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Show fields, and more than one bold thinker Is of the opinion that under our coal fields are' rich measures of oil. France and Germany have their oil measures yet to be developed, and only a few days ago reports of oil fields in Italy, came, to hand. Note that the distribution' of oil is far wider than that of coal. "Our liquid fuel resources are not confined to petroleum. From coal we can distill motor fuel and heavy oil engine fuel. In western Canada there exist billions of tons of coal which are too remote and bulky to be shipped many thousands of mfles as raw coal. If this coal be distilled on the spot we get so many gallons per ton of light and heavy motor oils, and most valuable residues of fertilizers, etc., which can find a sale all over the world. "Norfolk has shale-field- s extending over an area of some hundred square miles from which motor liquid fuels are now being extracted successfully. France has vast shale-fieldCanada has enormous tracts of tar sands and and America the shales in have as big an oil content as the whole shales; American petroleum resources. In many parts of South America big deposits of oil and shale are now being tapped; and Asia is immensely rich in liquid fuels from Japan to Arabia. Nor do our liquid fuel resources stop here. All over the world power alcohol can be distilled from well-nigevery form of vegetation. In the tropics is the where especially, growth rapid, untold and ceaseless supplies of power-alcohcan be obtained from the annual growths of many vegetable s. h ol Thus we catch a glimpse of what it means for Utah to join the states at the psychological period. Had we discovered oils a decade ago our industry would still be in its minor stage of development. The major stage of oil development is just beginning because the oil age has just begun. We have presented the picture values of the quest for oil in Utah, for that is the aspect in which we shall view it a few years hence. Looking backward we shall see how much it 1ms benefited the state as a whole and we shall little note the failures apd disappointments that lie between now and then. No doubt many high hopes will turn suddenly to dust. There will be wildcatting and blue sky deceptions. The imprudent will invest unwisely, taking long chances by purchasing stocks in companies that make hopes and dreams look like facts. oil-produc- - THE CITIZEN 4 ing s, Moreover, the. system , under which the lands are being pected must necessarily bring many to the end of their rainboj amazing suddenness; for they are asking permits with no tion of keeping the terms of the contract with the government, are risking everything on the prospect that the bona fide com! will strike oil near their land before their permits expire. the financial backing to sink wells of their own, they will m preparations to abide by the terms of the permit. If a company strikes oil they will benefit. Then they will a, the capital they need to complete their own prospecting or,????11 probably, they will sell their rights to others.- They are gamblil; the chance that the big outfits will strike oil near them this yt The interior department is slow about issuing permits anf ;1 show even greater deliberation as oil wells begin to come in. then it will not be necessary to issue prospectors permits. Tll 'V partment will find companies eager to lease the land and operate! on a royalty basis. c tol?C The companies have all the advantage and Kh will fall the task of sinking the first wells. If they strike will be able to buy. the rights or obtain the leases they re.quirifj extensive, development. And; of course, some of the smallej? will be in a position to sell, out at a good figure o r to finance 4 selves by merging with the successful companies. treaty So far as Utahs interests are concerned it makes little iema to the population as a whole just how the oil lands are developtjj long as the development takes place. The heart-burninoijy losers will have been forgotten a dozen years from now, forgij-jj- j even by themselves. The state will have reaped the rich harve j a new industry and an ampler civilization. realiz . . - . ' & well-financ- ed v " gs with SECRETARY HUGHES CONFRONTED BY'oft DIPLOMA TIC RIDDLES - her While there is apt to be general approval of President Hardings choice of Mr. Hughes for secretary of state the opponents of the League of Nations will speculate eagerly as to the foreign policy of the new administration. It will recur to most of us that Mr. Hughes was one of those who thought the covenant could be made safe by reservations. This was not at all the view of Mr. Harding, who came to the conclusion early that if there were to be an association of nations with the United States as a member such an association could be formed only after renewed negotiations. The American people were perfectly clear in their verdict. They did not want a military alliance with Europe. They did not want to guarantee territories or policies remote from their interests. They utterly opposed a league in which the United States was to have but a single vote and thus would be debarred from obtaining amendments to the covenant. Not only were they afraid of the league but they were hostile to the settlements of the Versailles treaty and of the treaties with Austria and Turkey; or, rather, they could not bring themselves to indorse any treaty framed by statesmen who could be guilty of the Shantung arrangement and other but little less discordant with American principles. As the election approached it grew clear to the voters that Europe had relapsed into a ruthless realism which had nothing in common with' American ideals. The Wilson administration had based its policy on active cooperation with the allies in the regulation of the world and on a special arrangement by which Japan was to be given a dominant position in China. To emphasize the point we need but allude to a convention entered into between our state department and Japan only last fall. By the terms of that convention we formally recognized that Japan had special privileges in China. The startling nature of this agreement will be appreciated only by those who see in it a salient departure from our traditional policy of the open door in China and friendliness for the Chinese. When Mr. Hughes takes office be. will. find these skeletons in w mala-adjust-me- nts been the closet. What will he do witli them? Will he follow hisimon inclinations and lean toward the League of Nations or will he repthed ate the league in favor of the international court plan. We tern; a right to think that, as a lawyer, he will be allured by the plat'thro an international court no matter what his predelictions for the leafmut We may be sure, moreover, that the events of the months itf veiling since the election, have not been lost on Mr. Hughes. He: ps seen the allies losing their unity of purpose and action. He has sfl18 them neglecting their own league and arranging special deals icAvc pty out consulting Geneva. The Wilson administration invited us to back only a part,11011 Europe and by no means the larger part. It was an invitation Scr peril of which the majority came soon to understand. And thejfa has grown more ominous since the election because of the defect na of some of the members of the league notably Argentina and Gret It seems to be the idea of Mr. Wilson that the United Star sig must be a timid partner of Great Britain and Japan. He was wilt C01 to forget the old friendship of China' and the United States and nu oc amazing concessions to Tokio. Had he gained the lasting frier ship of Japan by inviting the enmity of China there would have method in what appeared to be madness, but we must ask ourscteP whether any sentiment of allcction can be created between i Japanese and us by a policy which has in it nothing more soulful $ S1 a purchase price. We could view the policy with at least some measure of cynic in satisfaction if it kept Japanese interests away from the Pacific i n fastened on Asia, if it improved our chances of a peaceful (levels C ' ment of our trade with the Far East during a long course o yea' We could even welcome such a policy if Japan, abandoning its settk antagonism, should grant us a free hand in the Far East withff v t exacting of us unfriendliness toward China. a Our trans-Pacifi- c policy is of the deepest concern because direction we must look for trade while Europe is getting stn, 1 enough financially to deal with us again. For years the Europe nations rtill be in keen competition among themselves and will1, j I0 . j |