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Show MI10MAL Unprecedented Progress in Education UNPKKCEDENTKD progress In education wus made In the United States during 1024, there being more real achievement achieve-ment than any year yet recorded, according ac-cording to a statement made by John J. . TIgert, commissioner of education of the Department of the Interior. The statement follows In part : During the year there were enrolled In the public, elementary and high schools 25,000.000 pupils, of whom about 3,500,000 were In the high schools; there were enrolled In the private and parochial schools about 2,000,000, with 500,000 in the secondary second-ary schools; universities and college enrolled over 700,000 students; the teachers' colleges and normal schools enrolled 800,000 pupils, of whom about 40,000 were students In the secondary stnge; business colleges and commercial commer-cial schools enrolled 330,000 students. The average dally attendance In public, high and elementary schools was In the vicinity of 20,700.000 pupils. These enrollments can be best appreciated appre-ciated when compared with the year 1000, for example. In the twenty-four years since 1000 attendance In the public pub-lic elementary schools has Increased 44 per cent; In the public high schools, 574 per cent; In the colleges and universities, uni-versities, 272 per cent, and In the teuchers' colleges and normal schools, 274 per cent. Very naturally, these enormous Increases In-creases In attendance have Involved a corresponding Increase In 'cost. It Is estimated that the educational bill In 1024 amounted to $1,800,000,000. In the fle!d of rural education, where progress has always been slowest, there has been a tendency to supplant untrained and nonprofessional administrative admin-istrative officials with those who have been fitted by special training for their task. More than 25 per cent of the states raised their standard for certificates cer-tificates during the year. Hural teachers' salaries Increased on an average of $100.. The term was considerably lengthened, and there was a corresponding Increase In average dally attendance. In the neighborhood of 1,000 school consolidations were made. Expenditures for transportation transporta-tion Increased $.3,500,000, and about 5,000 one-room schools were closed because be-cause of the coming of more adequate consolidated schools. Public education In the cities was marked by the most extensive building program ever yet attempted. Madden Questions Power of President THE legal right of President Cool-idge Cool-idge to appoint a commission unless congress authorizes It has been challenged by Martlp B. Madden, chairman of the appropriations appropria-tions committee of the house, and that committee has turned down White House requests for $275,000 to pay the expenses of the St. Lawrence commission, commis-sion, and for $50,000 to pay traveling and other" expenses of the agricultural commission. When a deficiency bill was reported to the house, the appropriation committee com-mittee announced that It whs unable to approve the two recommendations because they were "propositions of major Importance for which there is apparently not sufficient substantive law to bring them within the Jurisdiction Jurisdic-tion of the committee." Mr. Madden's attitude toward the St. Lawrence commission appropriation appropria-tion was indicated when Brig. Gen. Edgar Jadwin, assistant to the chief of engineers, appeared before a subcommittee sub-committee of the appropriations committee. com-mittee. The general started out to read a memorandum showing that the President had appointed the commission, commis-sion, headed by Herbert Hoover, secretary sec-retary of commerce, but Mr. Madden demanded : "What authority granted j the right to appoint the commission on which Mr. Hoover served?" "The President appointed It" General Gen-eral Jadwin replied. "Where was the lawT countered Mr. Madden. Later Mr. Madden stated that the only legal authorization for funds to study the St. Lawrence waterway waa under the International Joint commission, commis-sion, "and that report must be made to congress. The President has no legal authority to appoint a commission commis-sion unless congress authorize! it." The letter from Mr. Coolldge asking for $50,000 for the agricultural commission com-mission stated thut the members bad agreed to work for nothing. And he said: "I feel that as the services they are rendering the government are In the Interest of the whole people of thta nation, the government should pay their expenses while engaged on this task." Robert D. Carey, one of the members, mem-bers, told the committee that as two members lived In California, two in Minnesota, two in Wyoming, two In Pennsylvania, one In New York, and one in Kansas, every time they came to Washington and returned abont $1,000 in railroad fares was needed. Farmers Coolidge and Lowden in Accord (T F YOU want to see the day when I the grand old yeoman stock of JL our country," said Frank O. Lowden In a speech before the co-operative marketing conference, "shall be replaced by the peasant and all that the peasant Implies, then resign re-sign yourselves to marketing conditions condi-tions so unfair, so unscientific, so largely based on speculative greed that It makes a large crop worth less In the aggregate than a small crop. "Take cotton as an example. This happens: Increase the yield less than 5 per cent and you decrease the price 20 per cent Is there any Justification for such a system of marketing as that? Under any just, sane or sensible sen-sible system would that sort of paradox para-dox be possible? "It happens in butter, In corn, In hogs. Is it any wonder farmers lost faith In the present method of marketing market-ing farm products when they saw 1923 corn marketed at a price below the price of production?" A few minutes after Farmer Lowden Low-den had finished President Calvin Coolidge Cool-idge hacked him up. Farmer Coolidge agreed with him, saying: ' "Firmly as I believe in the broadest j and soundest programs of co-operative ' marketing, I want to make plain that I am no blind believer In any magical attribute of the co-operative proceeding. proceed-ing. A good deal that Is positively mischievous has been put about In this regard. There is a school ot co-operators who seem to believe that the program pro-gram can be started at the top and built downward. They want the government, gov-ernment, or the banks, or philanthropists, philanthro-pists, or Providence, to lay out a scheme big enough to cover the country, coun-try, set Its machinery moving, guarantee guaran-tee It all needed capital, and then Invite In-vite the farmers to sit in the places reserved for them and proceed to garner gar-ner their profits. "I offer no such Aladdln-llke project. "I want to see society as a whole help, but I want to see the farmers do their share, and I warn them that this will be the lion's share." , The first steps the President thinks co-operators should take are (1) establishment estab-lishment of grades anu standards, (2) encouragement of good and elimination elimina-tion of poor varieties, (3) increase In the efficiency of production, (4) provision pro-vision of a unified product adapted to Its market, (5) organization of distribution, distri-bution, and (6) creation of confidence in products and methods. i Coolidge and Curtis Win by One Vote THEY are still talking about the closeness of the vote by which the President's veto of the pos- tal employees' pay raise bill was sustained by the sennte. Fifty-five senators voted to override the veto and tVenty-nine to sustain It. The supporters sup-porters of the bill lacked one vote of the two-thirds majority required to make the measure a' law without the signature of the President. The prestige of Mr. Coolidge In this first test of his leadership since his triumphant election was maintained by virtue of "the support of the veto by several "lame duck" Republicans and by several Democrats, some of whom executed as about-face on the pay-ral.se measure in order .to make its defeat certain. The Democrats to whom the President Presi-dent is Indebted for his victory are Senators Dial, King, Owen and Shields. Had any of them failed him the President Presi-dent would have been beaten. Mr. Dial voted for the pay-raise bill last May, but voted to sustain the veto on the final vote. Others who voted for the pay raise orlginolly but changed front In order to defeat it by supporting- the veto, were Senators Ball, Bursum, Cameron, Capper, Cummins, Cum-mins, Curtis, Harreld. Hale, Keyes, McKInley, Oddle, Pepper, Phlpps, Sterling, Ster-ling, Watson and Weller. Opponents of the President point out that the White House chose to make this vote the test of fealty to the administration, perhaps largely for the psychological effect a triumph would have as President Coolidge embarks em-barks upon his tenure of office In bis own right Every ounce of influence the administration admin-istration possesses was exerted to prevent pre-vent the veto from being overridden. So palpable were the efforts of the White House to line op votes that the administration was taunted on the floor of the senate with allusions to Coolldge breakfast parties and the official of-ficial plums with which the faithful would expect to be rewarded. The leadership not only of the President Presi-dent but of Senator Curtis (Rep., Kans.), the new majority leader of the senate, was at stake in the contest, they aver. Senator Curtis won his first fight, but by such a (tqueak that ; he was visibly trembling In his chair as the roll was called. ' With this postal pay bill dead, the administration . leaders Immediately announced that they would press the Moses bill providing for wage Increases In-creases for postal employees and or a $60,000,000 postal rate ,advancf; te i produce the additional revenue which ' I will be required for the higher compensation.. com-pensation.. . j, ' . - v v i "-.,f-. |