new mode in observing notable anniversaries will be set bet instead of having a worlds fair with a central exposition the whole state of massachusetts will become a fair grounds with fifty or more centers of attraction each city and town taking part in the observance will reconstruct some part of its own history to fit into the general historical picture nearly every massachusetts town has its well preserved historic house and these houdes with pageants to depict the life and customs of former times will be opened under the auspices of lit historical stor societies to welcome the visitors that these visitors will total more than ten million la Is the belief of those in charge of the tercentenary and when one considers the number of transplanted new englanders Engl andere throughout the nation aa well as an others who will be inclined to make a patriotic pilgrimage to the sources of american history and the lore of the colonial times limes that fig W tire does not seem to be an exaggeration the interest of the nation in ID the tercentenary iles hc in the fact that the charter granted by charles I 1 of england to the governor and the company of the massachusetts day bay in new england on march 4 won enduring value as a model for constituted governments birr arst t because it provided for stated elections election and secondly because it introduced the use of the ballot technically the charter enabled the setting bp up of et independent civil government in america it contained the germ of later independence tor for other colonies it helped to establish the legislature of massachusetts and because of the character of the company which came under it marked the arrival of big business on the hitherto unsettled ride aide of the atlantic the chronology of the settlement of massachusetts bay which will be reflected in the I 1 1030 celebrations brat ions Is its as follows on march V 29 9 1630 four ships sail for america front from cowes england bearing the colony of which john winthrop had been elected governor and its precious charter on tune june 12 IM they arrived at salem where abere they were joined the next month by the remainder of the colonists who had find arrived on seven more in august they moved to charlestown Charles town and the first meeting on american soll soil was held there but as as the water supply prated to he poor win moved hla his colony to tile the peninsula which lay to the south and west of charlestown Charles Charle town slown a place of three bare hills called shawmut by the Ind indians lans very uneven and abounding in small hollows and swamps covered with blueberries and other bushes this was on september 7 and ten days later inter they the y gave eave the name of boston to their new biome in remembrance of the old city of easton boston vf f aliw ft i fe ZT T X wa kitsy Kf tsy ft a statue abue of baron steuben in england from froin which many of the colonists had conie come next in ili importance to the tercentenary celebration during the coming year will be the centennial observances of some of the stirring events of the lie revolution which took place during 1780 it was a year of dark despair for the patriots the british had transferred their active military t tary gry operations to the southern colonies which were weak divided in their sentiment far from the main sources of troops and supplies and in general a fruitful field for a successful campaign which might put an end to the revolution savan nab had already arrendy fillen fallen and early in the year sir henry clinton and lord cornwallis Cornwall ls laid siege to charleston was ans defended hy by gen benjamin lincoln on amny 12 1780 lincoln was compelled to surrender the city and its garrison of about men encouraged enc hy by this bucce Bac cess ss clinton return returned eI north leaving cornwallis Cornwall ls to carry on the campaign alarmed by the news from the south washington sent baron do de knit to take charge of the situation but congress insisted lill sted upon placing gen horatio gates cates the victor at saratoga in command gates soon showed how foolish this move wm wag for on august 10 1780 with a force of some men he attacked cornwallis Cornwall ls force of 2000 at camden and the american army was routed with a loss of 2000 men de kalb was killed thle this disaster in the south was followed by an even worse one in the llie north for benedict arnold turned traitor plotted to deliver west polut point to the enemy and thus place it in their hands handa the line lice of communication to new england fortunately the plot was discovered in time but the traitor escaped and tile the gallant major andre paid with his life the penalty which arnold so BO richly deserved thin thim stunning bow blow was soon followed by another washington Hash lugton went into winter caina at Morri and there suffering even worse hardships than they had at valley forge sume sultie of the pennsylvania and new jersey line mu tidied because their pay was not forthcoming forth coinIng A less nian man than the great washington would have despaired utterly ut at the turn of events beset by treachery and mutiny in his own army there came t om the kuutti bouth the news that cornwallis Cornwall ls was ravn ravaging ing virginia virg lula and planning a campaign which would definitely conquer north carolina arid and then there came a galeani of light amid the gloom iou own in north carolina a detachment of cornwallis army led lei kiy major farguson ferg guson tind had been trapped ed by a force of who had milled under the leadership bif if jack sevier shelby Sli elby and other border leaders and on october 7 1780 defeated ferguson ut ul the battle of kings mountain and t ruptured his whole force plans are now under way for a squi centennial celebration or of till this battle on a large scale as it may well tie ile for tills this victory proved to be the turning point of the war in the south and a forerunner of the he successful of the struggle for liberty cornwallis was forced d to fall back to Winnes borough S 0 to awalt await reinforcements from clinton anti and tile alie dis heartened patriots in the south cheered up ap by this unexpected turn of if events took up their arms arms again washington then sent gen cen Natha Na thannel greene to take charge in the south ile he arrived at charlotte N C on december 7 1780 to take command of a shadow of an army but in the hands of this master strategist second only to washington as a military genius the shadow started out upon that brilli brilliant atit series of retreats trenta re maneuvers and engagements which baffled cornwallis Cornwall ls exhausted him and finally forced him aitu to retreat to yorktown town where the end of the struggle came this next nest year if 1030 Is notable for its anniversaries of events connected with the founding of the nation it la Is also notable for its anniversaries of events connected n with the preservation of the nation and of these none la is more outstanding than the famous webster hayne debates in the first congress which met udder the new administration ad 0 of f president andrew jackson the question of the sale of government lands came up unexpectedly this precipitated a discussion which went to the very foundations of if the government did the constitution create an indestructible nation or did it simply form a league between tween lie sovereign states who could break up that league if they so desired that was the fundamental question on january 25 1830 senator robert Y rayne hayne of south carolinn carolina addressed the senate on the subject and enunciated the doctrines of states rights the file opposite view was presented by senator daniel webster of massachusetts but the ell max did not come until the next day then before a senate chamber whose gall galleries erles were packed with visitors in anticipation of websters formal reply to hayne the massachusetts senator already famous na as on an orator rose to the heights of hlib career with his now historic reply when he had finished ending with that other sentiment Kentl ment dear to every true american heart liberty and union now and forever one and inseparable he had not only delivered one of the worlds masterpieces of oratory but patriotism bad a pew new birth and thousands were mode milde to feel that the american republic rested on a foun foundation dadon which could not be shaken although it took the most terrible catastrophe a nation can know a civil war in which thousands shed their blood blond in defense of their belle beliefs fg to settle the question which these two men debated a century ngo ago the principle than find and there stated now seems destined to endure forever the year that Is 19 about to dawn Is rich in anniversaries niver alver saries sarles of great events in american history it to Is also rich in birthday anniversaries of great men whom americans should delight to lionor honor on november aa 1730 there was born tit at magdeburg prussia a boy who was destined to win fame as aa a soldier on oil the staff of frederick the great and american americ m history might have been different if frederick william Nug augustus lustus stefhen had not crossed tile the atlantic to offer his services to george washington to join the continental army at valley forpe forge and there rive give it those these necessary lessons in tactics organization and discipline which was ana to make him forever famous as the drillmaster of the revolution find and make it an efficient fighting force which finally won a long struggle for freedom la in 1780 there carne came into the world three boys whose names were to become famous in the history of our nur nation on february I 1 there was born david porter who was to he PUP min of ahe he great greatest Cst of american naval officers on stay 4 there ans n s horn born john james And nhon traveler and naturalist and on august 1 was born francis sctt key yaho was destined to write a song for all millions of americans to sing illg as they strind stand with uncovered heads the star spangled kunner hanner the rot roll call of famous americans who might well be the inspiration for centennial birthday obier observance vance Is a lung icing one on it one may rend read the names of paul hamilton lenyne poet born january jannary I 1 james 0 blaine statesman the rile plumed knight and tile the example of a man who missed the presidency horn born january 31 eugene A carr commander of the fighting fifth cavalry n balry and f famous amons as an indian fighter born march 20 john quincy adams word ward tor horn born june 29 william 11 ilaben soldier and indian fighter horn born september 27 harriet ilos mer sculptor born october 0 9 noah brooks author born bom october 24 john F esten sten cooke novel novelist alst born november 8 oliver otis howard civil war comi commander nander and one of the greatest indian lighters this country has ever known born november 8 and emily dickinson poet born december 10 all were born in 1830 |