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Show I Soviet Russia Tries to Explain Why Eight Generals W ere Shot -- X- Club r - ,f of Red traitors, seven generals and a marshal who was very nearly the executive head of the whole Russian army, were summarily tried, lined up against a wall and shot, a typical, wild explanation of the act filled the early accounts. It was reported, rumored or secretly known to the Kremlin that the eight had been leaders of a mass plot, involving hundreds of thousands of Russians, to turn over a generous helping of western Russia to an enemy power, Nazi Germany. Of course, when the perspective of even a few days time permitted a clearer view of the situation, the explanation was wholly rejected. Ordinarily little or no official govThese Stowaways Were Not Pleasant Ones. ernment explanation would be atThe weather wa fair enough at the moment It was late June and tempted, but the prestige of the the old tub was wallowing along before a fair breeze; But it was the Russian army received such a body rats that bothered CarL Swarms of them had come aboard while the blow by these latest executions that one was conship was loading grain, and now they were threatening to take over the a You can take cocted. it or leave We must in have half the had the Argentine with us, Carl rats ship. says. They were everywhere. We found them in the pockets of our it, for it Is almost as fantastic as clothes In our bunks and in short, everywhere we looked. While we the first one. were lying asleep, we were awakened by the animals crawling across Masses Must Support Plots. our faces, and we had to lie perfectly still while we felt their cold feet It involves not alone this one act, and tails tickling our noses. Many a time I stepped on one when I got but the entire series of some 250 out of my bunk to go on watch. military trials and executions which The rats were bad enough, but as they neared Africa, things have taken place in Russia over a became worse. A heavy gale blew up. and it quickly Increased period of less than thfee years, clito hurricane force. The seas mounted until they seemed to be maxed by the deaths of Marshal fifty feet high, and the old ship, with nothing but a storm trlsail Mikhail Tukhachevsky and his sevup, was plunging ahead at half again her usual speed. en generals in Moscow on June 12. For a day, the ship withstood the buffeting of the gale, but that It is ascribed to the discovery by night, along about eight bells, the carpenter sounded the bilges and re- - the Kremlin of a single huge conspiracy against the state. To anyone who has followed modern Russian history at all it is ap- - -- " ' I ' O rf j WHOS NEWS By Lemuel F. Pert on vvTTinfMHmuHfTm Modem Damon and Pythian. i NEW ; j into an important revolution, these two hostile nations would find the period of Russias Internal strife an opportunity for successful attack. So f the conspirators sought the promise 1 ' ' of Germany and Japan that they ' fit , , ij would not Interfere during the revoi 'v ' lution. In return for thus frfrlif uriiiiiniliiitYf y valuable territory in the Ukraine would be ceded to Germany Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, after the successful completion of most important of the eight Red the coup, and Japan would be re- army officers who were executed warded with generous oil, mineral for treason June 12. and fishing concessions in the Far East out 5,500 miles across Europe and There is no actual evidence that Asia and from the Arctic ocean to the southern mountain ranges, the definite agreements were ever consummated between the plotters and Soviet Union comprises the largest the enemy powers. Indeed, Hitler connected realm of any nation on it is Archas emphatically refused to considearth. It is er the suggestion of a military al- tic, it is desert and it is verdant liance between the Reich and Rus- farm land. sia, despite the fact that his high Ninety per cent of all the area of military command has assured him the union is included in the largest that such an alliance would be the of the eleven constituent republics, most powerful in the world. the Russian Federative Socialist ReThe question that now poses itself public, which also includes more of the population. before the world outside the Soviet than The other ten are: Ukrainia, White ex is: Can the Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Arplanation of the purge be true or is it merely a concoction brewed menia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, to fit a long series of incidents in Tadjikistan, Kazakhstan and Kirghia sordid rule of terrorism under zia. All except White Russia, Arthe iron hand of a icious dictator- menia, turkmenistan and Kirghizia contain smaller republics within ship? There is no denying the fact that themselves. the conspiring generals must have Rich In Natural Resources. been rather stupid to risk their enThe 175,000,000 people are as vaviable positions of pinver in the ex- ried as the physiography. -- They fall isting regime, imd their careers of into some 180 diileVent groups and brilliant promise for the future, in speak 150 different languages and dialects: the government makes no attempt at establishing a national language. There are more Russians than persons of any other nationality, the Russians composing about half the population. The other principal groups, in order of their number, are: Ukrainians, White Russians, Kazaks, Uzbeks. Tatars, Georgians, v Turks, Armenians, Jews, Germans, Mordva, Shuvash, Tajiks. Poles. lurkmenSr-KFgbtBashkirs"" and" 3 s l, two-thir- I1" f yV f 4 -- Carl L. Rynning told me this Ury. It happened to him In 1902, when be found himself broke and out or a job in South Africa and signed on a windjammer for a trip to South America. The windjammer was the bark Albatross, which had just brought a load of corn over from Buenos Aires snd was going back to the same port in ballast There it would pick up a load of wheat and return to East London, Cape Colony. That suited Carls plans, so he sailed away one morning at daybreak, and six weeks later, after an uneventful trip, the Albatross entered the Plata river and docked at Buenos Aires. Be far, everything had gone smoothly, but they had ne sooner begun loading grain for the return trip than it became evident that the Albatrose was none toe seaworthy a craft. When the sand ballast had been taken out of the bold, water began coming In through the seams. That didnt bother the captain any to speak of. He just let the ship settle In the mud, and when the mud got Into the -seams and closed them up, he began loading again. Many a sailor would have quit that ship then and there. But Carl wanted to get back to South Africa. He stayed on for the return trip, but the ship was hardly out of the river again before he began to regret It r V- - have ' characterizedit decades than it has been in the past. And conspiracies today are dealt with by the Communist govKiller Ship ernment with as much dispatch as they were in the days By FLOYD GIBBONS of the Czars, or more. Explanations today are, as they Famous Headline Hunter were in the past, largely a matter of conjecture, and most told you stories about human killers, and Ive spun you of them are magnificently fantastic. about animal killers. This is the story of a killer ship. When, In the most recent purge scale-"whic- h ; THIS WEEK... By WILLIAM C. UTLEY land of intrigue, struggle and upheaval is on no freer from the plots and counter-plot- s over-many RUSSIA J a.tttmiim4i4liU : B6t, as in Case of Most Red Intrigues, Explanations Border on Fantastic. Adventurers IVE . yv v , ' , j zr Votvaks. Heavy Gale Blew Up, and Quickly Increased to a Hurricane. ported to the captain that there was four feet of water in the hold, captain ordered all hands to the pumps. A No Life The i Preservers They Must Stay With the Ship. m , JtS. . V The crew worked grimly at those pumps because they knew they were working for their lives. Four feet of water, says Carl, is bad in any ship in a storm. It was especially bad in this rotten old tub. We bad no life preservers and the lifeboats were so rotten that they would i fall apart If any attempt was made to raise them oil their cradles." The men pumped for two hours, and the carpenter sounded the bilges again. This time, there was five feet of water In the bilges. In spite of all the men could do, It had gained a foot. They . kept on pumping, but the captain was worried. At three oclock - In the morning, when the crew was so exhausted that hardly a one of them could stand up to the pumps, he called them all into his cabin. Wet and hungry, they trooped In, and the captain told ' them bluntly that he didnt know what to do and wanted to get tho mens opinions. There were two courses they could follow. Land wasn't far distant In the sky they could see the reflection of tho Capo of Good Hope light They could keep on pumping and try to make port or they could run thd The Soviet Union has vast oil resources. Ths well, which broke loose ship on the rocks, giving the men a chance to be washed ashore, if they escaped being killed by the wreckage, or pulled to their deaths by the la a torrent when tapped, produces 15 to 20 thousand tons daily. undertow. f parent at once that no serious con- a plot which certainly must not fall Mate Discovers What the Trouble Was. to overthrow The existing to be discovered amid the universal There wasnt a chance of keeping the ship afloat until they reached spiracy could be successful without system of state control and state regime port The men all knew it The chief mate was for piling the boat on the mass support But how to gain the spying which is Russia today. rocksand the men agreed with him. The ship was turned about and sympathy of any great mass of citRussia Worries Over Prestige. headed for the shore. And we were a silent crew as we worked, says izens, without spreading the great The puzzle also arises: Carl, "for we knew that in a few hours we would crash and then what? If one secret so widely that its existence But suddenly the mate made a discovery. Before the bark must be obvious, was a poser in- dictator can dispose of eight of the most prominent men of the army in had been turned toward shore, she had been running on her stardeed. board tack, with the port side deep down tn the water. When they The one unit of people with whom one fell swoop, why would it not came about, the wind and the seas were astern, and she came such a plan could hope to be ac- be as easy for eight generals to do with one dictator? up on an even keel. And now, the mate, looking over the 'port aide, complished was the Red army. This away saw a stream o' water coming out of a great gap In the huU of Russia is definitely worried over massive trained, organization highly the ship at a point which had been submerged a few moments In discipline the effect of her internal military had been before. It was the cause of all their troubles. A piece of floating and would obey the dictates of a few disharmony upon the outside world. timber had struck the side of the ship and rammed a hole In men among its leaders without Diplomatic divisions of the western key the rotten planking. The theory of the conEuropean powers lost no time in question. The wind was dying out by that time. The carpenter rigged a then, was to win over taking advantage of it. Germany spirators, scaffold over the side, filled the hole with bags of oakum and nailed a a few army men in the key posi- and Italy, particularly, acted quickheavy canvas over it We hove to, says Carl, and it was with a dif- tions of command, who could be re- ly. Their dream has always been ferent feeling that we manned those pumps again. It was six in the lied r of a alliance with France upon to control the movements morning now, and we pumped until eleven, when the pumps began suck- of the army. And this, according and Great Britain. But France, conknew we and she air all We was were we were to the ing empty. tired, but explanation, is what the civil trolled by a communistic party govhappy. Six days after that we entered the harbor of East London, conspirators were' successful In do- ernment, in sympathy with the Ruswhere the whole town turned out to view the battered looking wreck as sians and out of sympathy with the ing. it came limping in. And thus ended that voyage Soviet authorities discovered the Fascists, has been the stumbling of the bark Albatross. block. Now Germany is trying to plot among the civil conspirators, WNU Service. and it was a simple matter to learn convince France that she had better then that it had been extended to a forsake any alliance with Russia White Snakeroot Poisonous Habits of the Woodpecker handful of important army officers. because it would be too unreliable. White snakeroot is said to be the The The recent resignation of the Popuwoodpecker feeds Accordingly, a strict espionage sys- lar most important poisonous plant on almost exclusively off insects and Front government in France to gather evidence set was tem up wood-lanthe farm. This is a common grubs burrowed in wood and chis- in may work to the advantage of the The executions quarters. army species with opposite leaves, els out homes in trees and poles. followed quickly. It is believed by Fascists, also. fibrous roots and masses of handNature is bountiful In equipping There is no doubt that the French Sosome little pure white flowers that woodpeckers. Their beaks are hard some close observers that the was tipped oft to must be a little uneasy over this viet government come into bloom during the late as steel, keen as razors. They have new weakness of the nation they servFall. From this innocent looking long toes to grip precarious sur- the plot by the French secret alli- had counted upon as their of most imbecause the interested ice, plant a poisonous principle called faces. Their tails are spiked for ance between the two communist portant ally. The Red army can trematol has been extracted, a support, as well as balance. Even hardly look so powerful today as chemical that not only poisons live their tongues are cylindrical, point- nations, but this has never been it did a few weeks ago. And the admitted officially. stock but in addition may enter ed and barbed, so they can scrape French can hardly help rememberthe milk and cause human disease food from small holes. Generally No Evidence of Agreement. ing how powerful that same army known as milk sickness. This is farmers are down on the The plot did not, as first believed. looked before the World war and believed to be a malady that dec- species. It sometimes augments Include the turning over of White how pitiful it looked once the war imated the pioneer population of the its Insect diet with eggs, com from Russia to an enemy power, but the got under way. OhioRiver Valley region during the ears growing in fields, brains of traitors did attempt to reach an Russia's importance among the early days, and It Is held responsiwith Germany young fowl, which it scoops out after agreement and powers of the world has always ble tor the death of Nancy Hanks, splitting the unfortunate chicks Japan. The generals were well been limited by her difficulty in prethe mother of Abraham Lincoln. head. aware that if their plot developed serving her own unity. Stretching v . ikj . , well-drille- d four-powe- n d These are some of the reasons Russia's tremendous natural resources have been little more than dipped into. She is almost comwith a vast pletely wealth" of coal, iron, oil, gold and other minerals, as well as rich farm lands and wide stretches of fine virgin timber. Josef Stalins personal dictator- id YORK-K- McCoy, nt is twenty years older thaw Harry Bennett, but for many years thelrs has been n Damon and Pythian friendship. Bennett, commander of Henry Fords mill tsnt home guard - against labor onions, learned about fighting from McCoy. He was a tailor when Ford bought tome wooden boats from tho government. They threw in Bennett, along with boats, and Ford found it a good bargain. He became a personnel officer at the Dearborn plant, becoming, in time, as the years slipped off the conveyor belt, the head of the Ford protective" organization. In 1932, McCoy finished a confinement of seven years for having shot his sweetheart By this time, Bennett had a yacht and a castle on the Huron. For old times sake, he job and gave his friend a a gold badge, explaining, plausibly it seemed, that his organization included a limited number of former convicts, and that there was no rea- son why it shouldnt if they behaved themselves and did their work. Mc-- ! Coy, helping expand and direct the service men, now enters a serene old age, fit and vigorous, younger than his years, doing the work he likes best Bennett was Sailor Reese in the years when he was a lightweight boxer in the navy. It was In 1S96 that McCoy became world welterweight champion, by defeating Tommy Ryan. It was years later that the young sailor entered his New York gymnasium and told him of his ambitions as a boxer. McCoy trained Reese, without charge. It has been frequently on record in the newspapers that Reese became lightweight champion of the navy. However, this writer, scouting information among such lightweight navy champs of twenty-fiv- e years ago as Sam Robideau, Joe rJTisherand Paddy Mills, has been unable to pick up his trail. Where Sailor Reese knocked oft and Hrry Bennett took over is equally elusive. A curtain is drawn over the beginnings of this particular Alger story the story of a boy who makes good by watching a clock to see that the other lads punch it. Current news reports reveal Bennett and McCoy as working in a deep, inaccessible basement of the j Administration building, deploy Ing an army of college athletes, former both prizefighters and ready to wade in with the hired men as emergency swampers if need be. Bennett is small, agile, muscular and given to direct action. For pastime, he practices pistol shooting, reads mystery stories and goes hunting. The Troublesome Doukhobors. The story of the Canadian DoukHe is secretary-ship is hobors might make a good atudy of the political bureau general of the central executive committee for Robert Allison Parker, author of the communist party of the Union of the recently published Father and a specialist In Mesof Socialistic Soviet Republics, Divine, which is quite a mouthful any way sianic psychology. They remain you chew it The party bosses the baggy, node and obdurate, with state (for law has decreed that it their leader, Peter Verigin H, again is the only party which shall b rechaving jail troubles In British Coognized), the central executive com- lumbia. mittee bosses the party, the politl-ca- l He is the head of an bureau bosses the committee, supposedly owning aboutorganization 910,000,000 and Stalin bosses the bureau. worth of property, but tha court confirms his jail sentence for vagBy virtue of the constitution adopted in December there Is a parliaHis huge, barrel-cheste- d rancy. ment or soviet composed of a so- father, with whiskers like a percher-on- s viet of the union and a soviet of the uncurried fetlocks, was killed nationalities, and called the Su- in a train wreck in 1924, and Peter preme Soviet Together the two II came over in 1927 to head the bodies exert all legislative and adsect, the Russians having jailed him ministrative authority, through a for heresy and released him on cabinet appointed by the Supreme condition that he leave the Soviet and known as the council of ountry. people's commissars. But through He ia big and bewhiskered and the political structure outlined in the like his father, but commanding, foregoing paragraph it may be seen In the nude, and other that what they do is dictated by parades had brought the law on Josef Stalin. the Doukhobors, and he haa done Production Speeded Up. little but fight off writs and procRussia is now in the last year of esses. He was saved from deportaits second Five-Yea- r Plan for ag- tion by a Halifax Judge In ricultural and industrial develop- 1933. ment by the state, under which the The Doukhobors, or spirit wresstate controls the entire economic tlers, as they sometimes call themlife of the nation. The first of these selves, are a strange hold-ou- t in was started by Stalin in 1928; the modern lock-steplans Theyll catch private trade was suppressed, step, if they are allowed to liquidated and agriculture shed their clothes. just collectivized. Production under the second Five-Yea- r Youth on the Bench. Plan was speeded up greatly, for both economic and Nine out of college, Charlea reayears military sons. Poletti becomes a justice of the SuA few facts serve to illustrate the preme court of New York, at the effectiveness of the programs. Elec- age of thirty-threHe la the son tric power production in the Soviet of a stone-cuttin Barre, Vt. He Union was 5,007,000,000 kilowatt dickered for an old Ford, traveled hours In the year before the first and sold maps to get through high Five-Yea- r Plan; last year it was school, and tended furnaces and 32.600.000,000 kilowatt- - hours waited on table to get through In steel production the Soviet Harvard. He finished Uw school Union rose to a position 1928. second in only to Germany among European Several of his nine years were put producers last year.' In 1927 it man- in at the Universities of Rome and ufactured a total of 680 automobiles-las- t Lyons and at the League of Nations. year. 138 000. The total Then he got a job in the illustrious harvest was 92.010,000 metric grain W. tons John Davis law office and bem 1935, although It fell off to less came general counsel for the Demothan 77,000,000 metric tons last cratic committee In 1932. A year, because of widespread drouths. The year' later, Governor Lehman made him 1936 cotton crop set a new record. his legal adviser. He is short, Latest reports are that there will sturdy, dark, galvanic, of Italian be a third Five-Yea- r Plan started parentage and boiling over with land-owne- taJkJ Caviar product, made with thT sturgeon, a sturgeons attain lengL fiT?. and 20 25 feet. andS food fish, tunny or tuna runi them a uew80-Catchin- freatest In it U one sports. With . bamboolw Ion, fishermen go k ift, ten feet It is a battle of skill 2- It may last a few minuter are records of giant boata for a day or monT uri-u- O' g g 1 lt Carried by w. i.. Tha kit carried by In bis camp, notary he to Czar AlX- -, Russia Just before the cow advance, la mada of woods, lined with lesffier. It contains 1 srtkk , dudin six razors, toothW compasses telescopes, field etc., all bearing tha crest Little Corporal wi. goldJ (J Q. HE ea e A Generattea A generation U the intern! lJlPpoinl & rtilemei between the birth of ( ipM as the birth of a son- -th ttmJ) 4(1 years people are, on tn csins I younger than their parents, tv id I ries ago this was estimated e fit years and four moethi J Css k three generations to a century V method of calculation it stm b w tdiertag London Answers Magazine. I fe ty-thr- rar-wo- n ptick Where Squirrels Lhs juaplei j J In general gray squinnli dominate in the south sM east, and fox squirrels elmteti1 In limited areas thesituatka h ferent, for the gray squint! k ! denizen of the bottom ludi heavy imber, while the fox sr. occupies more open woods uf the commoner species ca fie y lands and farms. J1 Joe L of i point the --of i ibk title mei io, shflewii tinned, (r than Ub in Joe look 1 First Woman at Johas Heykfc I The Columbia Encyclopedia up that Christine Ladd was fie fc woman student to enter John Hz kins university (1874), ha speen studies being directed tovud and the theory of color. Sen married in 1882 to Fabian FrariL1 mathematician and editor. against Wor. I B WM Sir isle r ,car Largest Knows Fbwtr The largest knowirfiowerii 4 world is found only in the junjSalj theIsland of Sumatra in the fix' East Indies. It is the Knirlk it is known to botanists at 4 "Amorphophallus Titanum." Jim Bri the to Easy to Impress the Fesfk It is easy to impress fie pe pie, said Hi Ho, the sage of Cto but they are often like eiG town, dren who love the promise of new and become fretful If there an i. sufficient to satisfy alL The Whigs and Tories The names Whigs and Tories ea into use in Egland about 168 general, the Tories were reset aries, while the Whigs form in the direction democratic government favoted of I B oat (or That the jot expecti chance never roan happy a stro their v icur r seconc t mg much Body Needs Calclwa The body needs a greater so5 of calcium than of any other to eral element The ordinary deliost lean diet Is probably more in calcium than in any otha ment punch as nmg. ffhf grant tone i tale c That Odd Rainfall Record On the slopes of Mount Wik Hawaii there is an annual of 476 inches; the records v rainfall of only twenty-twfourteen miles away. o Rulers Portrait os Coll When trade brought foreign to Chins, the Chinese werefw ed by finding a rulers portrsfi coin, because their never had done this. own The i toritt early Br. snort end up v. chee t not The been they unne So Not at Jefferson s Neither the retiring John Adams, nor the Si SedF the House. Theodora were present at Jefferson I r'. ration in si side 1801. Deafness Heredity Otosclerosis, or ness. Is a hereditary through may be transmitted bre generations without First Fork The first arrived in the United StnbW Gov. brought here by throp. hei osi Ur was the Was the B10I bre in i lt the Wa ing lti w rui I the de Br an sh Ji ha e. er which will go Into effect C Western Newepaper January Union. 1. energy, e Consol in at |