Show nationalism creates european crisis ku 44 V above here are four f gures agures who will have plenty to do with maintaining world peace left to right hall haelle delasse e etheopia eth opia perre P erre laval france anthony eden great britain and benato mu italy below A light artillery un t in germany s new conscription army during manbevers manu evers by WILLIAM C UTLEY adio flying moving pictures R RADIO telephone fast steamships swift railroads and all those other marvels of our present age have made the entire world as small as was eastern europe say years ago but human nature has changed 1 1 atle and since pride in h s country Is still one of the most 0 it standing aspects of man mans s nature the nationalism of individual nations still maintains the high pitch which ob tamed to it a century and a half ago but where years ago travel and communication were so slow that the nationalism of individual coun countries counti tiles ies irritated only that of countr es whose borders colit coincided elded with their own tu to day we find an entire world beset by feys of great wars and nations arm ing frantically against one anoil er ahey are still trying to maintien air tight national barters borders and policies just as they did in the old days when as a matter of fact their interests are so closely all aligned ned that almost any iny ma jor war today Is a potential world war mar especially Is this true of europe where there are many countr es most of them as small as their own na lional jealousies and each trying to live to tl e full measure of what its own people bel be eve to be its r gats behind the present tension Is the struggle of one of the most proud of nations to regain its pride agh armament to the level of the other european nat ons with which it was once on a par following the failure of the pans paris peace conference and the rejection of the league of nations by the united states france prance was forced to the a al ter native of forming an all ance with the little E entente nt C ante and a nd poland to keep germany cowed into on to the terms of the versailles treaty the washington treaty was supposed to bring peace and armament understand ing in the pacific and the far east now germany as it inevitably must has recovered enough strength to de clare for herself how much arms she needs for protection has junked the versailles treaty and Is rapidly arm ing japan has violated the 5 5 3 naval ratios and has invaded china there Is universal armament and the world talks of war two alternatives europe seems to be torn between a return to a military alliance between france russia italy ind great brit ain aln to keep germany in line or a three powel powei locarno treaty between germany france and great britain ensuring that peace shall be main ta ned through the league of nations or some mod fl fi cation of the league the first alliance would simply recreate the s which brought about the world war except that japan fearing russia would be more likely to line up with germany than the allies the second agreement a would leave germiny germany considerably re armed with eastern europe before her and would in all probability lead to a war between germany and soviet russia into the already tense situation has suddenly been thrown the italian in of ethiopia in the old days this would have been countenanced simply as a bit of colonizing and everybody was doing it but today it Is generally regarded d as out and out aggression and therefore in violation of both the covenant of the league since italy has refused to submit her case to arbitration and the kellogg pact if france great britain and other member nations refuse to close the suez canal or otherwise save ethl opia opla from the italians it will be not because they cannot but because they will not the league of nations was of course courte formed to preserve in large measure the political state of europe in 1919 the result was inevitable the na eions which were satisfied by this ar ran gement ement rave lave become the chief sup porters of the league those which benefited from the agreements of 1919 have formel coalitions both inside and outside the leagie voicing those which d d not to act more or less on their own gem any has already withdrawn from the league and italy threatens to if the league interferes with her aari can pol cv ev although it must be ad bitted mitred that italy certainly gained more m ore than she lost it if indeed she lost anything by the 1919 pacts the league has even so been of more benefit in I 1 drope tl an elsewhere it handled the I 1 lel with admitted efficiency it handled the ball an case in a satisfactory way it has otherwise fostered the peace of europe its chief value perhaps has been as a safety vahe fear character as a s french As to the attitude of the principal league powers on the continent that of france Is still created by the ger man problem which oNer overshadows shadows everything else but france has with in her own boundaries a political gle which may affect her attitude sooner or later there are movements especially among the youth against the parliamentary can form of government and crying for much greater concentration of authority there are definite trends the french press and the french foreign office has educated the people to the fact that the belch is standing today on the thre 1 of complete e bankruptcy bankrupted fin inclan and find eco amic the reason for this Is that the wheels of german industry which have been humming so loudly for years have been bee hu humming aming in the manufacture manu fact ire of arms and not of goods to be sold the time cannot be put off much longer bivs the french government to its people when germany will be faced with do ng one of two things using these gigantic war supplies in an ag gres sive war mar or civi giving up tip to a corn com collapse which will mean good by to national socialism there can be no do abt about n what hat the nazi choice will be says trance prance there are in france many who be bileve that she should prevent such a war by starting one against germany herself before germany has had a chance to 0 o arm to the limit of her schedule but the consensus Is that it is hardly likely france would ever en gage a war efforts of the reich to form a peace pact with france have fallen down and arance I 1 ranee has entered into a pact with russia a step aimed only at ger many there Is little lil that this agreement will cause any great stress in international relations for the simple reason that it Is eNery everywhere where recognized as a negative agreement which france entered into only to leep keep germany from being first to io ally herself with russia A similar alliance has been entered into with poland and the three coun tries of the little entente Czech oslo valla rumania and yugoslavia of course so many alliances have the difficulty of meaning that france Is likely to get involved in almost any war in europe fear has been the theme of the en tire french forel foreign policy af after ter pierre kavals isalt to rome in jan uary nary it Is believed that even the pres ent ataio Ethl ethiopian situation arose out of french fear for it Is hardly pos sible that mussolini would have em ena barked on so aggressive and obnoxious a venture unless he were reasonably certain of french assent italy set on war more than an anything thIng else france realizes that alignment with great britain Is necessary to protect her against germany and she Is therefore unlikely to do anything which will seriously disturb franco british rela eions italy seems to be the only nation who has her heart set get upon war and that Is not a european war she has only one idea in mind the conquest of ethiopia and probably nothing can prevent the war in africa f y since the failure of Muss mussolini a four power pact which was designed to male mal e the four great european na eions france great britain germany and italy agree to force the others to maintain the peace in europe italy has minimized in its press every act of the league she has shown her ill humor with the league by militarizing 1 consistently and completely over the past few years italy s single purpose today Is ter expansion through a borate over ethiopia for she must have more room for her people with respect to european affairs she will fl fight bt to maintain the status quo she A auld would ille e of course to reach some sort of agreement with germany because the african campaign when and if it starts in earnest will weaken italy on the north italy will continue to attempt friend ly relations with the little entente with yugoslavia go in particular tle tl e rt only real uncertainty in her foreign relations lons Is austria for germany may attempt a revival of the An 4 italian military maneuvers along the 4 austrian frontier will be increased through all this it may be seen that 1 italy s policy Is maintenance of the status quo with plenty of military v power in reserve should that policy fall fail germany wants no war As far as germany Is concerned a war seems fo to be out of 0 the question va at least for the present it would be too heavy in cost to a nation which Is just beginning a program of conscription and of building up military re serves germany hag has honestly sought an understanding with france and honestly desires one she views france with concern only because of the franco russian pacts and the franco polish pacts A german relations with soviet russia leave much to be desired hitler having made peace offerings to every important european nation except rus sla nazi dislike tor for bolshevism may a appear to be a reason on the surface but more probable Is the competition for influence in the baltic states germany Is set upon building a navy to operate in the baltic sea so it may be seen that she Is not to be left hoi holl 1 ing the bag in affairs of eastern eu bu rope germany and poland have their ten year pact signed in 1034 1934 aimed prin 4 cipully at russia hitler Is not going to forget about his interests in aus tria more of this as has been said before may be heard beard when italian strength on the northern frontier la Is weakened by the tion into ethl opia opla at any rate germany Is likely to be the last nation in europe to enter a war in the opinion of students of international affairs russia who has been steadily arm ing for several years until today she possesses one of the greatest of all military machines Is definitely for the status quo her vast land has more than enough natural people she Is building a new newt nation in a way of speaking and a wara war would seriously upset her schedule for this reason russia has been one of the leaders in efforts for collect collective le security in europe but she has not hidden her belief that it Is germany who will topple the equilibrium of eu bu rope since the war and that the tho italian movements in africa will affect the situation says the spokesman of the kremlin karl radek seizure of abyssinia may involve greater difficulties than italy suspects 1 german fascism which shows ing no die position to discourage italy in this ad venture tabes takes this into account italy a adventure in abyssinia may lead to such changes in tue the unstable correlation of european powers as will acael crate another european war in the present situation in europe war in abyssinia may have the same sig ance as war in libya had tor for the war of 1911 1914 G 0 western newspaper union |