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Show commissions stressed the steady decline de-cline la oar defences on land and eea and In the air, bnt the Prealdent Indicated Indi-cated that he wii not In sympathy with the demands for huge sums to be expended on armament The bouse passed the Interior department appropriation appro-priation bill carrying a total of $238,-000,000. $238,-000,000. Congress took a holiday recess from December 20 to December 29. On December 8 two huge public benefactions ben-efactions were announced. 'James B. Duke, tobacco and power magnate, gaye $46,000,000 to educational Institutions Institu-tions In North and South Carolina; and George Eastman, head of the Eastman East-man Kodak, company of Rochester, N. Y gave $12,900,000 to colleges, politics. Nearly a score of names were presented for the presidential nomination, with William O. McAdoo and Got. Al Smith of New York leading. lead-ing. The former was credited with support from the Ku Klur klan and the latter Is a Roman Catholic, therefore there-fore the religious Issue became deplorably de-plorably prominent. The committee on resolutions struggled over two points especially whether or not the klan should be denounced by iiaroe and whether or not the party should declare Itself definitely In favor of American membership In the League of Nations. Both questions went before be-fore the convention In minority reports and many fiery speeches were made. The delegates decided not to name the klan snd not to declare for league fandarlt In February, and be was followed fol-lowed by Papanastaslon In March. On March 25 the assembly, Ignoring the protests of Great Britain, voted to depose de-pose the Glucksbourg dynasty and establish es-tablish a republic, subject to a plebiscite. plebis-cite. The people voted In favor of the republic on April 13 and the royal family went Into exile. Nlcolai Leuia, the master mind of soviet Russia, who had been Incapacitated for a long time, died on January 21 and Alexis L Rykov was chosen to succeed him as premier. The funeral of Lenin was an extraordinary demonstration and his tomb has become the national shrine. The Turkish assembly voted on March 3 to depose the caliph and abolish abol-ish the caliphate and next day the caliph left for Switzerland. President Mustapha Kemal worked hard for the subscribed In most countries. German Industry responded Instantly and the smooth and efficient operation of the Dawes plan seemed assured. Several attempts were made during 1 the year to forward the further reduction reduc-tion of armaments by agreement, but nothing definite was accomplished until un-til September, when Prime Minister MacDonald of Great Britain submitted submit-ted to the League of Nations his plan for an International agreement for security, se-curity, arbitration and disarmament. The discussion was heated, and Japan refused to adhere because the plan prohibited wars based on Internal policies poli-cies of nations. Her delegates did not conceal the fact that they were referring re-ferring especially to the Japanese exclusion ex-clusion clause of the American Immigration Immi-gration law, which already had caused protests from Tokyo and boycotts and REVIEW OF THE EVENTS OF 1 924 Chief Happening of the Past Twelve Month at Home and in Other Lands. DAWES PLAN IN EFFECT turope en ths Way to Economic RecoveryBritish Re-coveryBritish Labor Govern, msnt Overthrown Republicans Win Great Victory (n Atnerl-can Atnerl-can Election Flight of Army Planes Around World. By EDWARD W. PICKARD 1 - Many events of greut moment Barked the year 1924. First of these In Importance undoubtedly was' the formulation, adoption and patting Into operation of the Dawes plan for the payment of German reparations ami Indirectly the financlul - and economic regeneration of that country and Eu- rope generally. The success of this scheme means much for the entire civilized civ-ilized world. Having been devised mainly by Americans, it adds to the prestige of America. Wars were few and not especially . Important Internationally. The outstanding out-standing ones were the civil war for the control of ' the government of China, the attempt of Spain to conquer con-quer the rebellious tribesmen of Morocco, Mo-rocco, the suppression of a rebellion ; In Mexico and a long drawn-out revo-, revo-, lutlonary movement In Brazil. There were also several of the always-to-be-expected Internecine conflicts In Ccn-. Ccn-. tral America. On the whole Mnrs had " rather an Idle year. For a time the alarmists talked of war between the United States and Japan over the Japanese exclusion clause In the new American Immigration law, but the crisis was passed safely, for the time at least. Great Britain jiperlenced the novelty nov-elty of being under a Labor government govern-ment which was fairly successful until It got 'tangled up with the Russian Soviets, whereupon It was ousted, the Conservatives winning the parliamentary parliamen-tary elections by large majorities. Stanley Baldwin again became prime minister. During the first quarter of the year the soviet government of Russia won recognition from almost every Important country except the United States, but the soviet leaders continued to recede from their Bolshevik Bol-shevik principles. Socialists captured the government of France and Herrlot became premier. President Mustapha Kemal of Turkey and Dictator Mussolini Musso-lini of Italy were subjected to severe attacks from political opponents and were forced to more llberul attitudes. In the United States the biggest event of the, year was the notional prosperity of his country, but his dictatorial dic-tatorial methods brought about a powerful pow-erful combination of his opponents that cave him much trouble. In November No-vember this group forced the resignation resigna-tion of Premier Ismet Pasha, the President's Pres-ident's right-hand man; he was succeeded suc-ceeded by FethI Bey. Arabia's radical religionists, the Wahabls, under Ibn Saud revolted against the rule of King Hussein of the Hedjas and that monarch abdicated abdi-cated on October 3 at the demand of the citizens of Mecca and Jeddah. Emir All, his son, was put on the throne, but had no better success than his father, for In the middle of October Octo-ber Wahabls occupied Mecca, Germany's relchstag was dissolved March 13 and a hot campaign ensued, the Nationalists planning to restore the monarchy. In the elections the Social Democrats easily won. The cabinet of Chancellor Marx resigned May 27, but he was retained In office. Again In October the relchstag was dissolved, Marx having failed to reorganize re-organize the ministry satisfactorily. Thereupon he cut loose entirely from the Nationalists. New elections were held December 7. On November 7 the German budget was balanced for the first time since the war. The relchstag relchs-tag elections came on December 7 and the three parties supporting the republic repub-lic and the Dawes plan won the most seats. However, Chancellor Marx found It so difficult to form a new cabinet cabi-net that he and his ministers resigned on December 15, carrying on until their successors could be chosen. The FascUtI won the Italian elections elec-tions on April 6, but the tide against Fascism rose steadily. Big. MatteottI, a Socialist deputy, was kidnaped and murdered by ITascistl In June and Premier Pre-mier Mussolini faced a crisis which he survived only by the most energetic action. He dissolved the national militia mi-litia and reorganized his government, and some of his prominent supporters were ousted. His opponents were kept fairly quiet until November when, confronted by another attack in parliament, par-liament, Mussolini frankly admitted the faults of the Fascists and promised prom-ised to punish their excesses and to curb their utterances, beginning with himself. threats against Americans In Japan. They Insisted the agreement must provide pro-vide that any nation might ask the league to arbitrate Internal affairs of any other nation, and the league assembly as-sembly yielded to them and adopted the protocol with such amendment. Assent of the legislative bodies of all member nations of courge was requisite, requi-site, and as time went on It became evident this could not be obtained. The British parliament, It was believed, be-lieved, was almost certain not to agree since Cunada, Australia and New Zealand Zea-land were bitterly opposed. In October Great Britain and Turkey Tur-key were at swords' points over the old Mosul oil fields dispute, but they submitted the matter to the League of Nations council, which ordered the status quo be maintained for the present. pres-ent. Sir Lee Slack, sirdar of the Egyptian Egyp-tian army and governor general of the Sudan, was murdered by Egyptian nationalists na-tionalists In November. The British government, swiftly moving warships and troops to strategic positions, demanded de-manded an apology. Indemnity of $2.-300,000, $2.-300,000, punishment of the assassins, and, most Important, concessions concerning con-cerning the Sudan and the great irrigation irri-gation project there. Premier Zagloul Pasha resigned and Zlwar, bis successor suc-cessor yielded to all the demands. The root of the trouble was the control of the Sudan, which was claimed by both nations. Great Britain's war debt to the United Unit-ed States was funded on a basis generally gen-erally satisfactory, and late In the year France began negotiations to fund her debt to us. The British government at once announced that If France or any other nation that was In debt to Britain Brit-ain paid the United States, she would expect to receive payment from them In proportion. This checked the proceedings pro-ceedings for the time. Poland already had arranged for the funding of her American debt. . The Irish Free State registered with 'the League of Nations the treaty with England by which it was granted Its measure of independence, but in December De-cember the British government protested pro-tested against this action, asserting that the league had nothing to do with arrangements between sections of the British empire. ; ( of Texas; George Randolph Chester, author; Mrs. Lydla Coonley Wai-0. writer. In March! Ex-Congressman J. M. Levy of New Tork; W. F. Lee. Chicago Chi-cago publisher; A. H. Smith, president New York Central; Daniel Rldgeway Knight, American artist; Oen. P. Dangilt, Greek soldier and statesman; Lopes Oulterrez, de facto president of Honduras; Federal Judges F. H. Baker and 0. W. Jack ; Dr. W. O. Still-man, Still-man, head of American Humana association asso-ciation ; Dean N. C. Kicker of University Univer-sity of Illinois; Newton Fuessle, novelist; nov-elist; Barney Barnard, comedian ; Gen. Robert Nlvella, defender of Verdun Dr. T. G Mendenhall, educator; James McNally. Chicago publisher; Sir Charles Stanford. Irish composer; Dr. P. A. Baker, general superintendent superinten-dent Anti-Saloon league; Glen Mae-Donough, Mae-Donough, musical comedy librettist. In April: Charles A. Munn, publisher pub-lisher Scientific American ; ex-Senator M. A. Smith of Arizona; Hugo Stlnnes, German Industrial magnate; William Bayard Hale, American Journalist; Louis H. Sullivan, eminent Chicago architect; F. X. Leyendecker. artist; Eleonora Duse, Italian actress; Marie Corelll, English novelist; Lindon W. Bates, American waterway expert; Karl Helfferich, German statesman; J. Sloat Fassett, New Tork political leader; O. Stanley Hall, psychologist; Charles F. Murphy, head of Tammany Hall; ex-Gov. E. L. Norris of Montana; Mon-tana; Niels Gron, Danish-American diplomat ; Sir Horace Nugent, English statesman. In May: H. M. Byllesby, flnoneler and engineer; Dean C. Worcester, scientist; Kate Claxton, actress; Mrs. Hubert Work, wife of secretary of interior; in-terior; Katie Putnam, veteran actress; H. H. Windsor, publisher of Populor Mechanics; George Kennan, traveler and writer; Baron Constant d'Estour-nelles d'Estour-nelles of France; Sir Edward Goschen, British diplomat; Victor Herbert, composer; com-poser; Aaron Hoffmen, playwright; Paul Cambon, French diplomat. In June: Bishop II. C. Sttinz ot Omaha; H. S. Bronson, president National Na-tional Editorial association; Peter Clark Macfarlane, author; Frank O. Carpenter, traveler and writer. In July: A. A. Adee, second assistant assist-ant secretary of state; Calvin Coolldge, Cool-ldge, Jr., ton of the President ; Palmer Cox, author and artist ; Ferrucclo Bu-sonl, Bu-sonl, composer; Edward Peple, dramatist dram-atist In August: George Shiras, former Justice of United States Supreme court; Joseph Conrad, author, In England; Eng-land; ex-Senator C. E. Townsend of i Michigan; Mary Stuart Cutting, nov- I elist ; Mrs. Joseph Jefferson, widow of the actor ; Dr. Richard Green Moulton. educator; Senator LeRaron B. Colt of Rhode Island; Mrs. Lucy Page Gas- . ton, antl-clgarette crusader: Charles B. Lewis ("M. Quad"), humorist; Adolph Seeman, pioneer circus man; Julia Relnhardt, actress. In September: Edward F. Geers, noted harness driver; Dario Resta, automobile racer; Maria T. Daviess, author; Frank Chance, noted buseball player and manager; Charles Zeublln, educator; ex-Gov. W. L. Douglas of Massachusetts; J. W. Schaeberle, astronomer; as-tronomer; James Carruthers, "wheat king" of Canada; ex-Senator It. J. Gamble of South Dakota; Congressman Congress-man W. R. Greene of Massachusetts; Brig. Gen. C. E. Sawyer, President Harding's physician ; Estrada Cabrera, ex-President of Guatemula; Charlotte Crabtree (Lotta), veteran actress; H. L. Brldgeman, New York publisher. In October: Sir William Price, Canadian Ca-nadian capitalist; ex-Gov. Warren Garst of Iowa; Dr.- W. A. Shanklin, educator; Charles L. Hutchinson, Chicago Chi-cago banker and art patron; Anatole France, dean of French letters; E. L. I. nrkln, astronomer; Dr. L. C. Seelye, first president of Smith college; Senator Sena-tor Frank Brandegee of Connecticut; II. H. Kolhsaat, former Chicago newspaper news-paper publisher; Admiral Sir Percy Scott, British gunnery expert; F, Wight Neumann, Impressarlo; ex-Gov. H. A. Buchtel of Colorado; John H. Wright, Journalist; Secretary of Agriculture Agri-culture Henry C. Wallace ; Laura Jean Libbey, novelist; Lew Dockstader, minstrel; Percy D. Haughton, football foot-ball authority; Gen. W. B. Halderoan, commander of United Confederate Veterans; James B. Forgan, Chicago banker; Edward Bell, American diplomat; diplo-mat; W. E. Lewis, publisher New York Telegraph; T. C Harbaugh, author au-thor of Nick Carter stories; Frances schools and hospitals. INDUSTRIAL AND LABOR Labor In the United States bad a prosperous and In general quiet year. There was not one general strike; wages maintained their high level and in many Instances were Increased. In-creased. The New York Central Railway Rail-way company Increased the pay of 15,-000 15,-000 employees on January 22 ; Chicago teamsters won an Increase In February Feb-ruary by a short strike, and so did several other local unions later. Wages of various classes of railway employees em-ployees were raised during the year by the federal board. Only the textile workers of Maine suffered a reduction, In November. Silk workers of Pater-son. Pater-son. N. J., went on strike and so did the garment workers of both New York and Chicago. The American Federation of Labor held Its convention In El Paso, Texas. Communism and the labor party movement were again squelched, and Samuel Gompers was re-elected president presi-dent He and many of the delegates went to Mexico City for the convention conven-tion of the Pan-American Labor Federation. Fed-eration. Mr. Gompers was elected president of that body. While there he suddenly fell 111 and was hurriedly brought back to San Antonio, where he died on December 13. In July the federal trade commission commis-sion ordered all steel companies to abandon the "Pittsburgh plus" system, sys-tem, which was said to work Injustice to the Middle West. The commission also accused the Aluminum Company of America of questionable practices. Organized labor won a great victory on October 20 when the Supreme court of the United States ruled that federal fed-eral courts must grant Jury trials In contempt cases growing out of labor disputes. DISASTERS While there was in 1924 no such terrific disaster as the Japanese earthquake earth-quake of the previous year, the list of quakes, conflagrations, mine explosions, explo-sions, tornadoes and other visitations was long and the loss of life was heavy. The Red Cross was kept busy throughout the year. The worst of these occurrences were as. follows: January 3, explosion In starch factory in Pekln, 111., 38 killed; January 10, British submarine with crew of 43 sunk in collision ; January 15 and 16, severe earthquakes In Japan, India and Colombia; January 28, coal mine explosion at Shanktown, Pa., 40 killed ; February 5, 42 killed when pond broke through Into Iron mine near CrosVv, Minn. ; March 1, explosion of TNTat Nixon, N. J., killed 18; March 4, San Jose, Costa Rica, half wrecked by quake; March 8, mine explosion at Castle Gate, Utah, killed 175; March 26, landslide near Amalfl, Italy, killed 100; April 28, mine explosion at Wheeling, W. Va., fatal to 111; April 30, destructive and fatal tornadoes In Southern states ; May 27, tornadoes In South killed 45; May 28, Bucharest arsenal blew up with great loss of life; May 31, 22 Inmates of defective girls' school In California burned to death; June 12, turret explosion on battleship Mississippi killed 43; June 28, tornado killed 150 and did vast damage at Lorain, Ohio; in August, thousands killed In floods In China and Formosa, and 80 lives lost In Virgin Vir-gin Islands hurricane; September 18, mine explosion at Sublet, Wyo., killed 39 ; September 21, storms In Wisconsin fatal to 68; October 20, 14 killed by explosion on U. S. S. Trenton ; November Novem-ber 12, hundreds of lives lost In earthquakes earth-quakes In Java ; November 14 and 16, destructive conflagrations In Jersey City, N. J. membership. Balloting for a presidential presi-dential nominee began June 30 and It was Immediately apparent that there was a deadlock, for neither McAdoo nor Smith would give way unless the other would do the same. Day after day the voting went on, most of the other aspirants dropping out one by one. As the one hundredth ballot drew near the vote for John W. Davit began be-gan to grow. On the one hundred and third ballot the break came and Davis obtained a majority. The nomination ' was then made unanimous. Out of a dozen names put up for the vice presidency, pres-idency, Mr. Davis selected that of Charles W. Bryan, governor of Nebraska Ne-braska and brother of William J., and he was nominated. While this wss going on Senator La-Follette La-Follette became the candidate of a third party that called Itself the Progressive. Pro-gressive. He was Indorsed by the chiefs of the Federation of Labor, and, apparently against his will, by the Socialist party. Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana was given second sec-ond place on the ticket. There were several other candidates, as usual, who cut no figure In the results. The evident plan of the LoFollette following follow-ing was to cause a deadlock la the electoral college and throw the election elec-tion into congress. When the votes of the nation were counted on the night of November 4 It was found that Coolldge bad carried 35 states, with 382 votes In the elec-tnyl elec-tnyl college; Davis had carried 12 states, all In the "Solid South," with 136 electoral votes, and LaFollette had won only the 13 electoral votes of Wisconsin. Coolidge's popular plurality plural-ity was nearly 10,000,000. The Republicans Re-publicans also won complete control of the next congress. Among the Interesting results of the day was the election of two women as governors of states. They are Mrs. Miriam Ferguson of Texas and Mrs. Nellie T. Ross of Wyoming. Al Smith gave an Impressive demonstration of his popularity by overcoming a huge Republican ' plurality in New York state and defeating Theodore Roosevelt, Roose-velt, Jr., for the governorship. Scandal resulting from the leasing of naval oil reserve lands furnished material for bitter attacks on the administration ad-ministration and for long lnvestlga-ions lnvestlga-ions by senatorial committees. Albert it. Fall, former secretary of the Interior, In-terior, was badly Involved, and others were smirched. Secretary of the Navy Denby resigned under pressure. President Presi-dent Coolldge and congress took steps to bring the guilty to Justice and to recover the reserves. Court proceedings proceed-ings are still going on. Congress gave considerable time to a bill for tax reduction re-duction and passed a measure that Included In-cluded many features urged by the Democrats and insurgent Republicans. A soldiers' bonus bill also was passed. The President vetoed It, but both house and senate overrode the veto. An Immigration bill before congress contained a clause that would exclude the Japanese. The ambassador from Tokyo protested against this, and so vexed congress that the measure was quickly passed and signed by the President. Pres-ident. Four airplanes manned by eight army pilots started on a flight, around the world from Santa Monica, Cal., on March 17. In the Alaskan Islands the commander, Major Martin, and his plane came to grief and the other planes continued the flight With ninny vicissitudes and some exciting experiences the flyers made their way to Japan, China, India, and so on through Europe to Iceland, where another an-other plane was wrecked. The two remaining planes successfully flew to Greenland and thence home. Aviators of several other nations attempted the same feat but all failed. Curtis D. Wilbur of California became be-came secretary of the navy on March 14 when Mr. Denby retired. Attorney General Daugherty resigned March 28 at the request of the President be- Chlna's civil war for 1924 broke oul September 3 In the Shanghai region between the armies of Chekiang and Klangsu provinces, the former being backed by Gen. Wu Pei-fu, military chieftain of the Peking government am! the latter having the moral support sup-port of Marshal Chang Tso-lln of Manchuria. Man-churia. The Cheklang troops were victorious after a long campaign, but meanwhile Chang had moved on Peking and defeated his old enemy Wu, partly through the treachery of the letter's chief general, Feng Yu-hslang. Yu-hslang. President Tsao Kun resigned. Feng took possession of Peking, but was practically eliminated by Chang, and the Manchurlan made Tuan Chl-Jul Chl-Jul head of a provisional government. On this side of the Atlantic there was the long drawn-out rebellion in the state of Rio do Sul, Brazil, the chief effect of which elsewhere was the Increase In the price of coffee; and, early In the year, an attempted revolution In Mexico which caused the federal government a lot of trouble. Gen. Plutarco Cailes was elected President Pres-ident of Mexico and was Inaugurated on December 1. Gonzales Cordova was elected President of Ecuador, Hnracio Vasquez of Santo Domingo, Carlos Solorzano of Nicaragua and Gerardo Machado of Cuba. There was a rebellion in Honduras In the spring that was ended through the Intervention Interven-tion of the United Stutes, and a treaty of peace by the Central American nations na-tions was signed. In Chile a military group came to the fore and caused President Alessandrl to resign. However, How-ever, the senate refused his resignation resigna-tion and gave him six months' leave In Europe. FOREIGN AFFAIRS With the aid of the Liberals lu parliament, par-liament, the Labor government of Great Britoln functioned through most of the year. It took office on January 22 with Ramsay MacDonald as prime minister. Its policies were fairly moderate, mod-erate, but several of Its bills were beaten, notnbly those for the aid of the poor and for the nationalization of mines. It did not resign because no party then had a majority In parliament. parlia-ment. However, the people rebelled against the treaties with soviet Russia Rus-sia which MacDonald negotiated, and on October 8 the bouse of commons refused him a Vote of confidence. Parliament Par-liament was at once prorogued and the general election set for October 20. At the polls the Conservatives won an overwhelming victory, getting 413 of the 615 seats In the house. The Liberal party seemed almost wiped out and the Laborites suffered heavy losses. Stanley Baldwin was selected to be prime minister again and on November No-vember C his government took office. To the great relief of France, Austen Chamberlain was made foreign secretary secre-tary Instead of Lord Curzon. Winston Churchill, a free trader and determined deter-mined foe of socialism, was named chancellor of the exchequer. England's most serious trouble Internally In-ternally continued to be unemployment. unemploy-ment. This Increased through the year, and so, unfortunately, did the cost of living. In February there was a great dockers' strike which threatened threat-ened to xmt off most of the country's food supplies. But through the efforts of MacDonald and hU colleagues It was soon settled. France changed her government twice. Premier Polncnre was not In sympathy with the movement to restore re-store friendly relations with Germany, and on June 1 he resigned. Francols-Marsal Francols-Marsal formed a ministry which lasted only a few days, and then President M'.llerand also gave up his office. The radical Socialists who are not so radical there as In some countries took charge and made Edouard Her-riot Her-riot premier, after Gaston Domergue had been elected President. On September Sep-tember 30 France turned out a balanced bal-anced budget for the first time In ten years. Austria in November lost the Invaluable Inval-uable services of her chancellor. Mgr. Selpel, who resigned because of a general gen-eral railway strike for higher wages and other unsatisfactory conditions due fargely to the greedy profiteers of Vienna. He was succeeded by Rudolph Ru-dolph Ramek. At one time or another during the year the governments of Japan, Belgium, Albania, South Africa, i Yugo-Slavta, Finland and Portugal also changed hands. Greece went further than that Venlzelos formed a mlnls- ( try In January, was succeeded by Kar '"' . ' V.', . . election, together with the sensatlonnl Democratic convention which resulted In the nomination of John W. Davis and Charles W. Bryan, and Urn Independent Inde-pendent candidacy of Si:bior LaFollette LaFol-lette and Senator Wheeler on a radical radi-cal platform. Despite the oil reserve scandal that had laid the Republican administration open to attuck. the voters of the land, by a plurality of about 10,000,000, decided that Calvin Coolldge should continue In the presidential presi-dential offl.ee, with Charles Gates Dawes as vice president. During the long months of the campaign business In the United States had languished, but immediately after the election It revived rapidly, and at the same time there began a considerable boom In securities on the stock exchanges. INTERNATIONAL AF-FAIRS AF-FAIRS When the year began the matter of German, reparations was still foremost among the problems awaiting settlement. settle-ment. The commission of experts appointed ap-pointed by the reparations commission and beaded by Gen. Charles G. Dawes of America began Its work January 14 with the examination of Germany's capacity ca-pacity to pay. It functioned rapidly nd with precision, formulated what has been known as the Dawes plan, and submitted Its report on April 9. Two days later this was accepted by the reparations commission, and on April 15 It was approved by the German Ger-man and British governments. Belgium, Bel-gium, Italy and Japan accepted It on April 20, but France, mainly for political po-litical reasons, withheld approval for the time being. On July 15, Owen D. Young of San Francisco accepted ac-cepted the position of fiscal agent of the Dawes plan, and the same day the allied premier's met In London to discuss dis-cuss the operation of the scheme. Later they Invited Germany to send a delegation, and the conference resulted result-ed in complete agreement. France M-oniised to evacuate the Ruhr within a yenr, and almost Immediately began get her military and civil forces out of the region. The London agreement vat ratified by the parliaments, the German relchstag passed the bills necessary nec-essary for the operation of the plan end the pact was formally signed on August 30. It was the only scheme yet put forward upon which the various nations could agree, and Its adoption whs hailed the world over as the beginning be-ginning of the recuperation of Europe from the disastrous effects of the war. Germany began making payments under the Dawes plan on September 2. Next day Seymour Porker Gilbert, a young American financial expert, was appointed agent general of repa-: repa-: rations, and on October 10 the big loan to Germany was offered to the world. It was promptly heavily over- Hodgson Burnett, author. In November: Kal Neilson, Danish sculptor; T. E. Cornish, first president of Bell Telephone company; ex-Senator Cornelius Cole of California; Ferdinand Peck, pioneer Chicagoan ; Gabriel Fanre, French composer; Gen. Anson Mills; Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts; ex-Gov. W. K. Kitchln of North Carolina; President Presi-dent Samuel Plantz of Lawrence college, col-lege, Appleton, Wis.; B. S. Montagu, English statesman; E. E. Rlct, theatrical the-atrical producer; Mrs. J, P. Morgan, Sr.; A. N. McKay, editor Salt Lake Tribune; Cardinal Logue of Ireland; Thomas H. Ince, moving picture producer; pro-ducer; Gen. Sir Lee Stack, sirdar of Egyptian army; Mrs. Warrea G. Harding; Hard-ing; C. S. Fairchlld, former secretary of the treasury; Duke f Beaufort; Giacemo Puccini, Italian composer. . In December: Clprlano Castro, former for-mer dictator of Venezuela ; Mrs. Gena Stratton Porter, novelist ; W. C. Brown, former president New York Central; Bishop H. J. Alerding of Fort Wayne, Ind. ; William C. Reick, Journalist; Chief Grand Rabbi Isaac Friedman of Vienna, In New York; Mablon Pitney, former Justice of the U. S. Supreme court ; August Belmont, financier and sportsman ; Edward Holslag, American artist ; Samuel Gompers, president American Federation of Labor; Congressman Con-gressman T. F. Appleby of New Jersey Jer-sey ; Martin F. Glynn, former govern of of New York. & 1IU. W ultra NivipHtf !.; ' NECROLOGY Of the many notable men and women wom-en who were claimed by death during the year these" were the more famous : In January: Mrs. Martha Foote Crowe, author and educator; Rev. S. Baring Gould, English author; former Senator Nathan B. Scott of West Virginia; Vir-ginia; John Ley land, English naval authority; Alfred Gruenfeld, Austrian composer; A. F. Adams, Impressarlo of musicians; Dr. Basil Glldersleeve, American savant; former Senator W. V. Allen of Nebraska; George Cram Cook, author and playwright; Dr. Maurice Francis Egan, diplomat and author ; Nlcelal Lenin, premier of Russia; Rus-sia; Gen. Lee Christmas, soldier of fortune: W. C. Fox, former minister to Ecuador; Grand Duchess Marie of Luxemburg. In February: Dr. L. S. McMurtry, noted surgeon; Woodrow Wilson, twenty-eighth President of United States; Rear Admiral T. O. Selfrldge; Col. William Llghtfoot Vlsscher, soldier sol-dier and writer; Pierce Anderson, Chicago Chi-cago architect; Dr. Jacques Loeb, biologist ; Rev. Mother Vincent de Paul, superior general of Gray Nuns of the Sacred Heart; Bishop Alexander Alexan-der B. Garrett In Texas; Bishop J. E. Ounn of Mississippi; R. F. Goodman, millionaire lumberman of Wisconsin; Congressman H. G. Dnpre of Louisiana; Louisi-ana; Bishop T. Meerschaert of Oklahoma; Okla-homa; ex-Congressman 3. L. Slayden cause his official actions were assailed and under investigation. He was succeeded suc-ceeded by Harlan FIske Stone of New York. Secretary of Agriculture Wallace Wal-lace died October 25 and Howard Gore was named to fill the post until March 4. Friendly relations with Mexico having hav-ing been restored, Charles B. Warren was appointed ambassador In February. Feb-ruary. Later he resigned and James R. Sheffield of New York was named Cyrus Woods, ambassador to Japan, resigned in May and in August Edgar A. Bancroft of Chicago was given that post. Hugh S. Gibson was made minister min-ister to Switzerland In March. Congress began the short session on December 1. President Coolldge In his message urged economy and tax reduction re-duction and measures to relieve agriculture, agri-culture, declared himself In favor of further reduction of armaments, adherence ad-herence to the permanent court of International In-ternational Justice, against Joining the League of Nations and against cancellation can-cellation of war debts owed the United States by other nations. The senate on December 11 passed the house bill appropriating $140,000,-000 $140,000,-000 for the rehabilitation of the navy. The annual reports ef the secretaries at war and the navy and of several DOMESTIC AFFAIRS Politics consumed a vast amount of time and energy In the United States, as is the case every four years. There was little doubt from the first that the Republicans would nominate President Pres-ident Coolldge to succeed himself. Both Senator Hiram Johnson and Senator Robert M. LaFollette were candidates in the preferential primary states, but the former won almost no delegates and the latter only those from Wisconsin. Wiscon-sin. The convention was held In Cleveland, Cleve-land, opening on June 10 with Frank W. Mondell as chairman. The Wisconsin Wis-consin delegation presented LaFol-lette's LaFol-lette's substitute platform, which had no support outside that delegation, and It also cast its vote for the senator. sena-tor. Coolldge was nominated on the first ballot, the vote being: Coolldge, 1,005; LaFollette, 34; Johnson, 10. Frank O. Lowden of Illinois was nominated nomi-nated for vice president, but declined and the place was given to Gen. Charles Gates Dawes of Chicago. The Democrats convened In New York on June 24 and did not complete their work until the early morning of July 10 the most protracted national convention la the history of Americas |
