Show 1 hn fl a m biff ma k na a w bridge of chinee Chinese eastern railway over the th Sun garl gari prepared by the NatI natrona Na tlona ag geographic society Was hInston D C Q whose import important 1113 t M MANCHURIA cast west railway the chinese eastern has been the bone ban s of contention between china and fl to is an empire in itself the state of texas along with new york and pennsylvania lu might be fitted into manchuria and still leave enough room for new jersey in this domain of vast size Is a mixed population of chinese R koreans japanese and husi Rus sinni which numbers between aO and so near to chinas cainas swarming deltas and japans overcrowded islands it Is still a land of great open spaces this Is a dig cant fact in manchuria politics for a while japan and china competed by striding in streams ot of immigrants but ut in fit late years the chinese stream lias has become dominant owing to its lower scale of living tills this northern dependency of wait china Is shaped shape like a giant jaw tooth whose roots touch the great wall where it reaches the son sea and whose crown forms the ithe south bank of the amur river this tooth to Is the wedge which separates llusala and mongolia on the one side and japanese korea anil and the alie narrow strip of Ilus russian territory along the sea of japan on the other it Is a land where empires meet and having met build railroads manchuria Is better served in the matter of railway lines than any other part of china after the treaty of portsmouth which ended the russo japanese war the hallwa railways ys were divided japan took over matters in the root of the tooth and russia those in the crown so it stood until a fe few w weeks ago when the chin chinese ousted ted russian railway and seized the line japan still maintains her own rights an in the leased territory surrounding port arthur and dairen dobren and along the railway concession running north almost to harbin dairen manchurian Manc hurias chief seaport has bits been largely japanese built anti and resembles other cities of japan except that it Is worked out on a more modern and magnificent scale sale its docks and harbor equipment are comparable with the great seaports of the world harbin we the metropolis of the north la Is purely Itus 1 it t lies iles on the banks of the r river 1 ver at t the he L point of change from trans siberian trains 6 to tho the southern connections w with ith helping and to tokyo k yo harbin now 6 shelters great numbers of exiles from the old regime in russia mukden the focal point mukden the provincial capital capita lies iles in the plains of central manchuria and la Is the focal point of three empires here the chinese and japanese and europeans Euro penna each have their distinct cities three in one modern japanese business and residential blocks sue our round the railway station where the traveler from chosen korea or helping alights A disreputable vehicle with lines reminiscent of old bears the tourist through a straggling european quarter to the gates of the high walled chinese city two miles away awny japanese russians and chinese meet but do not mingle the japanese quarter Is a splendid example of colonial efficiency streets are straight broad and hard paved bazaars are filled with the latest products from japanese farms and fac tories usebous yellow persimmons dainty tes tea sets and gorgeous flowered cotton kimono cloth done up in one garment bolts balls there are hospitals schools and police stat stations Igns electric lighted and presided over by the latest products of the imperial educational i system over the railway station Is an excellent european style hotel complete with h brass beds and tile baths I 1 A short drive in the rickety russian droskie and all Is changed the nir grows heavier with st flings odors gray brick russian clan houses straggle along a bumpy road bordered by open drains with millet and sweet potato fields liln beyond occasional recently built chinese structures give ghe the appearance artince of new patches on an rilent rit garment this Is the so GO culled called international settlement and la Is well named wretched looking white while Itus russian refu gees abound norean korean women smoke their pipes in half open doorways occasionally european consular compound form islands of respectability the american consulate occupying a series of large and gaudy temple buildings being particularly imposing while a stately georgian structure upholds the dignity of ghent 13 britain rl ta I 1 W J 0 ir marrina a through a towered and tortuously curved gateway in n the wall of the chinese city uneasy smells increase into a distinct malodorous certainty one storied gray brick gray tiled houses line ft a deeply rutted roadway blue cotton clothes are worn with the monotony of uni uniforms fornis cheerful unwashed yellow faces flow past in continuous streams perpetual and strident bar gaining fills the air coal balls sweet cakes fly swatters scatters swat and boiling tea water are hawked with shrill cries and ringing bells given up to trade such Is the ancient manchu capital from which the dynastic throne was waa moved to helping in the seventeenth century after the manchu conquest ot of china the huge palace of the sue ce of genghis Geng lils kann still dom the city with its gaudy emptiness and tombs of manchu rulers with ith columned halls and curving eves brood in lonely magnificence in forests outside the city walls these few heirlooms heir looms from a historic past lie ile like soiled jewels in thet tha mud fud col orad mand monotony tony of a dirty commercial city modern mukden la IS ly absorbed in trade lying in tho tha cen center ter oan of a rich agricultural plain it forms the meeting point of two great railway systems one running east arid and west connects tokyo and chosen korea with the other north all and d south joins port arthur and dairen to the trans siberian rall railway way A monument to its commerce importance as w well e 11 as to fallen sold soldiers lers Is the modest war memorial of the tha japanese heroes ato fell la in the historic bathe of mukden during tha japanese war although in the same latitude as aa chicago and boston mukden has bab a rather severe climate of the so called continental type winters are long and cold summers short but torrid the hot season however ripens surrounding ro miles of beans and giant 0 sorghum org lurn making mukden the bean cake and bean oil market as well its fla the alcohol distilling center of north china cold winters bring a season of intense activity in the fur nia market eket buyers from the new york tork fur houses bargain with traders from the th e north for all sties sizes and grades of from dog to tri marten arten and from siberian squirrel to manchurian tiger surrounding coal mines furnish abundant supplies for or a bustling railway center on the other hand water Is comparatively scarce for a large martof part of the year the relative disproportion between these two elements la Is probably responsible for tie the grimy com complexion alexion of manchurian Manc hurias somber but seething capital land of the soy boy bean manchuria like new england En glandIs la the land of the bean this time the soy bean beans bean oil and bean cube cake or leavings fro from m the oil presses are ara chief exports the soy beans rise from obscurity only 20 years ago to its present importance ls Is a wonder of modern commerce today its products manufactured by the wholesale whole sate at mukden are ara ship shipped all ovir over the world not only does tho the soy bean provide a sauce sauca which is the worcestershire of china but it also algo masquerades as cheese candy fertilizer flour and oil tor for lighting and lubricating the japanese use it widely as tha basis of confectionery ju in tills this form it Is highly palatable and the japanese consider their candles and pastries more wholesome than ours indeed they are appalled by the quantity ot of sugar which americans consume dairen just north of port arthur on the Llao tung peninsula exported in one year nearly bean oil and most of this came direct to the united states many ot of the ultimate consumers thereof probably were no more moie aware that soy bean oil was the basis of a delicious mayonna mayonnaise lse dressing than that hair seal oil was an important ingredient of the bons they ate after dinner the region generally referred to aa is manchuria really comprises th three ree provinces of china which are har hair klien and Llao tung the latter which aso also Is known as shingling ShIng KIng or ll 11 lengthen leng tIen Is the most southerly and gives its name to the peninsula where art arthur and the japanese reservation are located it was here bere that the of af russia in 1898 brought on her war with japan I 1 chinese in manchuria are as a rule not native sons they have immigrated hither from all parts of china driven dalven tram their homes by war and famine tho the recent shortage of food and political turmoil turna oll ln in sh shantung have sent millions of farmers and laborers laborera t train from that mat alon |