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Show THE BULLETIN, BINGHAM CANYON, UTAH B They 'Beat Plowshares Into Swords Workers In a Farm Implement Factory Are Turning Out One of Greatest Fighting Machines of the Wa By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Ky ".: "v"- Released by Western Newspaper Union. WHEN the completed of our struggle with Japan finally is written, con-siderable attention should be given the story of how an agricultural implement parts manufacturer whose prod-ucts are used every day in every rural section of Ameri-ca, developed one of the most spectacular fighter vehicles of the war. The company Is Ingersoll Steel & Disc division of Borg-Warne- r cor-poration. The war weapon its en-gineers designed and that one of its factories manufactures is the Beach-Buste- r (LVT-3)- , the very latest de-velopment In amphibian invasion tanks. The Beach-Buste- r made its com-bat debut at Okinawa. Its perform-ance met with favor from high navy and marine officers so much so Hitting the beach at Okinawa, these United States marines ar unloading machine guns and equipment from a Beach-Buste- r. From Iwo Jima, Maj. Gen. Keller E. Rockey, commanding the fifth marine division, wrote to his friend, Roland D. Doane, Ingersoll sales manager: "Naturally the tail-gat- e jobs were much more useful, but all of them (LVTs) really saved our ba con in the early days of the show because they were the only vehicle that could negotiate the sand hills leading from the water's edge to the fighting zone. "So the LVTs carried the beans and bullets directly from the ships to the front line units and carried the wounded on the return trip and they did this for some five or six days before we could get our mo-tor transportation running." Such reports heartened the Inger-soll workers. But production sched-ules were upped again and again. In the fall of 1944 additional em-ployees were sorely needed, and In-gersoll officials tried a novel experi-ment. that space in the history books or the future might as well be reserved now so its story may be told. To the Japs, the amphibian tanks that have equipped our invasion forces the LVT-1- , the LVT-2- , the LVT-4- , and now the Beach-Buste- r, have proved a lethal headache. So, while the record of their wartime usefulness cannot be completed until final victory, a sidelight on their de-velopment and manufacture is In or-der now. It is a recital of which every American, and particularly every farmer, can be proud. As early as 1933 the problem of designing an amphibian tractor, ca-pable of taking relief deep Into the mangrove swamps of the Florida Everglades, was assigned to Donald Roebling, a year-aroun- d resident of Clearwater, by his father. Young Roebling sprang from a line of Inventors, his grandfather, Col. Washington Roebling, being the designer of the famous Brooklyn bridge. And he and his father had seen with their own eyes the devas-tation, human misery and helpless-ness that had been left in the wake of the 1933 Florida hurricane. Roebling knew that only a vehicle that operated equally well on land and water could do the job that was needed. For six years he experi-mented at Clearwater with models. He designed and tested hulls and tractor treads, power plants and gear ratios. And Anally, the first Roebling amphibian, the LVT-- 1 or Alligator, rolled from his machine shoo at Clearwater. no marine engineer would waste time with," the Ingersoll company began and completed its first "am-track- " contract. Meanwhile, such agricultural necessities as heat-treate- d spring teeth for harrows, cul-tivators, weeders and rakes contin-ued in production. Later, Ingersoll received a contract to manufac-ture the LVT-- 2 on a design supplied by the navy. Hundreds of LVT-2- s were manufactured before the d contract was completed, ahead of schedule. Meanwhile, Swennes had put to-gether an amphibian tank that to-day, as the Beach-Buste- is reputed to incorporate a greater amount of automotive design than any marine craft that floats. It worked. But before it was presented to the navy's bureau of ships, SwenrTes, watching tests in Florida, was seized with an inspiration. Returning hurriedly to Rockford he worked for 48 uninterrupted hours, emerging with the design for a ramp gate which can be raised and lowered at the rear of the "am-track.- " This single feature is cred-ited with saving hundreds of lives. Using it, our invasion forces unload men, equipment, ammunition or supplies while facing the enemy. An entire tankload of materiel may be yanked out in a matter of moments. The importance of this is more fully realized when it is known that the Beach-Buste- r easily handles 10,000 pounds of cargo or 50 men fully equipped. Into such typical rural Michigan communities as Paw Paw, Augusta, Vicksburg, Schoolcraft, Decatur and Lawton 10 towns, all told, within a radius of Kalamazoo moved a caravan in whose success the American people had a stake. The caravan was fashioned around a newly completed Beach-Buste- Accompanying it were navy veter-ans, including a navy nurse, just home from battle duties. The vets told their stories. And follow-u-crews received job applications the next day from those who wanted to Join Ingersoll. Many were farmers who had harvested their crops. The caravan idea rates as the spearhead that helped Beach-Buste- r employ-ment rise at Ingersoll's from a peacetime 300 to more than 1,800 persons. That vehicle later was demon-strated to the navy off the Virginia j coast at a time when our military forces were occupied in peacetime war maneuvers. British military of-ficials eyed the performance of the LVT-- 1 with keen interest, for they were already at war. Early in the fall of 1941, C. S. Davis, president, and Roy C. Inger-soll, vice president of Borg-Warne- r, were called by the navy to Washing-ton. They agreed to study design and suggest improvements of the Roebling amphibian tank, for even then we were close to war. The result of that agreement was typically American. Not a marine expert but an automotive engineer, Ben A. Swennes, was charged with responsibility in the job. He began experiments and design in the Borg-Warn-laboratories at Rockford, 111. An Ingersoll factory at Kala-mazoo, Mich., contracted to build 50 of the Alligators for the navy. And folks along historic Rock river, which winds through downtown Rockford, began to stay awake nights because of "that fellow Swen-nes's- " strange goings-on- ! While Swennes was applying auto-motive principles to a sea-goin- g job and, as he himself now admits, "in-corporating unorthodox designs that Danger of stalling in the face of the enemy is avoided by the tank's hydramatic transmission which "feels" for the beach, shifting auto-matically to the required gear ratio without attention from the driver as soon as the tracks on which it runs encounter any obstacle. Numerous battle reports have come back to Kalamazoo, to the men and women who make the amtracks, of the prowess of their product. "Tough landings they have made easier. Almost impossible landings, like Tarawa, Saipan and, most re-cently, Iwo Jima, they have made possible," Rear Adm. C. H. Wood-ward told them Inst March when the navy returned, for permanent ex-hibit, the pilot "Model B" amphibian tank that Swennes had designed at Rockford. Other facts were revealed by Ad-miral Woodward: Tarawa proved the LVT absolutely indispensable for lUCOessfu! amphibious attack; that It Saipan the LVTs were stars of the show, sliding over reefs, hitting the beach with guns blazing, plowing through the jungle; and, most amaz-lug- , that the LVTs made a surprise e sweep in a flanking move-ment around the southern horn of Leyte. National recognition of the prodtic-- ! tion record of these workers fol-lowed last March 26 when Vox Pop broadcast its regular weekly pro-gram from Kalamazoo, interviewed plant employees. It came again on May 21 when the Army-Nav- y "E" was awarded the Borg-Warne- r fac-tory. Ingersoll inaugurated another nov-- ; elty with free rides on the amphibi-- j ans as a reward to workers for su-perior attendance records. The practice interfered not at all with routine as all tanks are "battle test-- 1 ed" on land and one in every 50 is tested on water before they are placed in pairs on flat cars and start-ed westward from Kalamazoo. With the help of navy engineers, constant tests are being conducted on the amtracks and refinements that are indicated by battle perform-ance added. The headquarters of Ben Swennes has been moved to Kalamazoo and the results ol his re-search are proved daily on lake, land and in swan-m-. of all this activity is R. S. ("Bob") Ingersoll, son of Roy and grandson of the late S. A. In-gersoll, founder of the company His two uncles, Harold G. and, Stephen L. Ingersoll, are directors of the Borg-Warn- organization. Harold manages the Ingersoll plant at New Castle, Ind.; Stephen L. established the West Pullman works in 1929. When the emergency of World War II arose, f01ir Ingersoll plants-- at Chicago, Chicago Heights, New Castle. Ind., and Kalamazoo. Mich were in operation. Those who knew him say that had S. A. Ingersoll been alive to partici-pate he would have found abiding satisfaction in the promptness with which all four were converted from producing implements of peace to instruments of war. For here truly is a company that has beaten plow- shares into swords. f ilelillfa as! iVaHHV L, ' tJl "KLern; .... ubt&SaHBnBaBaHEa Jap's eye view of a Beach Buster as it roars ashore in a landing attack. Nazi Influence Remains f Qjj To Vex Allied Control Indoctrination of Youth and Lethargy of rB Mass of People Obstacle to Efforts to jNriljM Reconstitute Beaten Nation. jSjliiJ By BAUKHAGE Veit's AnaiyH and Commentator, To meet this and other condltloni existing in the Allied zone of occu- - pation, the psychological warfare division of supreme headquarters has a special program worked out. (And don't be frightened at the $64 title of that organization a lot of our boys are alive today because of its assault on the enemy as you will learn some day.) WN'J Service, Union Trust Building. Washington, D. C. (This u the first ol two articles by Mr. Iluukhage revealing how the re-sults of llimmler's "planned terror" are making it hard lor Americans to "run" Germany.) The hearings of the Kilgore sub-committee on war mobilization con-cluded in the last weeks of con-gress and are to be resumed next September. Testimony before the committee has revealed certain "se-cret documents" showing plans on the part of various German indus-trialists to subsidize a Nazi under-ground party. The purpose of the hearings, Sena-Irj- r Kilgore's associates tell me, Is to prepare the United States against a future recrudescence of German militarism. Aim to Reorient German Mind A part of the aim of the Arneri- - can program is to help maintain or- - der, and its long-rang- e objective is described as "reorienting the Ger- - man mind, after 12 years of Nazl-ism- ." General McClure, head of the psy chological warfare division, the immediate objectives of the information bureau of his dlvl- - sion as "(1) to maintain and dsep- - en the mood of passive acqui- - escence and acceptance of orders to the German people, and so to facili-tate the completion of the occupa' ' tion of Germany; (2) to undertake special campaigns required by mili-tary government, and (3) to take the first steps toward arousing a sense of collective responsibility for Ger- - many's crimes and to provide the facts which expose the fatal conse-quences of Nazi and militarist lead- - ership and German acquiescence in them." If such underground organizations exist and continue to exist It will be necessary to hunt them out of their hiding places if we can. This Is going to be especially difficult since some of those hiding places undoubtedly will be on foreign terri-tory and it may not be easy to reach across the frontiers of nations not too unfriendly to the Nazi - Fascist idea. Meanwhile there is an imfpedl-at- e problem to be faced and that is the practical task of "running Ger-many," something which it is gen-erally admitted Is going to be hard-er than we thought. There are many battling factors of a purely physical aspect which enter into the scheme but I do not Intend to deal with them here. I want to talk about the psychological problem which Is recognized by trained observers on the scene but perhaps not as fully understood as it might be. It may is recalled that some months ago (here appeared in these columns ai exposition of the urg.iiu ration and the indoctrination of the German ptmple and the integration of all elements in Germany into a single unit, created for the purpose of waging total war. This dealt with the positive steps taken in the train-ing of the youth and conversion or compulsion exerted over such of the older generation as were sufficienUy pliable. In this and a succeeding ar-ticle I propose to deal with what might be called a program of nega-tion since its purpose was to destroy the quality of resistance to Naziism on the part of those too old or too stubborn to accept, actively or pas-sively, the Nazi regime. It is what I have alluded to as the program of "planned terror." General McClure realizes that step number three is a long one and a high one. At present the Ameri-can occupation officials are in a somewhat paradoxical position. They are expected to maintain strict military discipline and in the same breath In which they order, "Stand at attention," they have to say, "Now think for yourself!" And furthermore the Nazis have done all that is humanly possible or I should say, inhumanly possible to see that there is nothing left of initi- - ative or individual responsibility in Germany, Havjng created this state el chaos, they hope to gain an in-terim in which to strengthen their under ground. It is not organized resistance which the American occupation is meeting. Out of 10,000.000 or more Germans in the American zone, so far less than 4,000 have been jailed for acts inimical to the American military regime, but hundreds and hundreds have been flred from the civil administration because they cannot produce a clean or they have definite connections with the Nazi party or its activities. What many people fail to realize In this connection is how thorough the Naziflcation of Germany has been. I had occasion to point out in previous columns that the Ger-man people were the Nazis' first conquest, that it took longer than the military conquest of any of the nations occupied by the German armies and that the preparation for this domestic campaign was long and thorough. Nazification Extended To All Classes First, it must be remembered that since the Nazis were in full power for about 12 years and the real in-doctrination of the Germany youth began at about the age of 12, there might be presumed to remain a group of middle-age- d Germans who escaped the full blight of Nazi In-doctrination. Normally they would be the ones most likely to offer col-laboration with the American or other officials and most amenable to an acceptance of democratic methods and beliefs. Of course, there are some such. On the other hand, although this group who by age or inclina-tion were less favorable to Nazifl-cation, the majority have not escaped the effects of Nazi rule. These men were brought up in a more or less normal 20th century atmosphere, regimented to some ex-tent, it is true and with the long tradition of German militarism be-hind them, but at root a kindly, businesslike, churchgoing folk whose evils were environmental and not necessarily hereditary as they proved when they left home and set-tled on our shores They are the ones in Germany whom we blame for failing to arise and overthrow the Hitler regime, for accepting it and its inhumanities. We find them now, according to most of the persons who have visit-ed Germany, befuddled, submissive, yet resentful, but honestly reject-ing all personal, individual responsi-bility for war guilt of Germany and the atrocities of the Nazis. For the most part they have proved about as valuable in assisting in the governing of their country as a large piece of slightly rancid dough. Recently we have had a chance tc learn more about what a concentra-tion camp really was. I refer not only to the grisly horrors revealed by the dead and the living-dea-found in the captured camps. What is far more deeply revealing is the testimony of some of the former in-mates who were released earliei with their brains still intact. Frorr them we learn the powerful psy chological influences of the treat ment of prisoners by the gestapo. This psychological effect reachec those outside, too. Further, by re pasting publicly the camp bru talities in a milder form and like wise by means of the tyrannical re strictions on the whole people, al Germany was turned into one grea' Concentration camp. This was delib erately planned. From my own personal experi ences in Nazi Germany I car testify that this last statement i! not an exaggeration. I have felt thr "terror" atmosphere which the ges tapo created even for a foreigner reasonably sure of safe and un molested departure from the ac-cursed country. Leaving German in wartime, herded into the statior under the piercing eyes of the SS troopers, with the invisible presence of the gestapo all about one, had t paralyzing effect on a person ever though he had a passport in hi; DOCktt and the sovereign power oi the Uni'ed States behind him. What Rait One M Earthworm tyS It's no fair in Australia JP length ofmgjjj Pink giants of C said to resemblecB rubber hose. The worm lives .B subterranean horneB gling noise that heard several yardslB nel opening. ThebbB are quite harmless?9tives say. ft4tM WAR'S GREATEST SAGA When the final history of the war fs told, one of its greatest chapters will describe that branch of the serv-ice totally new to war the Air Transport command. Transporting prime ministers and presidents, wounded men, jeeps and Pat Hur-ley's Cadillac over oceans and des-erts has now become commonplace news to the American public. But behind that commonplace news is a thrilling story of painstaking, back-breakin- g pioneering. Here are some things few people know about the Air Transport com-mand: Most used air route In the world is not between Washing-ton and New York, not between New York and Chicago, but over "The Hump" between China and India. . . . Traffic over this world's highest mountain range, the Himalayas, Is so heavy that planes travel at different alti-tudes so there will be no colli-sions. One plane will have or-ders to fly at 22,000 feet, another at 23,000, and so on. Three or four different air routes are used across the Hump, also to avoid collisions. Next most heavily used air route Is across the North Atlantic. The ATC sends a plane across the At-lantic every 58 seconds. That's about as fast as traffic moves on the Penn-sylvania railroad between New York and Philadelphia, busiest rail line In the world. . . . The ATC is now fly-ing returning troops across the At-lantic at a rate of 50,000 per month. . . . For years, ATC pilots have been briefed on how to land on the difficult airports of Green-Uui- Iceland or China. Now the ATC has the tremendous thrill of brieflng pilots on arriving at home porta BoftOB, Portland, Long Is-land. . . . Pilots say that no brieflng was ever more welcome. From Battle Fronts. More than 220,000 wounded men have been carried in ATC planes away from the battle front. Dur-ing the early stages of Okinawa fighting, planes swooped down on makeshift runways, taxied up to am-bulances, took off right under the noses of Jap guns. Stretchers were loaded aboard while the planes re-fueled. . . . One big ATC job has been getting crashed fliers out of the Himalayas. Amazing fact is that 75 per cent are saved. . . . Lt. Gen. Harold George, boss of the ATC, realized in advance that crashes would be heavy over the Hump, so men were given special training on how to live in the jungles. They were even taken to jungle outposts to get familiar with the jungle be-- i fore they hopped. . . . Every plane flying the Hump has a small tin chest (with its own parachute) con-taining medicine, snake-bite- , anti-dote, water purifier, concentrated food, signal flares, mirrors, mosqui- to nets. etc. This chest is kept near the plane's door. If the crew has to jump, the chest is kicked out be-f. o.r.e the last man leaves the plane. In the jungle, crews are taught to stay where they are until sighted by rescue planes which signal in-structions as to where they can be picked up. . . . Natives are usually friendly and the chances of getting rescued from the jungle are far bet-ter than if a flier drops over the des- ert or in the sea. Japs Shot Down Many. The Japs shot down many ATC Planes early in the war by painting then DC-4- s with U. S. insignia. Flying up close, the Japs waited until they had perfect targets, then "red. . . . U. S. planes had to be repainted. Before Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt ordered special fighter planes rushed to the British in Egypt where Rommel had General Montgomery's back to the wall. . . . However, fight- er planes couldn't make the long trek across Africa without refueling and there was no airport in the heart of the continent. ... One day an American engineer was dropped off a Plane almost in the center of Af-nc-m French territory not far "ffedhean- Heh his pocket money, and his head smiTec with ideas. That was about a He also had instructions bu ld an a.rport to Sixweeks 4.500-foo- t sodded runway. in fairlv J good the caPme.sHandhmof , them plenty to do the job. tot: 'r:diateiy bean 2SS ish and the Brit- army staged its comeback Today the French "tic are making diplo' inquiries as to this ovprntly with a v- i- w&Ti Fifty Million Letters. the ATC"1;!"0; 'etterS W"e fl0Wn b PC " April This Peak load ha. now dropped off due to troop,tr,n,rer, out of Europe, wrrfeMn 'argeSt maiI history. . . . Also the world', iargest t be prepared to handle , 00 men a n ght at Ni r. 7 CLASSlI PEP A R rM ACTOS, TRTJCkJJJ aVuiJ WE BUT Office Furniture, Fui TtmsH Ins Machines Safes CjiS SALT LAKE DISK r,fl as Wad Brod ,,, 14, RESBil 50 RAZOR BLADES Eighty new perfect blade fS S2.00. Eighty Gem ISO I. Wilton I..I..Au,'aJ l&uij War IE Mn dw Keep jl j I WE WILL J CASH REGISTERS ADDING tuofl AND OTHER OFFICE AND STOlB AT HIGHEST CASH ftS TU UJ what you hot. Vrs now than the tnUbtipH MERCHANT'S EQUIPMM P. O. Sox 433 MIS m Acid Indigei Relieved in 5 mmulis ordouMafl When excess stomach esnaiSB- -f Ins fu, tour stomach and heartNn tM prescribe the featest-sctin-Kmptomatlc relief mtdldnsjllulatfl laxative. i Inwfl Jiff y or double roar money back u teM to us. 25c at all drasaisti. K I I J I LrW Ul H J I 3 (j sf . , y 'ill ARTHRITIS Ntul Get Mendenhall's Number 0lfl druggist or by mail poirpiidkH Money back if first bottle IM J. C. MENDENHAU MIDWB Evansville - " J fvECONOMIOLl Cinder Block l fire-p- I termite proof, prm . .,; nent. Ideal for bomM, . coop, dairy houses, 'j Available In any qufflBI-ij Famous to relieve HO FEMALE r MISERY' (Also fin Storm' Lydl E. Plnkham'i potuid is tamout to reue monthly pain but alio m nervous, tired, hlgbitruM when due to functional P turbances. Taken reg build up resistance 6" tress. Plnkham's CompouM1 turel Follow label dlrecttw WNUW J HP May Warn of rV Kidney Act M."1"!;;?. frretular habit., toggj drlAlnIur'ak! of the kidney--- W "d '.ft .ndothtrlmpunti""' blood. W Yon m. W SB hemdach., vaT.3d i lt p.iM. nervoua. SjaJ ofHdneyorbl.ddJJlS time burning. urination. .. psi1 Try Do1' rn"1 Wdney. to pa J TOte. They h. MJI owtory of public mended by V"1, Atk rw He Invented a Rolling Disc Blade to Cut Toiurh Prairio 7T S. A. Ingersoll, founder of the com-pany, had decided as a farm boy that a sharp rolling disc blade was aeeded to run ahead of the mold-ooar- d on horse-draw- n plows to cut the tough prairie sod of his day. By 1884, he had developed a com-plete rolling coulter which was wide-ly accepted by farm Implement manufacturers. And he opened a factory to manufacture the blades at Sandoval, 111., where his grain and lumber business already was established. It is told of him that in those earlier times, S. A. Ingersoll was a man of many duties. Simultane- - ously, he was plant manager, work- - man, salesman, shipping clerk, traf-fic manager, bookkeeper and treas- - urer. So that his Income might be supplemented and the opportunity for steady employment spread more evenly among his employees, the senior Ingersoll became also a bar- - O Kjyjix rel maker, catering to the needs of fruit grower,. He built and operat ed a canning factory. Twenty years after the business was started, he moved it to Gales burg ni. It was there during World War I, supplying necessary pans tor farm implements when ,he was oompletely destroyed by Te Undismayed. Ingersoi Unued their products, during" bt ter winter, while new wall, and were built around them. BARBS .. . ky Baukhage I Don't psychoanalyze the returned G.I., says General Eisenhower, pat him on the back. And, he might have added, keep your hand out of his pocket while you're doing it. e e Surplus war property is estimated as equal in value to one-thir- d of all the man-mad- property in this coun-try less than 10 years ago. from the smallest pin to Boulder Dam. The German wine crop is 50 pei cent better than average this year But the lees are bitter. as It's a paradox that for all of ar. army's destructiveness. 600.000 mer now in the armed forces, according to Senator Murray, chairman of thi small business committee, have har training or experience in construe tion work. |