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Show If the marvelous little aubmarlne torpedo boat which the United Statea government haa nearly (Intuited at Baltimore dnea all the astonishing tblnga the navy expert! promise, ahe will be In large meaaure a real fulfilment of the dreama of Julea Verne In hla of Action Twenty Thouaand League! Under the Sea. Thla la the only new war vessel ever built by our government upon which the longing eyea of ambilloua naval offlcera were not turned. It la the first time the navy department haa not been pestered by requests for auuign-ment- a to duty on a new ship. And the reason Is that the new boat la looked upon as a very promising submarine cofiln for the first crew that ventures out In her. Much of the warfare of the next century must be conducted by aubmarlne fighting machines, and thla extraordinary craft will, it la believed, solve the whole problem of under water war, to which Inventors and naval experts maa-terple- ce target that to hit it would be extremeAt any time It can sink ly difficult. When the craft haa been wholly submerged these engines are stopped, but entirely out of sight at a moment's no- there la enough steam at high pressure tice. left In the boilers to propel the vessel The chimney and air tube are with- for a considerable time lunger. When drawn Into the Interior In a doxen sec- It la on the point of exhaustion the proonds, the opening la hermetically closed pellers are connected with the electric It descends by motors, which will run the boat for sixand the craft dives. taking water Into compartments in- teen hours. tended for that purpose, thua changing Makes Its Owa Elect rirlly. Its specific gravity, and also by inclinThe vessel makes Its own electricity ing horizontal rudders so as to cause means of Us steam engines and by downfish to turn the nose of the steel Thla tores it In its accumulators. ward. The depth attained Is regulated Iman boat Holland to the point gives of limit the being aafety automatically, forof the most mense over level G6 advantage feet. At a much lower about the pressure of water would crush the eign submarine vessels, which depend wholly on electricity for motive power, boat. Thla aubmarlne marvel baa a double and are obliged to go to the shore at resteel shell, and the space between the short Intervals for the purpose of batteries. their storage filling two coats la occupied by water ballaat, When the boat dives valves are coal bunkers and compressed air tanks. Tbelntcrlor of the craft la almost whol- opened from the tanka, which contain ly filled with machinery. There la no air condensed under a pressure of 2,000 spam for offlcera or crew to sleep or eat. pounds to the square Inch. By thla Food must be brought along In cooked means the atmosphere Inside of the charged from tha tube It runs itself, being driven by a screw, with com pressed air for motive power. It may be ahot with accuracy at a mark 200 yards away and it will run 1,000 yards or more, exploding on Impact. ,C Destroy Strongest HattlmhiiM. Let one of these fearful projectiles trlka the strongest battleship, and the proud vessel of steel and Iran, a floating masa of machinery that haa coat (4,000,000 to construct, la transformed In a moment Into an iron coffin, carrying offlcera and crew to the bottom. Having delivered the fatal blow, tha submarine boat glides away, to come up presently near the surface, and with the aid of her camera luclda to look around upon the scene of the destruction ahe haa caused herself at the same time Invisible and safe from pursuit. Such a craft aa the Holland boat would never try to attach a torpedo to the bottom of ship. She picks out a vessel for attack and makes for her, occasionally coming near the surface Just long enough "to permit her commander to make sure of hia course. The Holland boat la able to keep at ea In bad weather. Its radius of fiction, traveling on the surface, la 1,000 mllea; submerged, It can go alxty miles. Ita speed under water la eight knots and It can be perfectly controlled. Special devices provide against every conceivable accident. In case It la desired to check the downward movement of the boat quickly, a touch on a button connects a compartment of water at the bow with a tank of compressed air. The expanding air drives the water out of the compartment, thua lightening the boat. If the aubmarlne vessel gets stuck In the mud at the bottom, or for some other reason la not able to rise, officers and crew will put on diving suits and escape through a hatchway. The boat le to cost 2150,000. If it proves a success, two others are to be built Thla one, Mr. Holland says, la not aa big aa It ought to be, but Ita else was limited by the appropriation. Aaaoon aa it la finished, It will be taken for a trial trip down the Chesapeake. has long been a favorite amusement of collectors. Books of travel, or stories of bunting, fishing, etc., may lie lienudfully illustrated by photographs. Unmount- d long loot s Cl Illsalsaa of EXPEKIWENTa. Irani (It AalaiaU. la Msa Among the many curious optical produced by coutrastlug lines and forma, some of a very aatoulohiug character occur, for which no satisfactory explauatlou haa been furnished. If a card perforated by a pinhole be placed close to the face, resting against ti nose, as shown In the illustration, aad a pin be held by Its point In such a way that ita bead comes between the aye and the pinhole In the card, the pin being held quite close to the eye, the pin, strange to say, will appear on the other aide of the pinhole, rets read and magnified. You ace the pin, ha fact, not as you hold (t in your hand, hut through the perforation, on the outer aide of the card. It will he found necessary, unless you have exceptionally firm nerves to rest the luiiul holding tlie pin against the oheeklniue, for the difficulty Is to get the pinhead directly between your eye and the perforation In the card, and to hold it there without wavering. I must confess my Inability to explain this illusion, nor have I met with any explanation that seem-a- i to meet the case fully and at every Than ml Ware Known b y Fsando-Bjna- a ladleitln of Charaaicr Father of Hla Washington waa and compart shape, to be consumed In Life on thla such fashion as may he. hip, if ahlp ahe la. will not be a thing of Joy. Much of the Interior apace is taken up by electric batteries and acElectric apparatus recumulators. a good deal of room, but It quires makes no amoks and needs neither fuel nor air. There are alao steam engines run by petroleum, and tubular bollera consisting of a labyrinth of pipes. The steam engines generate the electricity that la stored In the accumulators. Traveling on the Water's Narfara. Suppose that the boat la traveling on the surface of the water, at a sixteen knot gait, when the pilot, looking out a glass window In the turret, through anything hitherto taught In naval In- sees a hostile warship coming. The stitutions, that the question of man- warship la of such vaatly greater size ning her la causing the navy departthat he aplea it long before the enemy's ment a world of trouble. lookout can possibly see the diving craft. He touches a button on an elecVk( Wonder of the World. The craft la a wonder. It la nothing tric switchboard at hia aide, which more nor leaa than a huge ateel fish, transmits an order to the engine room. with lungs capable of holding enorm- Without half a minute's delay tha boat ous quantities ol fresh air, and poasess- - Inka until her superstructure la Just have for yeare given such an Incredible emount of etudy. Thla experiment. If ucceeeful, may render the great navlea of the world powerless. The new boat la the object of rapt attention from the naval nations of the world, who have learned In these later yearn to look to America for instruction In tha science of naval building. Thera la much speculation and uncertainty, however, even among our own naval authorities aa to whether the new craft will, upon practical trial, do all that her Inventor, J. P. Holland, claims for hai.'. Experiment with submarine war vessels heretofore have been so disastrous, and the manipulation of thla arrange craft la ao different from aubmarlne vessel la kept good for half a doxen hours. In case It gets close and bad, the fou' air may be pumped out. It la not neceaaary for the craft to come to the surface even when the air stored in her reservoirs has been In such a case ft two-inc- h exhausted. hoseplpf la unwound from the reel. Its free end being attached to a float, which, when released, rise to the surface of the water, carrying with It the hose. Through thla fresh air la pumped Into the vessel, and the storage tanka are refilled under pressure. Thua It will he seen that the boat la able to tay under water almost Indefinitely, not being obliged to come to the surface to take breath. Three days' provisions pre carried for the persona on board, four offlcera and eight machinists. Its Organ of Ylaloa. The most wonderful .thing about thla boat, however, la the organ of vision for seeing while submerged. It haa a single huge eye, by meana of which It la able to survey the oceans anr- - American Country," Fabius, the Cinclnnatua of the West, The Atlas of America, "Lovely Georgius, Flower of the Forest, "Deliverer of America," "Stepfather of Ilia Country and "Savloua of Hla Country. Adama waa the Colossus of Independence," Jefferson waa the "Sage of and "Long Tom" Madison waa "The Father of the Constitution. Monroe waa the "Last Cocked Hat" and Johq Quincy Adama the "Old Man Eloquent." Jackson was, of course, Old Hickory, Big Knife, and Sharp Knife, the Hero of New Orleans, Oln'ral and Old Hero. Van Buren waa the Little Magician," the Wizard of "Follower In the Footsteps, " "Whisky Van," King Martin the PolitiFlrat, "Sweet Little Fellow, cal Grimalkin" and Weasel. W. H. Harrison waa Tippecanoe, Old Tip and the "Washington of the West Tyler waa Young Hickory and "Accidental President. Polk alao waa "Young Hickory, the sobriquet being used to resurrect the Jacksonian element. Taylor waa "Old Rough and Ready "Old Buena Vista and "Old Zach. Fillmore waa the American Loula Phllllppe. Pierce waa Pune." Buchanan was "Old Public Functionary. and Bachelor President and Old Buck. We have now reached Lincoln, the "Rail Bplltter, "Honest Old Abe, Uncle Abe, Masaa Lln-ku"Father Abraham" and the Sectional President, the last name being given by the aouthernen who maintained that he represented the north and not the whole people. Then comes Johnson "Sir Veto." Grant waa "Unconditional Surrender," Old Three Stars, "Hero of Appomattox and the "American Caesar." Hayes was the "President de Facto, a name given him by the defeated democrats. Garfield was the "Martyr President." Arthur was Our Chet and the Flrat Gentleman In the Land." Cleveland la the Man of Destiny,' "Grover, and "Sniffed Prophet. IlarriBon is Backbone Ben" and Grandfather's Hat. Mon-tlcel- lo k, AcmsIs. THE NEW TORPEDO BOAT, awash, so that only urret und chimney The pilot remain above the surface. Is atll able to continue hi inspection of the warship through the window aforesaid. If the vessel come near, and he thinks he la In danger from the big rilled guns, he touches another button on the switchboard, and in eue minute by the WBtch the submarine craft la anfe from all danger, or pursuit, eighteen feet below the waves. The Instant the order la given a bit of mechanism Is set In operation by which the chimney and air tube are telescopically withdrawn. Water flows into the empty compartments, and the horizontal rudders are Inclined for divAn Indicator registers the depth, ing. which la so regulated by an automatic device that the craft cannot dween below the safety limit. The steering la done by compass when under water. The Interior of the aubmarlne vessel Is lighted by electricity, with Incandescent lamps. So long as the boat travels on the Kntlrsly Kafn from Attark. Is thi." littlf submerged rondltlua the surface It la run by Its triple expansion boat la comparatively fate from hay steam engines, which, small but power at", of attack. Jt off.vn ao amvJl a ful, actuate twin screws at the aten Ing a single great eye for surveying the surface of the ocean on all aides while the vessel itself la submerged and Invisible. It has fins for diving and eleerlng. and Its vitality la furnished by steam and electricity. The boat is practically the Nautilus of Jules Verne redured from dream to reality. It la cigar shaped, pointful at both ends: 80 feet long, 11 feet In diameter. and with a displacement of 118 tons when floating. Submerged It displaces 138 tons. Under ordinary circumstances It runs on the surface like aa ordinary torpedo boat, with a speed of sixteen knots an hour. At will It ran be lowered Just enough to be under ater. save for a turret of Harveylzed nlckel-atee- l. which la surmounted by a chimney. The armour of the turret Is eight Inrhe thick, and proof against rapid fire gut. The chimney contains a lube by means of which the air luaida of the bnat la Kept .'resli, though Itself sunk some fathoms and Invisible. The vessel does not need to rise above the waves 'n order that the pilot may perceive where he le at." It comes up merely u within a few feet of the surface, and a long tube la elevated vertically out if the water. The tube contalna a single arrangement of lenses and mirrors. The lower end of It deseendo Into the steering room of the boat, where thee face, deep, a pivoted circular table covered wbh The device la an application of the familiar camera lucid. By moving the pivot table thla way aad that the pilot can scan the aurtace of (he ocean for mllra around. Every sail, every ripple. Is aa clear to hla ee aa If he were on the deck of .a ship In the open air above. In her bow the boat haa two torpedo tubes for the discharge of automatic torpedoes of the Whitehead or Howell variety. She carries five of these tord pedoes. which are projected by air. Such a torpedo la a hollow, cigar shaped receptacle, much like a fish, carrying In Its front end 800 pounds of gun rollon. After being dis Is a white cloth. rom-osse- The early years of Agassiz read like a fairy tale ot incredible achievement. Hia bent toward natural science showed Itself almost In Infancy and grew with his growth. At fourteen we find him sighing for a list of unattainable hooka D'Anvllle, Ritter, and Italian dictionary, a Strabo In Greek, M.nacrt and Thiersch; and also the works of Malte-Bru- n and Key-feFailing to get these he copied whole volume! with the assistance ot hla brother, among others Lamarck's Anlmaux sans Vertebra. Hia parents, who had destined him l8 a commercial career, were with difficulty Induced to consent to hla studying medicine. At he was not only a doctor twenty-thre- e of medicine, but of philosophy as well, and the author of a work on Rrasillan him a name fishes, which won for among the scientists of Europe and the personal Intimacy of Ctavier and Humhe began hla boldt. At twenty-fiv- e career as a lecturer and Instructor, and at once demonstrated that extraordinary ability as a teacher and that girt ot Inspiring enthusiasm In hla subject which were anch marked characteristics of hla later years. In 1848 he mads hia first visit to America, and two years later accepted that professorihlp at Harvard which determined the war of hla remaining life. rt. walking symbolizes aurji ity, 4'scretlon or mystery. V'p-t- o ci" extra-llhiatnit- e, Coro's Dovrsfsll. The old saying, Bride goes before fall, always reminds me of an old piaster my grandmother once owned. She lived on a big farm in Mercer county, Ohio, and, naturally enough, lie raised many chickens and other fowl. There was one handsome old rooster among them named Coro, who waa very proud of Ids bright, fin feathers, and considered himself a little better than the rest, lie strutted around tlie farmyard, never delgulng fowls except to to notice tbe other chanced to who those at angrily fly oorna too near bis rojal highness. Sometimes he could not restrain hla boastful feelings, and would perch crow upon high tsixes and lsiards and could lustily. He seemed to think he take as many liberties as he pleased, and was always getting into place Where he was not wanted. Grandma had a large ron of molasses which slic kept In the summer bouse', with other provisions. Coco, beside lieiiig a dmle, was somethin of an adventurer, lie managed to get Into the house when the folks wore lard-ca- n. away, and stepped boldly upon a But the lid tipped, and Hr. Rooster slid Into the molasses. He struggled hard to get out, but he straggled the ileeiier be snnk. He had given up despairingly when grandma arrived, and by gnfltt effort succeeded In releasing him, then took him out to the pump and waahad rsr NICKNAMES OF PRESIDENTS All ed prints are to tie desired, although it Is pallile to take print off mounts soaking In' warm water. by a lIlM-rThe photographs, such aa bromide and platinum prluts. are vaatly letter than the shiny albumen prints. Photographs should lie mounted ill the same way as other prints, except that no opeiiingK are to lie made in the mounts. The prints should lie pasted on flat and pressed until dry. prints have a tendency to curl up, anil it will require a pretty ailff one paper to keep them flat. Thla la broof the reason why platinum or mide irluts are so much Utter. When albumen prints are used they must bo mounted wet, and should afterward be burnished, which can be done by An any professional photographer. amateur photographer can have ins fun in many cases of making the pictures himself fur the book he wants and the finished to work will have an added Interest and value to him. The nse of photograplia. especially If many are included, will greatly Increase the thickness of a Issik. and it will gitierally lie found advisable to have the binder make it into two volumes of equal size. point. A Pis Trlrk. If a stnall perforation be made in a thimble, such as. Indeed, often occurs from long and cnuistant use, of that indispensable household article, everything oeen through it, the, tetters on thla column, for example. If the thimble Is slowly mortal over it, will appear greatly magnified. A very curious optical illusion may be made to occur with the help of the accompanying illustration. Let a white cunl alsmt the size of an ordinary business card, or smaller, according to the focus of the person's eyea who tried the experiment, be placed along the dotted line 1 et ween the bird anil the cage, on Its edge lengthwise. It must be turned to the light, ao that the card throws no shadow. Let the middle of the end of the nose be placed on the upiier edge of the curd, and after a few momenta steady looking file bird will be seen to enter tlie cav. Place a pea between tbe first and second fingers of the right hand In their natural position, and you will feel the pea as one. Cross two fingers .bringing the second over the first, and place the pea In the fork between them ao is to feel the left aide of the pea with Jw right side of the second finger, and tha right with the left of the flrat. The Impression will then be that you have two peas touching the fingers, specially if the eyes are shut am? the fingers placed (n position by another person. Tbe Illusion will he equally of both strong if the two hands are crossed, and tlie pea placed between them. If a chicken In a sitting position on g table be gently pressed with pile hand upon the stipiKirting surface, tlie head and bill pressed down with the other hand tlie fowl will remain perfectly powerless In the jiositlou given it for ome time after all restraint lias been -- fore-finge- the-harde- him. But, oh, what a woeful sight was that once brilliant bird He presented tbe appearance of a fretful poreupinv and be looked, oh, so dPSiKindent! He went humbly up to tbe other chickens, but they scorned him and would have nothing to do with him. Whenever be came near they would iieck at him aid chase him away. Finally, after many attempts at friendliness, lie decided upon an awful step. He walked slowly to the well, and. after one aad, reproachful glafcee committed suiat hla fellow-roostercide by Jumping in. The well was dragged and the body recovered. No coroner was called, and it waa never known whether death was accidental or Intentional, hut the Impression was Rod that it was the latter.-Marg- arat buck, in Chicago Record. s, anil Their Ways. a little farm down in Union' county. Kcnturky, ihere is an old German who has a large number of cnls of and two, very n art dogs. Two On these dogs Is a Scotch collie named' The other is what Is coismonly known aa a yaller dog," and la called Ring. Nickel. When he finds a fresh mole burrow lie mashes down the earth on 4t jrtth hi paw. and visits this place for several days, to niHke sure that a mole panne through it every day. When lie finds that he is right he goes to the-burro- about tlie middle :.f the dar because moles always move at that time, mid watches for the mole to conic along. Wli.n lie conies there lie . is generally a s most of his time huntRing ing rabbits. and is generally very sue cessful. B'lt Nickel has short legs and is a very riii.ner. so he hardly ever catciies a rabbit. But. for nil mole-killer- siM-iul- inr this, he has rabbit to eat as often as When King starts out for a hunt Nickel follows at a distance. When King catches a rabbit he buries R lor several day, and Nickel generally knows where If Is buried. So. when King biis buried his rabbit Nickel turns uml removes the rabHt grave-- r bls-r to his own graveyard. lie Is too smart I to ieu every rabbit that King rn idles. for lie know that if he does he will soon be caught. In coM weather King. Nickel and all strop as close toright or ten gether ns they ran huddle, and In this way everylssly keep warm. ltoliert S. Mi licit. In Chicago Kecord. Ring. The Bird sad the Case. removed, or If a thread lie Kiisjioiidi'd over the comb of a chicken so that the end hangs down over Its eyes tlie fowl will remain in a cataleptic condition and finally pans into oomnoli-nc- e so deep that it will permit all possible movements without giving any signs of life: or If a pigeon be press d gently Usin a table so that it cannot use Ita wings, and a finger be pinml before Ita eyea ami moved back and forth, following the motion of tbe hind, ao that the eyes must continually notice It. the bird will so: si become quiet, and will not fly away when the hand la removed. If a frog's foreleg are lied to gether and tlie aides of the animal carefully stroked with the finger It will, when laid uistn Ita Ixick. remain perfectly quiet ami only regain Its activity when the cord la removed, while a frog that Is free cannot lie made to lie upon Its back. Kstra-lllsatratls- a Book. a Every ons knows how much more In teres ting Is an Illustrated book than one without plcturao. What a satisfaction It would tie to us If we could Illustrate our favorite books ourselves! What pleasure we would take In It! This le entirely possible. It le a comparatively easy matter to illustrate e book, or, In the cost of a book that already contalna pictures, to extend and Increase the Illustration by mean of kl prints, engraving and pictures inhered from various sources and Rmind tn with ths leaves of the Imok. Yble la called and extra-lllilstratln- Tree That Whistle. The musical or whistling tree Is fou In the West India inlands, In Nub and the Romlaii. t It hnj a peculi; shaped loaf, and mn1h w th n split oien edge. Tlie wind iaming throu these sends out th. sound which gh tlie tree its peculiar name, in Burl does there Is a valley tilled w(b (hi trees, and when the trade-windbl across the islands, a constant ns nil d whistle is heard from which, in the still liuurs of the nig has a vary weird and unpleasant effc A aperies of acacia, which grows vi abundantly In the Soudan, la nlso call the whistling tree by the natives, hoots are frequently, hy the agensy the larvae of Insects, distorted In aha and swollen Into a globular blade flora one to two Inehrs la dlamet After tbs Insert ha emerged from circular hole In tho side of this swi log. the opening, played upoa by wind, becomes a musical instrotno equal In sound to a awaet-tonsHut s deep-tone- 1 1 d Tit-Bit- s. |