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Show THE TIMES-NEWS- NEPHI, UTAH , G EXCURSIONS IN CORRESPONDENCE HIE By THOMAS ARKLE CLARK Dean of Man, University cf Illinois. Notes of Appreciation opportunities for writing THE! of courtesy, as I have said, are almost Infinite and are limited only by our Inclination and the time available. There are some, however, which. If we are to be at all thoughtful and we cannot avoid writing, hod writing within a reasonable time after the occurrence of the Incident that made the letter necessary. When I was In Berkeley last winter Mr. Dodge showed me every attention, and gave me a lovely dinner at the University club, and took me to the train when I was leaving for Portland. I should be very crude. Indeed, If, after I arrived home, I should neglect to write to him and tell him how much I appreciated his kindness. Stanley McCord took a day oft from a pretty active business and drove me down to Stanford In his beautiful car, and bought my lunch for roe, and wasted two good hours In dragging me from one Chinese shop to another In an endeavor to help me buy an embroidered shawl for Nancy. lie, too, was entitled to some epistolary attention later, even If I did at the time thank him for liU tlioughtfuluess and generosity. When Nancy and I had entertained George Milton for a week, when he was visiting In town, and given him our best bedroom, and served him late breakfasts when he stayed out late the night before, the least he could have done surely was to have written us a brief note of acknowledgment after he got back home. It gave me a feeling of disappointment that he did not ; I had thought him more appreciative, and more of a gentleman than he proved himself to be. There are a good many courtesies which we are under obligation to acknowledge, and to acknowledge in writing if we want to do the thing as It should be done. Gifts, and social attentions, and special favors, and en tertainments should always be recognized by a written note. We have most of us been taught to write "bread and butter letters," but the practice should be extended still further. There are a good many letters of courtesy which may be written, and which would give those who receive them pleasure that we are not under any social obligation to write. Letters of condolence, of congratulation, of encouragement, are among these. Foley has been ill, for instance; he Is coming along slowly, but the way back to health seems long to him at times, and he has periods of depression and discouragement. A cheerful letter from an old friend would help Immensely to get him onto his feet. KInsey, over in France, has Just picked off a first In a race at the Olympic games; he would not take it amiss, I am sure, If he should receive a note of congratulation from his old high school coach. Such Instances as these might be multiplied almost Infinitely, if one is sympathetic and Interested In the ups and downs of his friends. In what they do or fail to do. Lincoln knew how to write such a letter and, harassed and driven as he must have been during the trying incidents of the Civil war, he found time to write them. Ills letter to Mrs. Blxby on hearing of her loss of five sons in battle, is one of the and most sympathetic notes of condolence In the English language. The results of writing such letters are more than we ourselves might at first think. It does us good. It widens our sympathies, it Increases our Influence and It deepens our friendship. We can say often so much better In a letter what we would hesitate to say face te face to a friend. Few of us have more friends than we need, and a timely note may strengthen and cement a friendship that was waning or that might soon have been broken. As a purely selfish business proposition it Is a good thing to write such The personal note always letters. makes an appeal. Many of our strictly business deals are settled largely upon a personal basis. It pleases me when the man from whom I buy my coal, or my clothing, sends me post cards from Palm Reach, or the battle grounds of Europe. It shows that he was at least thinking of me, and even If his Durooee was purely selfish, I am more likely to continue my business relations with him than if be had not written me. The effect uoon those w'io receive the letters goes without saying. They stimulate, and encourage, and warm the heart; they soften grief, or Increase the Joy of living, and the more unexpected they are the greater their effect. (i 192a, by Western Newspaper Union) d, sp ciA7rrA?Z",J62o A4,ilLM Santa fe'Ore$on and Mormon By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN IHB Sixty-eight- h congress by at- ""tempting to enact legislation designating the Oregon Trail has (1 birred up the liveliest sort of hisSmfal I AW I torical controversy In the Northwest from St Louis west to &, 7 San Francisco and north to the ( line. Thu designation !j-CanadlaW would In effect be a declaration mrST fcy the United States government YM that' the Oregon Trail bu a naUM&-1aational Importance beyond that of the Santa Fe Trail, the Mormon Trail, the Overland Trail or any other historic trail, to say nothing of modern roads like the Lincoln Highway. And the controversy has developed all sorts of complications. States want to know what authority congress has to change the designation of roads already named by them. City Is fighting city for place on the Oregon Trail both from sentiment and from desire for financial advantage. There are many disputes as to historical facts; the source books of western history seem to contradict one another in many cases and the oldest of are by the ears. the And, of course. Trail Is fighting Trail, with all the others more or less combined against the Oregon Trail. Congress seems to have been a bit Indifferent as to historical accuracy, so long as a "federal-ai- d highway" was selected. Naturally, this does not give universal satisfaction. Utah, for example, does not want to have Its Mormon Trail wfped out The Overland Trail has Its champions among descendant's of the Forty-ninerAnd the contributors of many millions to the building and maintenance of the Lincoln Highway as a memorial to Abraham Lincoln strenuously object to the loss of hundreds of miles of Improved and marked roadway The Santa Fe Trail, oldest of them all, has a place In the controversy because it Is the Parent Trail from Kansas City to Gardner, Kan. Incidentally, It' comes to public attention on Its own account through the fact that Council Grove, Kan, la to celebrate Its centennial August 10. A hundred annual rings have swelled the girth of the sturdy Council Oak, patriarch of Council Grove, since the council under Its shade secured peaceful passage from the Pawnees and the Osages but not the Comanche for the pale face eager to trade with the Spaniards at Santa Fe. The senate passed a bill (S. 2053) designating the Oregon Trail, after several cities In Idaho, Oregon and Washington had been added by amendments In committee. It was Introduced by Senator McNary, has no preamble and must have been rfrawn ... ... 1nrA "T.nrnmfp" inMlMdf - Is ripfllrninted n . J j f Tn.n.lA Aul(taMt0 with tha Mn that ther are the smne place. In the house Repre- - li '.If Jfitm S old-time- s. bill (H. H. tMSM). Later ne miroaucea joint resolution 232 and still later Joint resolution 323, which contains additional cities. The full text of Joint resolution 828 follows: Whtrtu th Old OreR-o- Trail, which originated River point and traversed half a conat Mlaaourl waa the route over which the "great tinent and went migration" of covered wigoni and ox team United In 1S4I and eared the Oregon country to the home-aeekover which for many year the State, and and empire bullderatwent In areat number and made a great producing territory out of what wa formerly a wlldernee; and Wherea the Oregon country at that time of all that territory between the summit of of the Pacific the Rooky Mountain and the ahorea and Canadian Ocean and between the California a wa under held Joint sovereignty of border, and and fat who United the and State, England 1841 for all time wa settled by the migration of men when approximately on thousand American and the and women faced the peril of the desert wilderness to carve out new home In the Oregon and country and make It American territory; Wherea thousand perished by the way and old and the In trail: shallow grave by were burled naWherea the United State has set aside a hisand other tional monument many battlefield country; and toric spot In this Wherea th old Oregon Trail wa mor than a battlefield and offered a greater challenge to courdusty course of two thousand age for along Itcltlsen dally faced death without mile American war. th beating of drum, or th th panoply of flying f flag. andnd avd a vat empire to th United fetates; Whereas this servlc ha long been neglected the and th youth of our land hava not learned of Who of those Intrepid pioneer heroic did so much for America: and th "world molt Wherea In order that thte, may be perpetuated In history historic highway" be kepi alive for all tlm, and and It tradition In order to how to th world that th American tint unmindful of th sacrifice of our and do raoognlsa valorou deed: Th.... lt!aa for be It er eon-slat- f frfe J frTC? - sfffflTiTfr JaKtSTEttllHilli i I? f I"SSU5ii1.SSi. - lTI il 1 Resolved by th Jr-- lv Vv J) ,"2 T&L tT- - ifel 1)C feS"-"'""- f fi- - 4 StA 1 "y- - "' JmJi JVr& "l J1 JSi Iaaar4ga Ww: yf77 rTKAr nn !1 $VZWWf ' ( fc JWf&f N?Tf"1t Jfc3H VV k nljA Of U j! IMKft1 Eftl ' " I A ZL s llJKiWi TrailsinmPublicEye ,u f&ki"lL itfnfr F P. J ic" Uis secret cession by Frano to Spain of San territory; 17, discovery ofooaat Francisco Bay and settlement of California by Spanish at San Diego. 167 Drake claim Paclflo ooaat for England; 1771. Cook reaffirm claim; It TO, England charters Hudson' Bay company; 1781, North West company of Montreal; 18IL organized by Scotch merger of H. B. C. and Northwesters. 1881 LaSalle claim Mississippi Valley for France; 1780, Canada passes to English; 1788, French feund St. Louis; 1800, Spain cede Louisiana Territory to Franc. 1718 Russian discover Behring Strait; 1110, Russian operation extend south to Ban Francisco Bay. 177S American Revolution begin; 1778, Clark captures Northwest Territory; 1781, peace fixe Mississippi a weatern boundary of American I 1761, trana-Misslssip- pl rrr Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of th United State of America In Congress assembled. That the highway extending from Independence, Mo., and from Council Bluffs, Iowa, to Seaalde, Ore., and to Olympta, Wash., through th States of Mlaaourl. Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Idaho, Oregon and Waahlngton, and variously known aa th Overland Trail, the Mormon Road, the Emigrant Road, and the Oregon Trail, and coinciding aa near aa may be with the system of feieral-al- d highways through said states, shall hereafter be known aa th old Oregon Trail. .Section 2. That th road heroin designated a th Old Oregon Trail shall follow, a closely a eoonomlo and topographlo condition will permit, the route traveled by th pioneer In their Journey westward to th Oregon country over said trail, and shall extend through Kansas City, In th Stat of Missouri: Kansas City, Oardner, Lawrence, Tope ka, KosavlUe, Louisville and Frankfort. In th State of Kansas; thence through Talrbury, Hebron, Grand Island, connecting with the road from Council Bluffs through Omaha,' Fremont and Columbus, and thence through Kearney, North Platte, Lwl-le- n. Bayard and Scottsbluff. In the Stat of Nebraska; thence through Torrlngton. Fort Laramie, Douglas, Casper, Alcova, Mnd&y Gap, EAen, Granger, Kemmerer and CokevtUe, in the State of Wyoming; theno through Montpeller, Soda Springs, Pocatello, American Falls, Burley, Twin Fall. Buhl, Glenn Ferry, Mountain Home, Boise, Nam pa, Caldwell, thence a a divided trail via Payette, Idaho; and via Parma, Idaho, add Ontario, Or., to Welaer. In th Stat of Idaho; thence through Huntington. Baker, La Grange, Perdleton,Th Umatilla Dalles. and. along the Columbia River through Hood River, Portland, Astoria and Seaside, la th Vancouver and Stat of Oregon; thence through on to Olympla, In the Stat of Waahlngton. The hearings by the house committee on roads on these senate and house documents were lively affairs. No less than fourteen representatives made arguments pro and con and the end Is not yet The mandatory language of the act and the Joint resolution raised the question : Is congress trying to remake history? The attitude of the pros was shown to be substantially this : They do not wish to belittle the historical Importance of any other Trail, but they claim an imperishable name for the Oregon Trail because It and lis pioneers gave the nation Oregon, Washington, Idaho and parts of Wyoming and Montana. Therefore they think that the Oregon Trail In relation to our national growth stands separate and apart from all other Trails and that It has peculiar sentimental and historical significance entitling It to special recognition by congress. Suppose the Oregon Trail as designated Is historically Incorrect In places, as was shown by the cons. What of It T ask the pros. Representative Elmer O. Leatherwood of Utah showed that the Mormon Trail in Nebraska was on the north side of the North Plaite and the Oregon Trail on the south side of that river. Tet the designation proposed would put the Oregon Trail on the north side and wipe out a long stretch of the Mormon Trail. Mr. Leatherwood Is not a Mormon his great grandfather Leatherwood traveled the Wilderness Road hard on Daniel Boone's footsteps; he himself was born In Ohio and was educated at the University of Wisconsin and went to Salt Lake City In 1001 to practice law. All Utah, you see, has a sentimental Interest In the Mormnn Trail and Its pioneers who made a state out of a desert. Incidentally Mr. Leatherwood Introduced a map prepared by the historian's office of the Mormon Church and In connection with It a Record, Vol. LX" portion of the "Historical a document not readily accessible to his(1S00) torians. This contained, among other things, a diary setting forth In detail the movements day by day of the Mormon Expedition of 1847 under Rrigham Toung which founded Salt Lake City. More power to the controversy.. Long may It rage, to the Increase of Interest among the people In the fascinating history of the Wen and the establishment of Its history on Incontrovertible fact. For It opens np the whole history of the territory, which la closely linked by chain of cause and effect Here la a helpful chronology : 1141 Corenado begin f Amort exploration Southwest for apaalak; 104, Outs foetada Be fur-trad- er Colonies. 1791 Capt. Robert Gray of Boston discovers and names Columbia River; 1808, Louisiana Purchaae Lewi and Clark expedition from France; 1804-0and beginning of Amerlpan fur trade; 1808, Plk explore Texas region. 1808 Astor forms American Fur company; 1811, found Astoria by sea and expedition under Hunt goes overland. 1812 War with England; 1811, Astoria treacherously sold to North West company; 181S, Battle of New Orleans balks attempt of British to capture Mississippi Valley; 1818, America and Great Britain agree to Joint occupancy of Oregon Territory; 1823, Monroe promulgates Monroe Doctrine dealing with relations in Oregon Territory of Americans, British and Russian. 1821 Santa Fa Trail open trad with Mexico, which has won It Independence. 1829 First agricultural settlement at Astoria; 1834-1Methodist, Presbyterian and Roman Catholic missions founded In Oregon Territory by Lee. Whitman and De Smet; 1842, midwinter rid of Whitman to Waahlngton, D. C; 1841, migration eta In over Oregon Trail, Fort Brldger established a first "hotel"; Oregon American outvote Britishers and adopt provisional government; 1844, y or Fight" victorious slogan In Presidential election of Polk over Clay: 1848. Oregon treaty fixe north line at 49th parallel; Oregon mad territory In 1348 and state In 18&9; 1862-8migration ta Oregon. great 1846 Texas admitted to Union; 1848, war with Mexico and occupation of New Mexico and California; 1849, discovery of gold In California, state admitted to Union in I860; 1869, overland stage line; 1880, pony express; 1869, transcontinental railroad completed. 1846 Mormons leave Illinois for Nebraska; 1847, Brlgham Toung founds Salt Lake City; 1898, Utah admitted to Union. The beginning of the winning of the West Is Clark's conquest of the Northwest Territory In the Revolution. For that gave the Colonies the Mississippi as their weatern boundary. That In turn brought about the Louisiana Purchase. In the spring of 1S04 from the American side of the Mississippi Lewis and Clark watched the red and yellow of Spain come down In St. Louis; the tri color of France go up and come down and the red, white and blue of America go up to stay. Instantly they were off for the Pacific to see what we had bought. Two years later they returned as If from the 6ad. Thereupon began the forty years of the American Fur Trade which explored the West and made Inevitable the march of the American people across the continent. And from where Old Glory went' np to stay the American pioneers .went forth by various Trails for various purposes. The Santa Fe Trail was for trade with the Spaniard. The Oregon Trail waa worn by a migration of homeseekers. The Mormon Trsll ended In an asylum from persecution because of religion, from one viewpoint; from another, because of "alien and Inimical 8, 6, "Flfty-four-fort- 3, solidarity.- Consider the consequences of the Santa Fe Trail. It led to the acquisition of Texas, ihe Mexican War and the occupation of California. The discovery of gold started the rush of the Forty-niner- s over the Overland Trail, with Salt Lake place. It made California a City as the Kilf-wastale over night. Followed the Overland Coach, the Pony Express and the driving of the Golden Spike when the railroads met at Ogden. . Today the AruirirAn taainle are ah pel on anfn- y traos-Mlsslsslp- pl r r LEGION (CP7 for This Dopartmoat Supplied hf thm Amarlean Lvlon Nwa n!oa.) ARONOWITZ ACTIVE IN LEGION RANKS A record of service from a mere private in the ranks to department commander of New Tork's American Legion Is the record established by Samuel E, Aronowltz, whose term saw the accomplishment of New Tork'a share of the $5,000,000 endowment, and a wholesome membership Increase. Aronowltz was born In the shadow of the capltol at Albany, New York, In 1800, being now some thirty-fiv- e years of age. Through the Albany high school, graduated with an A. B. degree from Dartmouth, he completed his education at the Albany Law school and was admitted to practice In 1914. He continued to work In Albany until America entered the war, and then served in Company B, Three Hundred and Ninth Machine Gun battalion. Seventy-eightdivision, as sergeant. Overseas more than a year, he saw service In the St. Mihlel offensive, the Llney defensive, and the Meuse-Ar- gonne offensive. h 1 f Samuel E. Aronowltz. Upon the American Legion's organization In New York state, he became actively Interested, and after the first state convention at Rochester he attended every annual state and national convention as a delegate. He was appointed state adjutant In 1920 and was a member of the state legislative committee five years and chairman four. Elected in 1924 as state he was elected department commander upon the strength of his six years of constant Legion service. Closer to Result From Conference Co-operati- on Closer between the League of Nations and the FIdac, Interallied Association of World war veterans, will result from the recent visit to Geneva, Switzerland, of Thomas W. Miller of the American Legion, president of the Fldac. After conference with the searretary general of the League, Sir Eric Drum-monMr. Miller was asked to select a member of the Fldac as a permanent member of the staff of the league. Among the suggestions for closer cooperation between the league and Fldac were the Inclusion of a representative of the organized men In the various national delegations sent to the league, and the establishment of a closer contact between the central services of the league and the Fldac as to the actual facts and tendencies of league Work In so far as it affects the major work of peaceful cooperation. President Miller, previous to his visit to Geneva, had made a week's tour of England In the Interest of the veterans' association he heads. He addressed In London the national executive committee of the British Legion, which had gathered from all parts of Great Britain, Scotland and Ireland. Miller stated that In England men he found the British facing the same problems as those In America, and that the British Legion was making the same fight for the disabled as the American Legion Is making In America. Announcement of American Legion members on the council of direction of the Fldac was msde recently In Paris, Fldac headquarters, by Mr. Miller. Scraps Many snakes have rudimentary leg They are: Benjamin H. Conner, debones. partment commander of the Legion In The orleln of the word "Jiffy" Is France; Edwin W. Thorn, commander of Paris post; Dr. Edmund L. Groa, unknown. The skylark holds the altitude rec physician to the American hospital; ord among birds. Francis Jacques, architect ; Leon FraiThe lengths of a mile vary In dif ler, assistant counsel, reparations comferent countries. mission; A. W. Kipling and Laurence In the Old world there Is no true V. Ilenet. The next convention at Fldac will species of cactus. The average life of a railway loco be held In Home next September, motive Is 58 years. The soil In Siberia Is sometimes No Fun frozen to a depth 'AJ feet. Her summer escort had a new car The Dead set Jf nearly 25 and was anxious to show off In It. s. "See?" be asked her. "I can stop blackberry this car dead stilt and In 13 aecon ;ors. be going SO miles an hour again." maaufac- "But," she objected, "what's the ok of wo-o-d of stopping at all If you do thatr American Legion Weekly. ten-dere- st d, |