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Show THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM, UTAH History Written at Quebec; Only Time Will Reveal It Military Experts Satisfied With Results of Roosevelt -- Churchill Conference; Political Angle an Eiigma. By BAUKHAGE Neun Annlytt and Commentator. Mr. Baukhage has written to-day's column from Quebec, site of the Roosevelt-Cburchl- ll confer-ence, which he covered for news-papers affiliated with Western Newspaper Union. WNU Service, Union Trust Building Washington, D. C. Now that some of the deep secrets which surrounded the most lmpor-- , tant conference so far held by the firm of Roosevelt & Churchill, pur-veyors of victory, are beginning to be revealed in action, one can lean back', gaze at this remarkable ad-venture in history in the making and wonder . . . I cannot help recalling the eve-ning of Sunday, August 22, nearly a month after the actual prepara-tions for the conference began, the purpose of which was then even by the people whose job was to do the spade work. I was sitting with Edgar Mowrer. the well-know- n newspaper man, Mich-ael Barkway, representative of the British Broadcasting company, and Wilson Woodslde, commentator for the Canadian Broadcasting system. That morning the news had broken that Ambassador Litvlnov would not return to Washington. It was learned that a virtually unknown member of the Soviet diplomatic corps, who had been their represent-ative In Ottawa, was to replace the adroit Mr. Maisky, Stalin's expert lieutenant In London. Woodslde had learned, quite by accident, that a little while before the representative of Tass, the off-icial Russian news agency, who had been an active participator in the press conferences, had suddenly de-parted from our midst severing the last shadowy link with the Kremlin. A few days before, just as a rumor was circulating that the conference had agreed upon the division of Germany into separate states as one of the post-wa- r steps, the text of a broadcast from Moscow was printed In an American paper. It was made by the Free Germany com-mittee, and of course could not have voiced any views contrary to the will of Stalin. It urged that the German army be kept Intact after i the war! 750 bedrooms, where some 300 mili-tary and technical experts were im-molated. Canadian Mounted police, tough British marines and hefty Ca-nadian veterans of Dieppe guarded its portals. The inmates, like us, were virtually incommunicado. When they dared take a one-day- 's river trip one officer said, "it was to prevent an outbreak of claustro-phobia." Invisible Ink There is much we did not know whcn we arrived. There is more we still do not know of what occurred after the conferees met History was written but it was written in invisible Ink. Now some things can be told. In the first place the event was, per-haps purposely, perhaps unwitting-ly, played down in Washington in advance. Before I left the capital I was assured the conference would probably end about the Wednesday a week before it did. I bad hoped for a quiet half-week- 's vacation. But no sooner had I arrived on the Sunday preceding Roosevelt's ar-rival the next Tuesday, than I saw we were all wrong. I felt sure some-thing had happened when the Presi-dent and the prime minister had their preliminary talk at Hyde Park. Something did, for I am sure there had been no intention of producing the parade of cabinet officers and other brass hats who kept dropping in from the skies and elsewhere one after another. But I learned that the length of the conference was planned to a "t" by the President long before it began. He knew it would last precisely as long as it did for he timed his Ottawa trip in advance so he would be back in Washington on August 26. He knew what was coming and that is why he slipped off for that fishing trip, which was just that and nothing more, ahead of the conference it was a health measure pure and sim-ple. Churchill and his midnight ci-gars are something to prepare for, the wee sma' hours are the big mo-ments for this human dynamo. Then the "something" yet to be revealed, happened. Churchill hailed his foreign minister from London and with him came not only Info-rmation Minister Bracken, who played no part as an informer but nevertheless was of cabinet rank, but also the permanent head of the British foreign office, Sir Alexander Cadogan with the accent on the "dog" pronounced (though Secretary Early could never quite master it) "dug." Of course Hull had to appear to match Eden; then another cabinet member. Secretary of War Stimson to match Bracken and then Secre-tary of the Navy Knox for good measure, perhaps to give verisimili-tude to the talk that the Pacific was not being neglected. Then Just be-fore Stalin made public his gesture of withdrawal (recalling Litvinov), T. V. Soong, Chinese foreign minis-ter more or less permanently in-stalled in Washington for some time past, appeared. Then there was the excuse that a big drive on Burma was in the wind. The Big Drive Meanwhfie the press had blown very hot and then very cold on an Immediate invasion of Europe from Britain. I don't know whether the Stalin's Absence Of course Stalin's absence from the conference had been widely dis-cussed in Quebec. To say the least we were four very confused mem-bers of press and radio, and I think our feelings were typical two of us had covered international confer-ences before. Was Russia running a competition show to the one staged on the heights of America's Gibral-tar? The shudder we shuddered and which spread out over the telegraph lines and airwaves bounced back to the walls of the Citadel where the top-me- n were conferring. At an eight o'clock conference that eve-eveni-presidential secretary Ste-phen Early announced that the re-call of Litvinov had been known to the conferees long before it hap-pened and had no Influence or ef-fect on the conference. Meanwhile all sorts of speculation about the effect of the absence of the Russians, the ominous "empty chair," had been pouring out of Que-bec, perhaps comforting if not aid-ing the enemy and probably making Bo one happy, even Stalin. Could this and the other"1 unfortu-nate things which were written have been avoided; were we, in spite of ourselves, evil muses? I said to one of the willing but rather futile and frustrated men who were supposed to provide us with facts: if we could have just had a little guidance wouldn't It have been better? He admitted that was true, but, he added, "When an information man asks the higher ups for informa-tion they are so afiad they will say more than they ought to that we get nothing." More than 200 press, radio and news photographers were here. We filled to bursting the little old Clar-endo- n hotel, with its narrow corri- - dors, its lobby turned into a tele- - graph office, and its modest bed-rooms made into press room and broadcasting studios. Two blocks away was the spacious Chateau Frontenac, a Normandie palace with reports that the big smash was com-ing was a part of the Allied war of nerves, but I am sure that the folks who threw cold water on it were sincere in their belief it just couldn't be started before spring. I sat with a general whom I have known for a long time, a real soldier in World War I as well as in this one. Here's what he had to say: "We haven't got the men yet We must drop bombs upon bombs. There is a lot more softening up to do." This man was on the periphery not on the inside. I am sure that the technical experts, the officers and we had them all, probably the greatest aggregation of military brains and real experience, too, ever assembled anywhere they were sure. They were certain. And when the conference was over they were sau'sfled. As to the political side, that is an enigma and will be one as long as Russia remains one. And that she Is. Need Farm or Factory Help? Thousands of Workers In Japanese Relocation Camps Waiting to Be Hired nity. He can not enter as "cheap labor." WRA's motto is: "No more, no less than anyone else for the same work in the same community." Both an American citizen of Japa-nese ancestry or a Japanese alien can obtain indefinite leave. An alien is checked more carefully and out-side camp his movements have more restrictions. WRA procedure to move American-Ja-panese out of the camps has been approved by the department of Justice, the U. S. army and endorsed by the War Manpower commission as a contribution to national security and manpower needs. WRA'a program of relocating American-Japanes- e began In the spring of 1942 when, for military reasons, some 106,000 Japanese were taken from California, the southern third of Arizona, the western half of Oregon and Washington and placed in 10 relocation centers in the West. WRA officials point out that the centers are definitely not Internment camps or places of con-finement. They were established by the United States government for two chief purposes: to provide communities where evac-uees can contribute to their own sup-port pending gradual reabsorption erally can do the same job he did on the outside. American - Japanese serve as doctors, dentists, nurses, optometrists, watchmakers, clerks, civil engineers, carpenters, masons, farmers and in many other trades. Each one who works receives from WRA a monthly salary from $12 to $19 depending on his job. Since the WRA staff at each camp is very small, a huge amount of the admin-istrative work is done by the evacu-ees who work as stenos, bookkeep-ers, typists, clerks, interviewers, translators, switchboard operators, etc. Each camp has food and clothing stores, a canteen, no-tion counters, magazine racks and even a post office. Most camps have large agricultural tracts and become largely self sustaining. American-Japanes- e and Japanese aliens sometimes are known as Is-s- Nisei and Kibei. Issei are Jap-anese born in Japan but who came here to live. Nisei are second gen-eration Japanese, born in the Unit-ed States and. citizens of this coun-try. Kibei are American born Japa-nese who have gone back to Japan for education and then returned to America. WRA investigates Kibeis very closely, watches them carefully and Is reticent about giving them Nearly Every Trade Found Among Loyal Japanese -Americans Farmers and factory own-ers who are looking anxiously about for help have available an almost untapped supply of intelligent and industriovfe workers. These people are the 90,000 Americans of Japa-nese ancestry who are now in the ten relocation camps in the West and Southwest. The War Relocation Authority has found employment for 16,000, and Is seeking to place 25,000 more by the first of the year. More than one-thi-rd of these American-Japanes- e are farmers or have done some agri-cultural work. Others are skilled mechanics, and many are In profes-sions. Occupations, In fact, range from doctors to ditchdiggers. Most of these people are American born, and are considered loyal to the United States. These workers may be hired per-manently or seasonally by any farm-er or other employer anywhere In the country, except In the military zone, a strip running along the Pa-cific coast. Procedure whereby American-Japanes- e and loyal aliens are brought out of the camps and placed In Jobs Is a simple one. A reloca-tion office in each area has a staff of officers who look for jobs in dif-ferent kinds of employment: farm-ing, dairying, poultry raising, nur-sery, domestic, restaurant and hotel work, .skilled and unskilled labor, factory work, various trades and pro-fessions such as dentistry, medicine, engineering, Industrial designing. Job offers received are screened as to suitability of wage and work-ing standards. If legitimate, the offer Is sent to any or all of the 10 relocation centers which are in the states of California, Arizona, Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado and Ar-kansas. In the camp, job offers are cata-logued, posted in mess halls and administrative buildings, and printed In the camp newspaper. Each evac-uee has filed his working qualifica-tions and each camp has an em-ployment staff to assist the proper person to get the proper Job. The evacuee is not forced to take a Job. He can select one for which he thinks he is best qualified. He makes his own arrangements. He corresponds with his prospective em-ployer and, if accepted, informs camp authorities who then place him on Indefinite leave which means he Is entitled to leave camp and go anywhere In the United States ex- - freedom. Mostly 'Nisei. The great bulk of the 135,000 Japa-nese in this country at the outbreak of the war, including the 110,000 along the West coast, are Nisei. They are the young boys and girls, the men and women who have lived here all their lives and are just as American as we are. They have broken away from Jap-anese customs. Their thought is American thought. They prefer American food and our ,way of do-ing things. They like to jitterbug, go to movies, have coke dates and parties like any normal American. Surveys have proven that the Nisei have a greater percentage of mem-bers with a college or university education than any racial group in the United States. It Is the belief of the WRA that the spreading of the American-Japanes- e throughout the nation instead of concentrated in groups along the coast will be a good thing both for all Americans and for American-Japanes- e. Approximately 8,000 American-Japanes- e are in the United States armed forces. After Pearl Harbor they were given the opportunity to volunteer and thousands of boys en-listed from the relocation camps. Two large units at Camp Savage, Minn., and Camp Shelby, Miss., con-tain most of the American-Japanes- e combat fighters. From Hawaii alone came a specially picked combat team of 2,500 American-Japanes- e boys. At Camp Savage many are training to be interpreters and lan-guage teachers. Wherever they have been sta-tioned, American-Japanes- e soldiers have won high praise from their commanding officers. They are training with extraordinary zeal even spending their free time in military study and voluntary drills. Instructors have to be keen and alert to avoid being tripped up by ques-tions. It is a saying among these Japanese-America- n soldiers that "We have a year and three minutes to live," meaning a year of har,d training, and three minutes in the thickest of the fighting. WRA officials have found that ade-quate jobs can be found for the evac-uees, but that housing is a serious problem. This is especially true in large cities where booming war plants have caused a heavy influx of war workers. In the smaller communities this condition is less severe. WRA that a large measure of its success will depend upon how weU the American-Japanes- e relocate in small towns and agricultural areas. WELDER Many Japanese-American- s, like George T. Nakamura are excellent tradesmen. He is working in Chicago at a farm implement factory, whence he came from the Minidoka Relocation center, Ore., where he was maintenance machin-ist. Into a normal American life; and to serve as wartime homes for those who are unable or unfit to relocate In ordinary American communities. Beginning January of this year, WRA initiated 'a program of steady depopulation of the centers by en-couraging residents with good rec-ords of behavior to re-ent- private employment in agriculture or indus-try. Relocation offices were set up in Chicago, Cleveland, New York, Kan-sas City, Little Rock, Salt Lake City and Denver to seek jobs for American-Japanes- e. Each relocation area has s. The Chicago area, for ex-ample, covers Indiana, Illinois, Wis-consin, Minnesota and the eastern half of North Dakota. Elmer L. Shirrell Is supervisor of the area. Sub-offic- are located at Indianap-olis, Peoria, Rockford, Milwaukee, Madison, Minneapolis and Fargo. Relocation officers there carry on the same kind of employment and placement service given in the area headquarters. Model Communities. Life in an evacuation center is no picnic. American-Japanes- e were abruptly moved from their own homes and placed in barracks, which though adequately construct-ed, were bare of furniture, had no running water, toilets or any con-veniences we accept as normal. A camp is laid out in blocks like a city. Each block contains two rows of barracks housine 12 livins cept the forbidden regions. Both American citizens of Japa-nese ancestry and Japanese aliens are allowed to leave the relocation camps in the West once their loyalty has been assured. Each evacuee is Investigated by the War Relocation authority and males of draft age are checked upon by a joint board in Washington composed of the in-telligence departments of the armed forces and WRA officials. Also, each evacuee is checked against FBI records. On the other hand, before an American-Japanes- e settles In a com-munity, it is canvassed by WRA officers who seek reasonable assur-ances from responsible officials and citizens that local sentiment will not be against the newcomer. Indefinite leave usually is granted only to an evacuee who has a place to go and means of support. Each evacuee must inform WRA in Wash-ington of any change in job or ad-dress. An evacuee must receive the standard wage rate of the commu- - units. Each block has its mess hall, lavatories, showers and meeting halL No family cooks for itself, but must eat with the other inhabi-tants of the block in mess halls which are staffed by full time cooks and attendants. Food for evacuees at camp is re-ceived from army quartermaster corps and cost must not exceed 45 cents per day per evacuee. Each camp has schools, churches, playgrounds, recreation halls, YMCA units and sometimes a boy and girl scout troop. Each camp has a police force, a fire department and each block is represented in the camp council which meets regular-ly with WRA officials to determine camp administration and other prob-SPINACH Miss Momayo Yaunato lems which come up. cultivates the dark green stuff on the broad acres of the Gila River Relocation center farm. She for-merly worked in Fresno, Calif. Thousands of skilled agricultural workers like Miss Yamato are look-ing for private employment. Each family is housed, fed and, if one member of the family is work-ing, the government gives a small monthly allotment from $2 to $3.50 to each member for clothing. Any able-bodie- d American-Japanes- e can work at the camp, and gen- - v A lAi,m A 5 OVER THE PLATE-Stri- etly the Amencan ,n tradition, these sixth grade boy. Play Softball at recess, at .n.r Relocation center in CahC Released by Western Newspaper Union. sports events of SPINE-TINGLIN-years were recalled recent-ly in a poll conducted by Esquire magazine. Voters were asked to nominate the six greatest sporting events of the century. The results are, in some instances, surprising. Here they are: 1 The Jack Dempsey-Gen- e Tun-ne- y fight In Chicago September 22, 1927. (This was the long count fight.) 2 Bobby Jones' Grand Slam of the four major golf titles In 1930. 3 Jesse Owens three firsts in the 1936 Olympic Games. 4 The deciding game of the 1926 World Series In New York when Grover Alexander struck out Tony Lazcrri with the bases full as the Cardinals won the championship. 5 Babe Ruth's "called" home run against the Cubs in the 1932 World Series in Chicago. 6 Red Grange's five long runs for touchdowns for Illinois against Mich-igan at Urbana, 111., October 18, 1924. Why It Won The surprising factor of the vote is the first place position. There have been many more important sports events than the Dempsey-Tun-ne- y fight. But it did get a terrific amount of newspaper space because of the con-troversy. Then, too, it is likely that more people understand boxing than any other sport. People who don't under- - jack Dempsey stand the rules of football, baseball or golf do possess a fundamental knowledge of fighting. The details of that fight are still fresh In the memory of a good share of adult sports fans. Dempsey dropped Gene in the seventh round of the fight. But Jack refused to go to a neutral corner when first ordered to do so by the referee. When he finally did heed the warn-ings, sufficient time had passed for Tunney to regain his senses. Gene did so well in later rounds that he won the decision. By an odd quirk of fate, it wfcs a rule Dempsey had helped put on the books that gave Tunney his ex-tra five-seco- reprieve. In a battle with Luis Firpo, the Manassa Maul-er had Firpo on the floor seven times in the first round. Each time he would stand over the Argen-tine and then, before he bad time to get back on his feet, smack him down again. It was that, as much as anything, which persuaded the boxing fathers to write in a rule stating that, on a knockdown, a fighter must retire to a neutral corner before the count could start. And the rule led to one of sports' biggest arguments. Grand Slam Champ Jones' record is one of the best in all sporting history. One of golf-ing- 's immortals, he won his first championship when he was only eight years old. As a "boy wonder" in his teens and early twenties he astounded the world V 1 of golf by his abili-ty. In 1930, when he was 28, he reached the pinnacle of fame by making the un-precedented "grand slam" heading the victorious American Walker Cup team in matches with Great Britain and win- - Bobby Jones ning' in succession, the British Ama-teur, the British Open, the United States Open and United States Ama-teur championships. Then, when most champions are just beginning to hit their best strides, Bobby had no more worlds to conquer. He announced his re-tirement. Jones did not win his first national title until 1923, when at 21 he beat Bobby Cruickshank in a playoff for the crown of the United States at Inwood Country club, Long Island. a he won 13 major champion-sh,ps-t- he U. S. Amateur five times, Mie L. s. Open four times, the Brit-ish Open three times and the Brit-ish Amateur once. The "six greatest sporting events of the century" are just what each enthusiast thinks they are. It is not likely that very many voters would agree on the top six-m- uch less their individual ranking. But ,t would be a difficult task to find six more thrilling events in the htory of Ep0rt. Time has not dulled KT1that'8 about tests SPORTS SHORTS ST,fVS game Ptember 25 ?2me- - That ance Pan LV,n50St M much " aU last season- - C Fo th I tatCS GoIf association Julesn0t 1Ssued n edition of golf !e rti;11"!; turner P'tcher for Pirates, is eettine in lead to?;! m.anPWer shortage may big league comeback. ADVANCE K Wnat was thatTTi! The dull boomj The hthud of e.e of bodit, What wa The ancient tin roil of thunder,. Above the old, Could 1 be ittm mist I saw a forward p, I saw a runner t0al Before his flying There will b7jlp7 many gaps but withi football will ShoW unexpected strength on both the pro and the service-colleg- e side. The pros will be far stronger than anyone figured they would be six montha ago. And the Navy has sent enough fane talent to take good j care of a large co-llege group, and give each section fast-mo-py contests through ft After all, the Navj of college football it 80,000 students they an for war training, and lection there are tev names remembered In program. In spite of the i against football, therei good teams to cover! fall Strong competition every section, although few will have to take pounding from much ft which happen to have Someone has sugfes der such conditions II more upsets than ever, There should be fete annoy the guesser, Kb or soothsayer. It is a sure thing flu of unknown, unsung t found among the nus Marine material-n-ut played little or no M It will be an interesl the game to see just bo knowns pop suddenly in light before the season Shooting at a h. Something over 20 ye Giants had a leftta name of Ferdie Schup; fast curve ball thatco--i back of an iron buffalo. He finished a busy sea earned run record at mark of his profession Even the blazing fc Johnson could never or average. Walter! bes: mark was around There is a 1943 entry ing both Schupp and ft department of sharp t His name is Spud Cts Yankees who is now reac hout and tap eite I hadn't thought i happened to be taW erwise known as year. "I'm pretty close run matter," he aaii pened to be figuring day. If lean stays' the best figures 1 ' many ball games ting to carry me alo finish the season earned run spot alU I can't do any rtstW big lead." Chandler's record normal in view of v the last ten or fifteen F ing effective pW leagues above 2ior lies. Too many boo likely to break out and pile up the scor Earned Run fa The earned run test of Ugn-da"- Mathewson andott to argue differently- Matty a fair promptly ease up "There are ahJ games to pitch. for not save thrm In the first days of the much ten or eleven ban In the 0ndpla! had to work in Query Wthof We have asW veteran horsem s, few high priced ye No one seema w It must be J-- gi that , ,old andboUM,r r to the P ; Youdontb e VtJenhe story. B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage I i The British colony of Fiji, once noted for cannibalism among the na-tives, is granting reciprocal aid o U. S. forces stationed there to the value of almost three million dollars annually. Women have been found to be men's equals or betters in making diamond dies, the WPB has re-vealed. I A heavy bomber, cruising at 250 miles an hour, burns 3 gallons of gasoline every minute. To continue the standard of the U. S. army as the healthiest army in the world, 7,500 additional physi-cians and surgeons will be needed during the coming three months, and an additional 2,500 by January 1, 1944. Japanese Father's Last Wish Scnds Four SmsliTirlZr Typical of the loyalty and affce- - tion most Japanese-American- s feel for the United States is the case of j the Sakura family. Twenty-fiv- e years ago four American-bor- n Japa-- j nese boys were gathered about their father's deathbed in Seattle, Wesh. Old Toyozo Sakura left this last charge with them: "My sons, you are of the Japa-nese race, but you are citizens of the country whose soil has blessed us. After I have gone it is my wish that you conduct yourselves with dignity and that you honor and serve this country of your birth." On December 7, 1941, three of them were living in Eatonville. Wash. They were married, and liv-ing in comfort and security. The fourth was working in Seattle. Early in 1942 all four brothers and their aged mother were removed to a re-location camp in Idaho. Here they remained for more than a year. Then on January 28, Secretary stim son announced that the army going to form combat Japanese-American- s unit, of ioyai All the Sakura brothers volun teered, and were accented J the eldest was 37. Ty ing with an earnestnes "at 'ur' prises their officers, as are ailT members of this unit by. Miss. So ht.bednTnShCl-Uo- n of a JapaneseinT predated America is hr ! ?. |