Show f y Jf ll Jt l aird dl V L the jUl Lf berRy l 8 lUl 4 1 lT rl r I I II r I 14 r Y ohn Marshall I I By ELMO SCOTT WATSON i N JULY Y 2 1770 the members of ot the I i v Continental congress meeting In JI In Philadelphia voted Toted In favor of a JM resolution offered by Richard hw m Henry Lee of or Virginia that these Sf United 1 Colonies are and nd of ot right ought to be free tree and Independent 11 states y On July 4 A the Declaration of In- In Independence In Independence dependence rewritten from the Lee resolution by Thomas Jefferson aided by bi Ben Benjamin jamin Franklin and John Adams Adams was formally adopted by the con congress ess On July 8 the ringing of or a bell summoned the citizens of Philadelphia to the state house honse yard to hear an Important announcement read rend When they had assembled Col John Johan Nixon ascended to a n crude platform built bum In tb the yard by the society In 1709 for astronomical observations and left lert standing there for occa- occa occa occasional use as a public rostrum A moment later his voice boomed out the open open- ing lag opening words of or an Immortal When document document When In Inthe inthe Inthe the course of oC human events e It becomes necessary necessary sary for tor one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of r natures nature's God entitle them thema a decent respect to the opinions of ot mankind requires that they should 1 declare the causes which Impel them to the separation The bell which had summoned the people to hear this document had been known hereto hereto- heretofore heretofore heretofore fore as ns the Province bell Here lIere lu in brief was Its history up to that historic moment Cast by Thomas Lester or Lister of White White- White chapel London upon order of ot the tho Pennsyl-ania Pennsyl ania assembly It arrived ed In Philadelphia In August 1752 But to the dismay of ot the cull authorities the bell proved defective an ani It had to be recast twice by two Ingenious work work- workmen workmen men John Puss Pass an and 1 Charles Stow Jr In re- re re recasting casting the bell they substituted their own names for that of the original English maker and also changed change 1 the date on the bell beU from 1752 to 1753 But more Important was the tact fact that the Inscription composed by Isaac Isnac Norris chairman of ot the superintendents of the state statehouse statehouse statehouse house was retained on It IL It It was from the Bible Leviticus 10 Proclaim 10 Proclaim liberty throughout all the land to all aU the Inhabitants thereof Prophetic of ot the role It Jt was to play In the struggle for liberty were such occasions when It was ru rung g as these It first sounded on the afternoon of August 27 1753 J to call caU the provincial assembly together to- to together gether and In that session the assembly resolved to make muke and continue the use of or Province money contrary to the orders of the lords Justices of the crown On February 3 1757 It called the assembly together again when they directed Mr Frank Ion to go home to England to ask tor for redress ot of colonial grievances On October 5 1765 It was muffled and tolled when the ship Royal Hoyal Charlotte bearing the hated stamps for tor Pennsylvania New Jersey and Delaware came up the river under convoy of a 8 royal British warship and It summoned the citizens to a town meeting where they resolved not Dot to permit the stamps to be landed On September 27 21 1770 It assembled the peo peo- peo pIe In the state house yard and they there ie- ie solved re-solved e- e solved sol that the claims of parliament to tax the colonIes trespassed upon their constitutional rIghts that the union of ot the colonies ought to be maintained and that anyone who Imported Importe 1 Eng Bug flab goods Into Philadelphia contrary to these the resolutions was an enemy to the peace and good order of ot the city On June 1 1 1774 the bell beIl was muffled d and tolled again ag In sympathy with the people of Boston on the closing of their port by the crown authorities On April 25 1775 after atter the news of ot the Battle of Lexington had hadi been received received the bell called together eight thousand people by computation I tIon and they unanimously agreed to associate for tor the purpose of or defending with arms arms their I Yves liberty and property against all attempts to deprive them of ot them Thus In the clear notes of or this famous old ben bell can ran be traced the successive steps leading up to that historic day July S 8 1770 when the bell rang out once more loudly more loudly joyously joyously- joyously proclaiming liberty throughout all the land unto all the Inhabitants thereof Before thIs time It had bad been the Province belL From that time Ume on forever It was the Liberty BelLOn BelL BelLOn On September 11 11 1777 Gen George Georg-e Washing ton and his Continentals were defeated by General Howe and his bis British at the Battle Battlo of ot Brandywine In Washington's army was a young Virginian named John Marshall the th son of ot CoL Cot Thomas Marshall who before b Core th the Revolution opened had bad foreseen the t e coming of ol j I f j M M a t tM tf ty f l I lI d y I it W a h t r t tM tn M n Li bert Bel i t ji 1 j A y Kr j I r J ii r f i to r kArr w N f e eF z F s t 1 f f 1 w John i 7 M Hall Chief among ann the tir patriotic shrines krie e of f Anier- Anier y ica ia is Independence I depend j jenc enc ence Hall in Phil Phil- I h adelphia because of if Us intimate r association with withA A yA s the th beginnings of f f f the tir Ration nation Here Her Heri i ith the th Continental tI rv 11 c congress cr met bete her Washington y yM yA wa M A p was made mad corn coo mander in ia of f the th alarm al arm army y and a d tk ru here her the th Declara Declara- f- f y tron of f w e ence c wa was a adopt ed I I iss is i s ow maintained iso as a a o of f R TO- TO TOsy i sy relics V s and most mo l yen v crated o of f them all is i the Ih bell which once nc pro pr claimed liberty L p throughout all a 11 the th land the struggle for liberty and hail bad himself trained his sons In the use of ot arms The rhe defeat at Brandywine threw Philadelphia In a panic Howe was marching on the city The Continental congress hastily adjourned to Lancaster In order to save the Liberty Bell from rom capture by the British It was taken down from Crom the steeple of the state house and under undercover rover of darkness darkness taken to Allentown where It was secreted under the floor of ot ZIon Reformed church There It remained for nearly a year year- year ear until the British evacuated ted Philadelphia On June 27 1778 It was waa returned to that city and later was hung again In the tower of ot tho the state statehouse house bouse In the meantime young John Marshall had ball fought In the Battle of or Germantown and hall hal one gone with Washington to his winter quarters a Valley Forge He lie went to Valley Forge a Vir- Vir Virginian Vir Virginian ginian he be came out of or It an American On June 28 28 1778 the day after the Liberty Bell nell was returned to Philadelphia he had bad a part In 10 the American victory at Monmouth and from that time on until the final victory came at Yorktown he served valorously In the Continental service Back In Philadelphia on October 21 1781 the Liberty Bell nell was as being rung to announce to the people that Is la taken I 1 On April 10 la 1783 1183 It rang out the news new that thai the treaty of peace had been signed As Aa for young John Marshall he had gone one back to his home In Virginia and started on tb career which was to make him one of Americas America's greatest Granted a license to practice law bt be betook took the steps In tn rapid succession which car him to the top of his bis election profession to the Virginia ass assembly the executive council the state legislature and tho the federal which met In 1788 to discuss the ratification ot of the Constitution All these bodies knew the Intelligent opera co-opera co lion of ot young Mr Marshall whose convincing arguments arg It t Is said did much to overthrow all obstacles to the adoption of the Constitution In relation to the much contested Jay Treaty too John Marshalls Marshall's In the arguments a Indicated his strong belief beller In the n for tor building up op a cen cen- central cen- cen central central government And And so ISO be he climbed and climbed In position and Influence He Be with Elbridge Gerry and Charles Pinckney was a special envoy to France rance leaving a II tactful Impression upon a troubled scene Then he was elected to congress where he led the forces of or the administration and took tooka a leading lending part In tile the debates In 1800 he be be be- became became became came President Jeffersons Jefferson's secretary of state and but one year later was appointed first chief justice of or the United Unite States which exalted once office he ho held for tor more than 30 SO years In the Su- Su Supreme Supreme Su Supreme preme court were exercised those qualities which enabled him him to leave a lofty and a lasting mark upon American forms forma and modes of ot gov government government hIs bis bre breadth J lh of f understanding his hia Marshall Statue at ft r f r 9 yes ft i M 11 a r rA A Lesson in Patriotism tolerance and 1 moderation his hla truly orIgInal viewpoint his stanch defense of or the Federal Constitution at a time Um when the powers of or that document were but ill defined e Meanwhile the Liberty Bell Ben had bad continued to mark with Its deep tones Important periods la If American history On December 18 1709 1703 It was Wal muffled and tolled In mourning for tor the death of the tho great grent Washington On February 19 lO 1801 It rang to announce the electIon of or Thomas Thomaa Jefferson as aa President ot of the United States On September 29 20 1824 1821 It rang to welcome welcom Lafayette to the Hall lIall of ot Independence On July 4 1820 It ushered In the year of or the the Jubilee the fiftieth anniversary of or AmerIcan Independence On Oa that day John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died But It was not until July 26 28 that the bell which had proclaimed Jeffersons Jefferson's Immortal masterpiece and had bad hailed balled his advent to the Presidency of the tho republic whose birth It had signalized now sounded his bl death knell On February 22 1832 the centenary of or Wash Wash- WashIngton's Waso Ington's birth the bell was rung for tor the last I time In honor of or the Father of Ills His Country During Durin that year It also tolled for the tho ot of Charles Carroll of or Carrollton the last sur sur- survivor survivor of the signers of ot the Declaration On July 21 1831 1831 It was tolled fer far the death dc of Lafayette La fayett The Revolutionary mission of or the bell here reaches Its completion Of the great reat actors In inthe lathe the drama drama few tew survived The author of or the Declaration was dead the leader lender of Its Ita armies was dead dead and he who wrote the resolutions of our independence was dead the colossus of or its Ita debates Its III diplomatist and Its r financier were dead Its Hs orator was dead Jefferson dead Jefferson Wash Wash- WashIngton Washington Washington ington ton Lee Lee Adams Adams Franklin Morris and Henry were dead and dead and of or all that Immortal list or of names names not one remained of the greater actors of ot that struggle one one John Marshall or of Virginia survived he sat ant In judgment on the finIshed work and gave the measure of ot lt It strength and power for tor the people people people- C to a e eThe e The year Is just 1835 1835 just years ago On July fl 6 John Marshall chief justice or of the United States breathed his last In Phila On July S 8 the precise anniversary of or the day that tho the bell bad had proclaimed liberty to the citizens of Philadelphia a solemn cortege e passed through the streets of or that city They were taking John Marshall back to his final resting place among tho the Virginia hills Slowly tolling during these rites riles the Liberti k Bell ell Bell cracked crack eructed cracked ed Perhaps there Is la more wore than mere coincidence In that fact tact I tr C 0 r K KW W H M u U l a a 1 l t |