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Show LEHI FREE PRESS. LEIII, UTAH have stressed the point that Vandenberg would be about as strong as any Republican likely to be nominated. They have gone on from there to the old political logic that the man farthest oat in front in any contest is the man most of the other candidates shoot at, and hence is ery apt to be crippled in the final stretch. The other candidates "gang" him, fearing that otherwise there would be no chance for any one of them. This, most obbfivers have figured, is what Farley wanted to happen to Vandenberg, thus greasing the uay for the exit of the strongest opponent Franklin D Roosevelt or whoever runs in his place could have. RoosePresident Washington. The real truth is very different invelt's most spectacular fight in the next session of congress now seems deed. Farley is more afraid of likely to be on taxation. It prom- something else, by far, than he is ises to develop a battle approaching of Vandenberg"s running What he the fundamental character of the is most afraid of is tl.jt NO ReSupreme court enlargement fight of publican will run' the session now about to die. The Supremely Confident Treasury, working under the inFarley is absolutely confident, structions of the President, will have a measure already drafted and with considerable logic, that whoever the Democrats nominate when congress convenes in Januassuming they do not go plain ary. There is no dodging the fact that crazy can beat any Republican the government does and will need who may be nominated. The Demomore revenue lots more. All the crats might not carry 4o states, as early session talk about economy they did in 1036. They might not and balancing the budget has long even carry 42, as they did in 1932. since blown out the window. Con- Rut it would be mighty hard for the gress appropriated plenty more Republicans to beat them. In fact, than the budget. But that is only fair betting odds right now ought to part of the picture. Federal housing be about ten to one that it will be is just starting will expand. And impossible to revamp the Republican organization into a winning mathere will be other new expenses. chine by 1910, even if they should of relief. is all, however, Biggest Harry L. Hopkins literally bites his have an appealing candidate and a fingernails with rage at the idea of popular platform. There are more factors entering congress appropriating "only" one into this situation than are explained and a half billion dollars for relief was especially sore because of the by the debacles of 1932, 1934 and proviso that this must run through 1936. Or by Roosevelt! There are the fiscal year. He had hoped for situations in individual states, notno stringers to spend the billion ably New York, New Jersey, Pennand a half, in six or seven months sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and and then ask for a deficiency appro- Connecticut all states that the Repriation. He doesn't blame the Pres- publicans simply must carry to ident for this nigardliness says the have a chance in a presidential elecPresident asked for only a billion tionwhich make the carrying of and a half because the White House any one of them an uphill job for was told by Capitol Hill leaders that the Republicans. In all those states the old leaders they would not vote for any more. Criticism of congress for this stin- have passed out of the picture, and ginessfor which Hopkins says no competent hands or shrewd many people must suffer is being brains have taken their places in the G. O. P. machines. The New broached all through the York Republican organization went network of relief agencies. to pot along about 1920. Not a Reof But, regardless any particular senator or governor has development, the Treasury is going publican to need more money, and the Presi- been elected since that year, while dent is going to tell congress how the majority of the house delegato raise it. Right there will come tion has been Democratic beginning with the 1922 election. the rub. The Republican organization in Congress Knows Maybe the other states named carried on Congress thinks it knows about a little longer than did the Empire raising revenues just how to keep state leaders, but they have been the shoe from pinching too pain dying on the stem. Pennsylvania's fully, and just how to get enough "Puddler Jim" Davis is the only money despite tempering the wind Republican senator from the whole to the shorn lambs. It has the pride lot, and the Democrats are counting of one signal victory over the Presi- on knocking him off next year! What Farley is more afraid of dent, with a following demonstration of the accuracy, of its judg- than any Republican, no matter how The President wanted to strong, is the dissolution of the Rement. eliminate the regular corporation in- publican party as a national insticome tax entirely slap a very high tution, and the split of the Demotax on undistributed earnings, and crats into two camps. Further, Farget the revenue from bigger in- ley happens to know that Vandendividual income taxes. berg is one of the best known ReIt is now obvious to any one who publicans who privately favor abanexamines the figures that if congress doning the word "Republican." So had done precisely what the Presi- the naming of Vandenberg by Fardent wanted the Treasury would now ley was a very shrewd hypodermic, be in a much deeper hole than it not for Vandenberg, but for the old is. Corporations did just what the G. O. P. elephant! President wanted done for the Might Be Worse most part. They voted out extra Business representatives in Wasdividends to escape the new tax, and boosted incomes as a result. But hingtonthe bright lads who look aftthe income taxes did not mount er the interests of the various inat anything like the rate the Presi- dustries, etc. are relieved that the dent's advisers had calculated. For- wages and hours bill is going session, surprising as tunately for the federal strong box, through this may seem. congress insisted on retaining the that Not that they like it. With one regular corporation income tax. accord they agree that it is terriIn the coming battle the conservable. But they think that if its pastives in congress will line up behind were until next sessage Pat Harrison, chairman of the sen- sion it woulddelayed be worse. ate finance committee, in a fight to When they saw how William liberalize the tax on undistributed Green matched up to the Capitol, facorporation earnings. Harrison after being relegated to the has- vors a much more liberal policy beens so many commentators, by with respect to putting aside a sur- and put a few teeth in the measure, plus for rainy days. No conservarealized that if passage could they tive on Capitol Hill takes much have been postponed the measure Roosevelt-Nein stock the Deal would be much more radical than contention that under the new order it is now. Bewon't be there any rainy days. For instance, there is a hair sides, they slyly point out, the Su- line now holding the only minimum is court still preme functioning and that the board can fix for a the Constitution has not been wages at 40 cents an hour, community amended, so the White House should There is a provision, slipped into the own revise its weather forecasts. bill by Green, which provides that All the Roosevelt tax proposals the board may not fix a minimum have contained just as much so- less than the minimum obtained cial and economic reform as money by collective bargaining. raising. Next January's bill will be But being as the limit is fixed at no exception. It will move against 40 cents, the board simply could not It will strike anew at interfere with a concern which was bigness. holding companies. It will aim, in paying a minimum of 40 cents, a general way, at the distribution of though the minimum established by wealth. collective bargaining in that vicin- ity might be 50 cents. at Laugh Farley Obviously the two elements were A. Ever since James Farley injected in the bill without thought named Senator Arthur H. Vanden-ber- g of their working together. And obas the Republican Presidential the natural inclination of evviously nominee for 1940, there has been ery New Dealer would be to take lots of chuckling over Postmaster out that minimum of 40 cents in Jim's taking in more territory, and favor of any action which might running the Republican party as tend to raise it. well as the Democratic. So what the business representaBut there was plenty of shrewd tives think is that if there were strategy behind Jim's move. It just more time to work on the measure so happdns that Senator Vandenberg if it were put over until next session is far from being the easiest Reto study the flat minimum would in to beat, publican Farley's estima- be boosted. tion. There are lots of Republicans such an amendment Obviously Jim thinks could be beaten much can be proposed next session, and more easily. In fact, if Jim were beyond any question will be. But to take down his hair and tell you head of! an amendment after a tj cold would admit that law has been in the truth, he operation less than he would regard Vandenberg ns the a year before it has really got to to beat of hardest Republican very working is not difficult. It is so any now on the horizon. easy to make the point that time Why then would he try to help must be allowed to 'see how the nominate him? machine works before any tinkering Most of the Washington dispatches is attempted. since Farley made his prediction O Bell Syndicate. WNU Srvlf. SEEN Infantile Paralysis Wave May Let Science Test Preventive and HE5AKD 'WayBackWhen 4 V By JEANNE Na$al Sprays Save Laboratory Monkevs. ISut Will Thev Work on Hum around the nXtional SCIENTIST WAS BORX SLAVERY Carter Field oyv civ 'V- master traded a broken d .va horse, worth about $J0, for George Washington Carver when he was a little pickanlmj just before the Civil war. Today, he is the pride of the negro race. A worn-ou- t speller was the only education available to him until h was ten years old, when he attended a small school in Neosho, Mo. H slept in a barn there and did odd jobs to earn a living while learn. ing. The young negro boy's th.rst lot knowledge grew, and he weat on to finish his elementary scnool education in Fort Scott, Kan., wher he worked as a hotel cook, a and a housekeeper. L:.ter he bent over wash tubs night after night doing laundry for people, to HIS CAPITAL fo IN - r, mk mm II ' ' V: ft cfe 3 ' ' ? r i 1 4lr- -i 4 ji Hero monkey that's what science calls the tiny rhesus monkey, like the little fellow here, whose nose is being sprayed in an experiment to test a preventive for infantile paralysis; thousands of monkeys have died in the cause. If the sprays prove successful on humans it may mean the end of pitiful cases like that of the little girl above. The annual, nation-widseries of I'resident's Birthday parties helps to raise funds for the research work; a scene from one is also shown. e By WILLIAM C. UTLEY a wave of infantile far-flun- g WITH assuming serious proportions in the south central region of the United States, d science may find its to make opportunity long-awaite- mass tests of nose sprays as a means of preventing the dread, crippling disease. Nasal sprays have proved nearly per cent effective upon laboratory monkeys, which respond to poliomyelitis (infantile paralysis) in the same way humans do. But until an extensive outbreak of the disease occurred there was no chance to conduct experiments upon humans, for the lives of large numbers of persons must not be endangered unnecessarily. Now that outbreak may be at hand, for the south central regions are reporting an increase in "polio" cases far over the normal increase which comes with the summer months. Between May 9 and July 24 there were, according to the United States public health service, 436 cases reported from the west south central region, as compared with only 18 cases for the same period of 1936 and 65 cases for the same period of 1935. During these weeks the east south central region reported 317 cases as compared with 234 in 1936 and 57 in 1935. There was some indication of the spread of the disease eastward. Doctors hope that the nose spray will be proved definitely successful in its application to human beings, for it is more than a century since the first written account of poliomyelitis was made by a trained physician. English Doctor Started Crusade. Even so, progress has been phenomenally rapid in the light of the age of the disease, for it is probably as old as mankind. But it was only 102 years ago that Dr. John Badham, of Worksop, England, moved by the condition of four tiny patients, pleaded through the medium of medical journals for other doctors to come to his aid with suggestions for the cure of a disease nobody knew anything about. Dr. Badham's paper, telling of the plight of the four crippled youngsters doomed to pathetically unhappy lives, launched one of the greatest crusades in medical history. Poorly equipped as they were, doctors of the Nineteenth century did not hesitate in responding to the pioneering Badham's call for assistance. Get on Trail of Germ. Only five years later, Jacob von Heine, German orthopedic surgeon of Cannstaat, made public an important study of infantile paralysis. His practice brought him in contact with many cases of deformed limbs in children. A shrewd observer, he noticed something about young paralytics which other medical men had largely overlooked. lie saw that paralysis was the result of some kind of acute disease which preceded the appearance of muscular weakness. The discovery was epochal for, in other words. Heine perceived that paralysis in children didn't just happen it had a definite antecedent cause. He won for himself a place of honor in ranks of those battling 100 j j against the spread of infantile paralIt was battle that widened to many more fronts as time wore on, and by 1885 the infectious nature of the disease was pretty generally accepted. Yet it was not until 1908 that the first real advance was made in the search for a germ. Then and Popper, in Paris, injected portions of the brain and spinal chord, taken from a fatal human case of infantile paralysis, into some monkeys. They succeeded in infecting the monkeys with the disease, thus putting it on an experimental basis for the first time. Only a short time later several doctors almost simultaneously managed to pass poliomyelitis from one monkey to another. They were Flexner and Lewis in New York, Leiner and Von Weisner in Vienna, and Landsteiner and Levaditi in Paris. The way was now cleared to studying the mechanism of the disease. It was indicated how the germ was spreading, but scientists still had not banded in any united effort. It took a national tragedy to wake them up. In the summer of 1916 the great infantile paralysis epidemic hit the United States. It began in a small area in Brooklyn, then spread rapidly over the rest of New York City and Long Island, eventually cascadIt ing over the entire country. touched every state, and struck down more than 25,000 persons, most of them children. Health Officers at Loss. Panic swept the nation. In the mistaken belief that only thope under sixteen were susceptible, railroad officials refused to let children ride on trains. Vigilante bands of citizens established unotlicial martial law in many places, and health certificates were required as "passports" for children moving from one community to another. Health officers made every conceivable effort to check the disease, but they still lacked a working knowledge of ways and means to combat its ravages. The epidemic died of itself, finally, ar.d so did public terror. There have boon less epidemics since then; 15,000 cases were reported in 1931, and 10,000 each in the years 1927 and 1935. Medical science recognized infantile paralysis as one of its most challenging problems and redoubled its efforts to find an answer. Foundations, research laboratories both public and private, universities and individual physicians and research workers concentrated their attention upon it. But it remained for a layman, Col. Henry L. Dohorty, to begin the most novel move in the battle, one which popularized the fight among all classes of Americans. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, himself a victim of infantile paralysis, inspired the move. President Roosevelt's previous interest in the cause of fellow sufferers had been repeatedly manifested by activities on behalf of the Warm Springs, Ga., foundation where victims are treated. First President's Birthday Ball. Visiting Warm Springs in 1933, Colonel Dohorty also became deeply interested, and acquired a firsthand knowledge of the research and work going forward in this country. He saw the need for more widespread of effort. After discussing the mat ysis. a Land-stein- after-treatme- er ter with the President, he conceived the idea of a gigantic series of parties which would enable millions of Americans to do their share in the war on polio. Under Colonel Doherty's direction the mammoth task was started. A national headquarters was established in New York and persons were called upon to help. The first series of parties was held on January 30, 1934, the President's birthday. Funds Aid Experiment. So far more than $4,000,000 has been raised by the annual parties. Seventy per cent remains to fight infantile paralysis in the community where it was raised, while 30 per cent goes to the national fund, to be used for research or rehabilitation party-organizin- civic-minde- g d work. One important use to which the receipts from the parties was put was the development of the nasal spray preventive for poliomyelitis. How this spray came to be discovered is a dramatic episode in medical history. The subvisible microbes have ever defied scientists to follow their meanderings. Yet, after long and brilliant experimentation, scientists in laboratories in New York, Chicago, Stanford university and London at last found out that the nose w;as a doorway to the polio virus. In the laboratories of the United States public health service, Charles Armstrong, a "microbe hunter," decided that if he could find some means of blocking that doorway, there would be no way for the deadly germs to attack. For three years he experimented with "a whole drove of rhesus, monkeys. Finally he found what he wanted. By washing the insides of the monkeys' noses with a weak solution of picric acid and alum, he was able to save 24 out of 25 monkeys exposed to a hot, exceptionally dangerous infantile paralysis virus! Confusion Hampers Test. Armstrong was confident that if his solution worked with monkeys it ought to be effective on humans. But he was forced to wait for an opportunity to make the test. It apparently arrived last summer, when an epidemic broke out in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee. Rushing to the scene, he won widespread support to his plan of spraying the solution into the children's noses. He planned to have the doctors supervise the spraying and keep careful records. Unfortunately the experiment got out of hand: the doctors became swamped with demands upon their time and many parents used the easily procurable solution without bothering about scientific counsel on its use. After salvaging what records he could and making extensive records of his own, Armstrong decided that a more powerful solution was needed. Two California scientists, working on funds supplied by the President's Birthday Ball commission, supplied it. They were E. W. Schultz and L. P. Gebhardt of Stanford university, end they offered a 1 per cent zinc sulphate solution. Zinc sulphate had been used for years as an eyewash. They discovered it was virtually 100 per cent effective in preventing infantile paralysis when sprayed into the noses of monkeys. Western Newspaper Union. pay his way through high school. He worked as a hotel clerk for awhile and then entered Simpson colleg at Indianola, Iowa, where he earned his tuition by doing odd jobs. Three years later, George Washington Carver went on to Iowa Stat university, graduating with a de- - J In two mor gree in agriculture. years he won his Master of Sciencs h degree, and was made a member of the faculty, so impressive were his in accomplishments agricultural y chemistry. In 1897, he took charga of the agricultural department at u Tuskegee institute, in Alabama, tl leading negro university. The contributions George Wash- - : ' ington Carver has made to agricul- ture of the South are outstanding, tl He was among the first to advocate crop rotation for wornout soil and he has developed hundreds of com- - ' mercially useful articles from the pi principal agricultural products of y Southern states. From the peanut r alone Carver made 285 products and from the sweet potato 118. Thomas yp A. Edison once invited him to work with him, but he preferred to con-ycentrate on problems of southern agriculture. In addition to his prominence in science, George Washington Carver th is an accomplished musician. ch be ' c STAR PITCHER WAS A COTTON a" PICKER all JEROME HERMAN (DIZZY)it! was born in Lucas, Ark., in 1911. Son of a poor cotton pick- - 't er, he was forced to quit school when he reached the fourth grade, mJ because the family was so poor that the 50 cents a day he could earn in, the cotton fields was a necessity. poorly clothed and uneducated, as he was, Dizzy r Dean always had confidence in him-- . Under-.iourishe- sell Perhaps that explains why heBle was able to develop what small advantages circumstances in life lowed him, and develop them tcBJEl Confidence championship quality. and a strong right arm hardened in t .... the cotton fields were Dizzy's ment for facing life. equip Did with amazing speed and control In 1929. he was signed up by DoPm ni Curtiss, scout for the Cardinal!1 Texas league. The salary was coir lib paratively small, but it looked a fortune to the former cotton pick' er. After training in Houston. was shipped to St. Joseph, where his confidence and fast pitch- N tan ing won 17 games. Transferred Houston, he developed rapid'y an! soon became star pitcher tot tti nil St. Louis Cardinals. Meantime, wo brother Paul, or "Daffy." also a pitching berth on the Cardinal I 0 Dizzy was always the more sPeCl tacular, the higher paid, an ttThe lie 13V more widely publicized. trdorsed many advertised pi' ' M - J made a motion picture, appeared vaudeville, and spoken over ii.e ri "jJJ dio. His recent earnings have ee? I .1 !D (Vlfl voar rrServtc. WNU W' 9 I "Yc |