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Show JgAGE SIX THE BINGHAM PRESS BULLETIN . Jot (W-w.M- m 1k M " Wls s " " mfXi liffl" 1 '"'J'i J,v.a'Va 1 BY ELMO SCOTT WATSON F EVER America adopts a patron Lip I saint for Arbor day, which Is being ""served in many states this month r1 p 5s ('he date is set by governor's proc-S'- -t lamation in each state and therefore. TSiSj'il varies), that saint undoubtedly will ii J tjjjg he the picturesque figure who went jiag!Etiai up and down the land in the early part of the Nineteenth century as a personification of the spirit of Arbor day "Plant trees 1" Johnathan Chapman was his name, but the early settlers knew him as "Johnny Apple-Beed,- " or "Appleseed Johnny." For Chapman, the first exponent of Arbor day, made It his life work to plant apple trees, and the settlers who came Into new territory and were welcomed there by the sight of apple trees laden with fragrant blos-soms were given to exclaiming, "Johnny Apple-see- d has been here before us !" Johnny Appleseed was not only one of the most picturesque figures in the history of the American frontier, but he was also something of a man of mystery. Around his name there has gathered such a maze of myth and legend that It is difficult to determine Just how much of the Information about him Is fact and how much is fiction. There is one romantic story which pro-fesses to give the reason for his devoting his life to planting apple trees. According to this story,. Chapman as a young man on the Ohio frontier was engaged to marry a beautiful young girl who lived with her father in "a cabin In the clearing' In the Ohio wilderness. Once during Chapman's absence the girl fell III. The only hope for her recovery lay in the Juices of fresh fruits, but In all the forest which surrounded her father's cabin there were no fruit trees. So the girl died. When Chapman returned to find his sweetheart dead he was grief-stricke- n and enraged against the cruelty of the wilderness which had withheld the only thing that would have saved her life. In the bit-terness of his sorrow he plunged Into the wilder-ness resolved to plant apple trees so that no one should ever lack for the fruit that had meant so much to his happiness. Now, this Is a very pretty little story,, but un-fortunately there Is little foundation of fact for It. The known facts about Chapman's life are these: He was born In Springfield, Mass., 1775. In 1794 he established a farm at Pittsburg Landing, Pa., and planted an apple orchard. To emigrants on their way west, who stopped at Pittsburg Landing. Chapman became a familiar figure. He would In-variably present each family with a package of apple seeds and urge them to plant the seeds as soon as they had found their new homes In the west. As there were not enough seeds on his place to supply all the pioneers, Johnny went from farm to farm to buy more. His farmer friends regarded him as somewhat "queer," but the emigrants were glad enough to receive his offerings. In 1709 Johnny appeared as a wanderer in the valley of the Potomac. In the summer of 1800 he was again In western Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1S00 a woman living on the banks of the Ohio river near what is now the city of Steubenville saw crazy-lookin- g craft floating down the river. It was made of two canoes lashed together and heavily laden with bags. On top of them sat a g man, clad In ragged clothes and wearing a broad brimmed hat John Appleseed was setting forth upon his great adven-ture! For the bags contained apple seeds which he had gathered from the cider presses of Pennsyl-vania, and he was starting out as the advance guard of the wave of pioneer settlement which was then Just beginning to pour Into the fertile valleys of Ohio. Johnny's idea was to plant his apple eeeds so that the trees would be growing there when the settlers arrived. The chronology of Johnny's life from this point on Is somewhat uncertain. It Is known that he established a nursery at Marietta, Ohio, and that he used this place as the base for his operations. He wandered from place to place In Ohio, planting Ms seeds and caring for the trees already growing. His travels carried him Into Indiana, and even to Illinois, where, on a road leading Into St. Louis, there still stands an orchard which he planted. Frequently he revisited the cider mills of Pennsyl-vania and Ohio to get more seeds which he would wash free of pulp, sort and sew Into deerskin bags. These bags he presented to emigrants as they continued to pour Into the farther regions of the rich Mississippi valley and some of these tiny bags are still the treasured possessions of descendants of the pioneers who profited by Johnny' bounty. Occasionally word drifted back to Marietta that the trees which he had planted were not doing well, or that the settlers, busy with putting In their food crop, were neglecting to plant the apple seeds which Johnny had given them, so he would set out again on his career of "Horticul-tural Evangelist." Johnny started four nurseries In Ohio. They were situated near the present cities of Mansfield, Ashland, Salem and Delaware. He Is said to have established more than a hundred subnurserles In various parts of the Ohio valley and there Is no way of telling how mnny thou-sands of fruit trees he started during the course of his forty years of wandering. As Ohio began to settle up he spent more- and more of his time further west In Indiana and Illinois, and it is more than likely that he crossed the Mississippi Into Missouri and that some of the orchards In that state owe their origin to this queer genius. With nothing more than an ax, a hatchet and a hoe he would seek out a protected spot among the trees near a stream and there dig up the soil until It was thoroughly pulverized. Then he would plant thousands of apple, peach and pear seeds and build a brush fence around the Infant nursery to keep away deer and other grazing animals. When the settlers arrived they had only to dig up the apple seedlings and replant them,' when they had established their homes, to start an orchard. Johnny planted other things besides apple trees in the wilderness. Small fruits such as grapes and berries he scattered through the forests. Tlanting trees was not the only activity In the Odyssey of Johnny Appleseed. He was always a welcome visitor in the log cabins of the settlers for he always carried a Bible and some books from which he would read and preach to them as they sat before their blazing flrepluces in the eve-ning. Johnnie practiced his teachings of humility and kindliness. He never killed anything for food. He carried a kit of cooking utensils, Including a mush pan, which he sometimes wore as a hat. Usually he wore a broad-brimme- d black hat, but this was about the only article of clothing In which he bowed to convention. He was clad In a rngged shirt which, loosened about his waist, served also as a traveling bag In which he carried various articles. He usually wore two or three pairs of trousers, one over the other, so that the holes wouldn't show, and his cloak was a common gunny Back with holes cut for the head and sleeves. Most of the time he went barefoot in winter as well as la summer. No wonder the white men called him "queer 1" But the Indians said "He has been touched by the Great Spirit," and he was as wel-come In their lodges as In the cabins of the whites. This fact made Johnny Appleseed an especially Important figure in the early history of the Ohio valley. He frequently gave the settlers warning of Indian raids and In this manner doubtless saved hundreds of lives. During the War of 1812 when the British and Indians were overrunning Ohio Johnny repeatedly warned the Americans of approaching danger. At one time the Indians killed a man In Richland county and the residents of Mansfield fled to the block house In the town public square. The danger of a general massacre seemed Imminent and It was Imperative that some one go to Mount Vernon, several miles away, and summon the troops which were stationed there. Johnny Appleseed volunteered to make his way through the Indians who were swarmloa around the place. Barefooted and bareheaded, ha , set out In the night for Mount Vernon and arrived there safely after visiting several cabins en route and warning their Inhabitants of their danger. When he returned to Mansfield It was with a suf-ficient force to overawe the Indians and prevent the attack. Johnny Appleseed ended his days on the soil of Indiana. He died at the home of a friend In Fort Wayne In 1847, and was buried In what Is known as the Archer cemetery near that city. For many years his grave was neglected, and Johnny Apple-see-himself, was aInost forgotten. However, a few years ago the Indiana" and Ohio. Horticultural societies decided that something should be done to recognize, his services to mankind. As a result of their Investigations his grave was located and an iron fence built around the spot. A monument to his memory was also erected In one of tin principal parks of Fort Wayne. Ohio also has pal6 him tribute in a monument which was erected at Mansfield by the Ohio Horticultural society, and (he organization of the John Chapman Memorial Association of Ohio, devoted to marking places where Johnny's apple seeds served as the basis for establishing farm centers. Illinois also has hon-ored him. Last year the Johnny Appleseed Sesqui-centenni-committee, composed of representatives from thirly-sl- x different organizations, set out an orchard of one hundred and fifty apple trees In Thatcher woods In the Cook county forest near Chicago, at which time special exer-cises in honor of Johnny Appleseed were held. One of the tree planters was Mrs. Ada Chapman Atchison of St. Louis, a descendant of Johnny Appleseed, and another was Mrs. Florence Ketchum Colbert of Chicago, a descendant of Elder William Brewster of Mayflower fame, who Is said to have planted the first apple tree In New England and from one of whose trees Johnny Appleseed Is said to have obtained his first seeds. Johnny Appleseed Is dead these many years, but truly his "soul goes marching on." His memory Is unconsciously recalled each year when school children do for future generations what Johnny did for thei plant trees on Arbor day. li Johnny Appleseed has a modern counterpart It Is In the person of Charles Lathrop Pack, president of the American Tree association, who for many years has been going up and down the land preach-ing the gospel of "Plant Trees!" Day and night he has hammered away on the need of a national forest policy. He has called on timber land own-ers and foresters everywhere to get together on s fire protection policy as the first step and to replace our vanishing forests by planting more trees, more trees, more, trees. Mr. Pack's plooeel work has resulted In the observance of American Forest week each year. The seventh annual observance of this week has been proclaimed by President Coolidge for April to 30. and ill Americans are called upon by their President to Join in celebrating it by recognizing the need foi us to take the steps now which guarantee foi future generations the perpetuation of our forests So far as we do that we can all be Johnny Appl seeds and leave posterity In debt to us. Puts An End to Bunion Pains No Need to Suffer Another Day Those Agonizing Tortur-ing Pains. There Is one simple yet Inexpen-sive way to reduce Inflamed, swollen toe Joints and get them down to nor-mal and that Is to apply Moone's Em-erald Oil night and morning. Ask your druggist or any first class druggist for an original e bottle of Moone's Emerald Oil (full strength) and refuse to accept any-thing in Its place. It Is 6uch a highly concentrated preparation that two ounces lasts a long time and further-more If this wonderful discovery does not give you complete satis-faction you can have your money refunded. Special note: People who want to reduce swollen or varicose veins should get a bottle of Emerald Oil uf once. Applied night and morning as directed they will quickly notice sf on improvement which will continue until the veins and bunches are re- - ' ;; rluced to normal. A buautlfnl complexion the of every woman and the admiration if ewry rutin. "Kit EM OLA" will produce It for on lv 81.25 as Lliousandb or women will testify. 'KKK ISOOlILhT. Ask your dfitler or write r. O. U. Berry Co., Dept, W, V76 Michttian ff Ave., Chicago. J ? SILVER PLATE ? Replate all your silver, brass and copper-war- e with pure silver at home. A child can do It. Send 2 cents stamp for full particu-lars to F. J. GRICIUS, 9232 B St., Oakland, Calif. SALESMEN WANTED Men to take orders for tailor made suits. Have openings in Utah, Idaho, Wyoming and Nevada. 150 New pat-terns to eell at $23. Union made. Aver-age earnings from $7 5 to $100 per week. The A. Nash Company. Branch, 3 Boyd Park Building, Salt Lake City, Utah. Tha largest tailoring house in the world. Women To display our Samples, good com-mission. For particulars writo ANN'S GIFT SHOP, Oakdale Ave.. Chicago. 111. 2d car. 44 Eaiour present SaV8 faking . SUR-FI- homo'fi & " trench mouth, soli. if i sums. Send $1 for ti. to give 100 Satlafactr f Refund your Money. SUI II , f a' harmless though ffijJl ' treatment for all forms cT y ' UNIVERSAL LABORAi 315 W. 6th Street - Los An(U ' j00 TEN DOLLARS buys interest In thrcf --California Companies. New eafe plan small Investors. Free Bulletin. Commi-r.- Crocker Bldg., Han Francisco, Calif. DON'T SUFF"ftVITH LUMBAGO, SCIAT-le- a. Neurit' vdams Gopayn along spine gives con? t Relief. Write today. ADAMS GOPAYy, .Aberdeen. Wash. P'fe PARKER'S Ktfc -- "IVW, BALSAM I .Veil Dandruff-Stop- i Hair Falling 11 5r - Restores Color and krCt rfy Beauty to Gray and Faded Hair EPv , 60c and $1.00 at Druaf(i8t. fe:.,g-'- ntflgox I'hem. Wka .PatcWue.N.Y. Removes Corns. Cal-louses, etc., stops all pain, ensures comfort Uj tha feet, makes walking easy. 15c by mall or at Drag-gist- Hiscoi Chemical Works, Patchogua, N. Y. W. N. U., Salt Lake City, No. 27. Why He Succeeded Honored politically and profession-ally, during his lifetime, Dr. R. V. Mjrf- - Pierce, whose picture appears ff here, made a tLsfe. Jtek success few have l& fcfe-f- l equalled. His pure k?K 0IP herbal remedies 7f which have stood 'le test or many J$f ' 7 . years are still fWtA among the "best N sellers." Dr. y7Vs Pierce's Golden Medical Discov-er- y ;s a stomaca alterative which' makes the blood richer. It clears the skin, beautifies it, pimples and eruptions vanish quickly. This Dis-covery of Dr. Pierce's puts you in fine condition. All dealers have it in liquid or tablets. Send 10 cents for trial pkg. of tab-lets to Dr. Pierce, Buffalo, N. Y, and write for free advice. W DiV Dont treat sore, maamoa l& L'C' Bmarting eyes with power- - j M JwP dr8a "dropped" in ff I p- by hand. A soothing Jw effective, anf e remedy .1 Is bout Ji&oents all ' hall'ruokhl . I 1 :SKj& Candy Making tn four Home. Plciisant, profit-able. KxperiotK-- unnect'ssarv. We toaoh you. Partlcmlars free. CREOLE CANDY CO.. BOX i 130. Wall St. Sta., New York. ' t'onstlputlon. The cauae of most chronic dU- - ' eases. You may have au notion every (Jar aud still be constipated. Proper tet alon discovers it. Write for valuable pamphlet. Simple home cum. M. Billings. MouL STUBBORN SORES and inflammations quickly yield to i t Rotate Batteries to Lengthen Life Radio Engineer Explains How to Cut Down the Cost of Operating Set. A report relative to estimating the life of "B" batteries containing help-ful suggestions to radio set owners, hag been Issued by W. B. Schulte of the Burgess Battery company. It Is suggested that when the total hours of service have reached the com-puted value that the broadcast-listene- r remove his detector battery and re-place It by one which has been on the amplifier circuit. If later the signals begin to fade, this battery can be re-moved to the amplifier set and re-placed by another which has not been on the detector. The battery service then Is distributed between all of the batteries and It Is estimated that from 10 per cent to 20 per cent more service hours can be obtained. It is pointed out that much of the service life of dry cell "B" batteries In receiving sets depends on the condi-tions of use, together with the type and number of tubes. In this report these various factors are discussed aud examples 'are given. "The usual 'B' battery Is an assem-bly of 15 small dry cells soldered to-gether In series and sealed In a con-venient box with ter-minals at end cells, furnishing a volt-age of about 22,4," said Mr. Schulte. "Some units have "0 cells of 45 volts, but 15 cells Is usually considered the standard for a 'B' battery. "'B' batteries have heretofore been designated by 'large,' 'medium and 'small,' and It has been generally un-derstood that the largest battery "would last longer than the smallest A sim-pler classification Is used In this re-port, In which - the batteries are grouped according to the approximate weight of a 22'-vo- lt unit. Servlca Characteristics. "The characteristics of a 'B' bat-tery, which are of most Importance to the broadcast listener, are: shelf or storage life, service hours, nolseless-nes- s, uniformity. "The shelf or storage life of a bat-tery is Its ability to retain Its service-hou- r capacity while standing Idle either before use or between periods when It is In use. A good shelf life Is, of course, desirable to enable the broadcast listener to receive the maxi-mum service from the batteries he purchases and to extend the hours of service when lie Is not using his bat-teries regularly. "The service hours Is the total time that a battery will deliver the neces-sary current before It must be dis carded from the set as being no longei useful. High service hours are there fore necessary for economical opera tion. "Nolselessness In a battery Is a dif-ficulty determinable characteristic and It Indicates that the battery i free from minute voltage fluctuations v. lilch, by action through the tubes, ontise noise In, the phones. NolselesM'is- - Is a quality closely connected wiih the nature of the chemical mix, tl e cell zinc can construction and the i"ll In-sulation, and obviously a noUeless battery Is to be desired. Uniformity Important. "Uniformity is a quality of no small Importance. It is Impossible to :nnnu-factur- e all batteries absolutely n!ll:e, but the ability of the manufacturer to control the process Is measured by the uniformity of the batteries. "The shelf life of a battery Is deter-mined from a study of many batteries which are regularly examined or test-ed at various ages. For example, bat-teries of various ages rnn be tested by different methods and the voltage or service hours determined and the aver-age results plotted as a curve showing the'percentage of the Initial value at different ages. There Is only a slight falling off during the first months. The heavier the batteries the better shelf characteristics they will possess. "Inasmuch. as. the average 'B' bat-tery Is put Into service within a few months after manufacl ure, the broad-cast listener need not f'ar a serious loss due to shelf depreciation," sold Mr. Schulte. "A good shelf life characteristic Is obtained by perfect Insulation between cells, which allojvs no Internal cross currents and a resulting decrease In service-hou- r capacity. Excessive heat during storage lowers the shelf life by drying out the chemicals In the bat-tery. Impurities in the chemicals will likewise cause the cells to lose their capacity through internal action. Current Not Constant. "The current from a 'B' battery to a tube does not remain constant but ' drops off as the battery voltage de- - creases. Therefore to estimate the service hours of batteries on various tubes it Is necessary to know the average working voltage of the bat-teries as It drops from the Initial value to the end point of 17 volts. The average working voltage may be con-sidered as the average between 22 volts and the end voltage of 17 volts that Is, the average working voltage of one battery dropping to 17 volts Is 10.5 volts. The unit reaches the end of Its usefulness when the voltage reaches S7 volts. 'B' batteries should always be tested with a volt-meter after they have been In opera-tion for an hour or .two, otherwise they will show a deceptive reading, because they recuperate while Idle." Tunneling by Electricity The new tunnel of the Great North-ern railway under the Cascade moun-tains is literally being driven hy elec-tricity. Blasting shots planted in the rock are fired by it, shoveling ma-chines are driven by It, rock and dirt are hauled out and materials hauled into the bore by six, ten and twenty-to- n mine-typ- e electric locomotives, and lighting and some special heating in and around the Job are all done elec-trically. Cut Power, Amplification Way to Get Distance Like everything else In radio, DX Is changing and I find that few radlo-ist- s are taking this fact Into consid-eration, writes a radio expert. Fre-quently I am called In to ..pass Judg-ment on a Bet and give my opinion as to why it doesn't pull in the distant stations as it should. In every case lately I am finding the same thing. Operators are grop-- ' ing for distance In the way. They are giving their sets every bit of power they've got and are plug-ging In every available tube. And that's Just what's wrong. Nowadays the way to get dlstanu is to cut down on power and amplic-ation. That Is, If the set Is one of the modern multi-tub- e affairs, powi1 operated and equipped with a power tube in the last stage, or power am-plification between the output of tle set and the speaker. The change has come about because of two things: Increased station power. Increased set sensitivity and ampli-fication. Put these two together and power may be the stumbling block when seeking DX, because In addition to the station you want you get a half dozen which you don't want. Result : An annoying heterodyne between conflict-ing waves. If the owners of newer sets want distance they should strive for selec-tivity and cut down on amplification in a great many cases. A d church bell in Taun-ton, Mass., has been repaired by elec-tric arc vreldlng after being silent 40 years. Radio Electrical Terms . That Are in Common Use The words ampere, volt and ohm are continually being mentioned in connection with radio. In order to clear up any misunderstanding among radio fans, some simple definitions, which are reprinted from Radio Broad-cast Magazine, are given here. The first two terms are explained by means of hydraulic analogies: "Ampere A current of water In a pipe is measured by the amount of water that flows through the pipe In a second, such as 1 gallon per second, or 10 gallons per second, etc. Elec-tricity is measured by the amount of current that flows along a wire In one second. This quantity is known as the coulomb; and If this term Is nsed, we would express the current as 1 coulomb per second or 10 eoulombs per second, etc. In electricity, how-ever, we have a special name for the rate of flow of 1 coulomb per second which we call 1 ampere. Thus, 8 am-peres Is the same as 8 coulombs per second. Ampere, then, Is a term de-fining the quantity of current that Is flowing per unit of time. "Volt The number of gallons per second of water .flowing In a pipe, or the number of amperes flowing In a wire, depends upon the pressure un-der which it flows. The electrical unit of pressure is the volt. A volt means the same thing in speaking of a cur-rent of electricity that a pound pres-sure means In speaking of a current of water. It follows then, that the greater the pressure (voltage) at the greater will be the flow of current. "Ohm There Is no hydraulic unit which corresponds to the ohm, which Is a measure of the resistance of a wire to the flow of current. A wire Is said to hve 1 ohm of resistance when a prwsure of 1 volt will cause a current of 1 ampere to .flow through It. If the resistance were doubled, the current would be halved, etc." According to the definitions given in Radio Broadcast, then, we see that amperes represent the amount of cur-rent, volts the pressure causing this current to flow, and ohms the resist-ance Impeding the flow of current. These three units bear a definite re-lation to each other. This relation-ship, named after the scientist who discovered It, is known as Ohm's Law, which states that the number of am-peres flowing In a circuit Is equal to the voltage of the circuit divided by Its resistance This Worth Remembering in Operating Your Radio Remembering not to forget, beln one of the real problems of operating radio sets, as in anything, It is well to take advantage of good habits. Much "B" elimination trouble can be traeeil to letting the unit operate when tha set Is not working, and to remember to switch off the eliminator it is nnly necessary to stop the set at the elim-inator switch before pulling out the plug to the speaker. It has been found by watching many radlolsts that when they switch off at the eliminator first they never forget to pull out the speaker plug, wherean if they start at the plug they are apt to forget to switch off the eliminator. Three Volume Controls in R. F. Amplifier The three favorable volume controls In the amplifier are: Firstly, a filament control rheostat In one or more tubes of the RF ampli-fier; secondly, a high variable resist-ance In series with the plate circuit of one of the RF amplifies, and third-ly, n tickler In the detection tube. Ii two or more of these methods are used in the RF amplifier ft will not be nee. essary to use any volume control la tha y ampllfm Gas Bubbles Cause "Boiling" During the last stages of the charg-ing process the solution in storage bat-tery cells starts to bubble violently, and a little may splash through the ent caps. Do not be alarmed by this, as the agitation is caused merely by the bursting of bubbles of hydrogen fonned during the charging action, |